Knowledge Repository Research Articles

Obsolescence rate of sectors in patents filed in USPTO

The lifetime of a patent is 20 years, but many patents get abandoned before completing this duration. This may be in part due to the high maintenance fee required by United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), lack of demand for licensing, limited scope for workability in dynamic market situation, deficit of investment in taking it forward, change in the priorities of the inventor or emergence of more affordable or frugal competitive products. We have created a knowledge repository of abandoned patents in USPTO which are available for use by the scholars, entrepreneurs and others in the society. This repository has additional open access features compared to the earlier repository by Pearce such as the names of inventors, the country of inventors, date of abandonment along with the status of the patents, assignee history, number of citations, CPC, NBER and WIPO categories of each patent and entity status.In this paper we have analyzed some trends in the rate of abandonment over the years vis a vis non-abandoned or active patents over the years. We have also explored the number of abandoned and non-abandoned patents in different sectors based on the Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) of patents. We have created a framework to classify the patents into separate categories based on the filing and abandonment rate. We have taken forward the work on patent lifecycle and used it to understand lifecycle of patent sectors. We have also created a quantitative metric, called as obsolescence rate, to identify the rising and declining sectors. Based on the obsolescence rate, sectors such as Heterocyclic Compounds (CPC category: C07D); Information Storage Based On Relative Movement Between Record Carrier And Transducer (CPC category: G11B); and Apparatus For Physical Training, Gymnastics, Swimming, Climbing, Or Fencing; Ball Games; Training Equipment (CPC category: A63B) and which are to the right of the reference line have a higher obsolescence rate and are hence declining sectors. Similarly, categories such as Computer Systems Based On Specific Computational Models (CPC category: G06 N); Systems For Controlling Or Regulating Non-Electric Variables (CPC category: G05D); and Control Or Regulating Systems In General; Functional Elements Of Such Systems; Monitoring Or Testing Arrangements For Such Systems Or Elements (CPC category: G05B) are on the left of reference line and are hence the rising sectors.

Social Work Journals: A Key Disciplinary Resource

Social work journals are repositories of disciplinary knowledge. The recent critiques of Western and anglophone dominance in knowledge production and publication barriers experienced by scholars from the Global South and those non-anglophone have implications for journals and the knowledges they (re)produce. The lack of comprehensive lists of journals adds a further obstacle to the dissemination of non-dominant social work knowledges. To deal with this concern, we offer a novel list of international social work journals that includes journals omitted from existing English-language Northern lists and situates them as credible sources of social work knowledge.

MODELS AND ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMIZING LEGAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL IN THE CORPORATE NETWORK OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIES

With the rapid growth of information in the global network, the challenges of finding information quickly and easily in a narrow range of fields of study and specialization are increasing. People are constantly looking for information in some form throughout their lives. This is the result of the constant striving of human beings for innovation, efforts to improve personal and professional competencies. One of the main objectives of libraries is to meet people’s needs for information. In short, this process can be called the type of informational support. The main purpose of this research is to develop models and algorithms to optimize the effective search of information about health information in corporate networks. Electronic libraries in the field of jurisprudence serve not only to train personnel in the field of jurisprudence, but also to increase legal literacy in society, to make citizens aware of their rights and obligations, and to prevent them from becoming victims of various frauds. For organizations, it serves as the most important repository of knowledge for their employees to constantly update their legal knowledge, to draw up normative-legal documents, contracts and agreements within the framework of legal requirements. Despite the fact that the field of jurisprudence is one of the most important areas of activity, the provision of scientific information to this field is not sufficiently systematized. Different organizations and institutions store their existing legal literature in the way they choose, and there is no single mechanism for making it available to users, digitizing, classifying, and searching for it. Most library users rate the efficiency of the library by the availability of the necessary literature. A survey of law students and professors was conducted to examine the interest of library users in legal electronic literature and their use. More than 50% of respondents use the electronic library daily, 93% are looking for legal literature, and 50% of participants said it is difficult to find legal literature. Also, all respondents (100%) approved the need to create a single corporate network by pooling electronic resources of higher education institutions providing legal training.

Re-centring and recovering knowledge about climate-friendly agriculture: Learning from a woman African indigenous knowledge holder

abstract Patriarchal capitalist colonisation has bestowed on the world civilisational crises, including climate change and the spread of virulent pandemics. The agri-food model, which has been moulded by the contours of the modern capitalist enterprise, is a key source of chemical pollution from artificial fertilisers, and air pollution from greenhouse gases. The consequent killing of soil and water biomes, and the warming of the planet from these pollutants, increases vulnerability of those who bear the brunt of socio-economic, gender and cultural inequity. We departed from the focus on vulnerable populations in climate change disasters, and adopted a feminist critical approach, by casting our gaze towards geo-epistemic Southern regions. In our qualitative research project, we sought intersectional solutions to climate change in the form of educational interventions. We tapped into the knowledge repository of one purposively selected woman African indigenous knowledge holder, who taught fifteen practising science teachers who were enrolled in an Honours degree about climate friendly agriculture. Bringing the voice of a woman African indigenous knowledge holder to the centre repositioned the locus of enunciation and generated a fertile Southern feminist context for collaboration. Teachers experienced hands-on learning under the guidance of the indigenous knowledge holder. Among other practices they used animal waste, which they worked into the soil, and hoes to manually turn soil, thereby limiting disturbance to the soil ecosystem. Teachers documented their learning in portfolios of evidence, and written reflections, which were subjected to content analysis. The careful use of manure from animals and limiting the use of fossil fuels in creating food gardens, were insights gained by the teachers. Hegemonic rules about who qualifies as a legitimate teacher in higher education and what can be admitted as legitimate scientific knowledge, were blurred. The woman who taught about how African indigenous knowledge can inform sustainable food production, contributed towards the building of epistemic justice within the broader social justice context. Through this intercultural dialogue teachers learned to teach about African medicinal plants, the advantages of crop rotation, as well as preparing soil for garden beds. Teachers embraced knowledge from the South and transcended curriculum boundaries.

Saxo Grammaticus's Account of the Viking Age Site on the Danish Island of Hjarnø in Gesta Danorum

Saxo Grammaticus's Account of the Viking Age Site on the Danish Island of Hjarnø in <i>Gesta Danorum</i>

Application of CHATGPT in civil engineering

Artificial Intelligence, machine learning, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are changing the way tasks are accomplished. CHATGPT is a well-known conversational artificial intelligence (AI) system based on the generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) architecture, launched by OpenAI. CHATGPT is trained through reinforcement learning based on human feedback. There are advantages to the use of CHATGPT in Civil engineering, including but not limited to design and planning: structural analysis and simulation, code compliance and regulations construction management, knowledge repository and information retrieval, education, and research. The limitation of CHATGPT is the bias based on the datasets used in CHATGPT training, the requirement of sufficient input information, as well as the risk of bias and transparency issues, and negative consequences if generating inaccurate content. The use of CHATGPT and other language models in civil engineering requires careful consideration to ensure not bypassing expert consultation in particular cases. Deep Learning based language models would have a positive impact on civil engineering rather than replacing human expertise and improving the infrastructure development in the world and solving challenges facing mankind

The Seondeok–Jigwi Encounter: A Folkloric and Historical Artifact of the Silla Kingdom’s Religious and Social Landscape

In English-language academic publications outside of a small handful of translations, the encounter between Jigwi (지귀 [志鬼]) and the Silla monarch Seondeok (선덕여왕 [善德女王], r. 632–647) has received scant attention, perhaps because of scholarly views that dismiss folklore as an insufficient foundation for a thoroughly objective evaluation of the past. On the other hand, an assessment of folklore as a repository of cultural and societal knowledge can help to justify the use of the Stith Thompson classification system as a way of extrapolating insights on the life of Queen Seondeok and the man who passionately desired to have a personal audience with the monarch. Through discerning reflections on the tale of the Seondeok–Jigwi encounter, one can appreciate the contours of a nuanced and pluralistic world of Silla belief systems, a complicated society partly guided by the powerful attraction of Seondeok’s personality, and a social hierarchy that one cannot carelessly reduce into simplistic dichotomies between privileged nobles and humbler commoners.

The Persistence of Memory. Exploring the Significance of Glass from Materiality to Intangible Values

As a material, glass has been linked with knowledge and skill mastery for at least three millennia, reflecting the use of traditional tools and technologies inherited from the past. The history of glass speaks of know-how, technological transitions, and contaminations among preferences and raw materials. An increase in the awareness of traditional knowledge underlying the tradition of glass manufacturing has recently been observed with the inscription of the art of Venetian glass beads on the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, which has been recognized as a repository of knowledge and mastery of skills, reflecting the use of traditional tools and technologies inherited from the past. However, the potential that glass holds to rediscover the flows and exchanges of technological knowledge in the past has only been explored marginally, and issues linked to the intangible values and the socio-cultural significance of glass are still only sporadically addressed. This review aims to stimulate reflection on the diversity of the significance underlying glass as a material that has marked the cultural and technological history of man. This study will establish the foundation for a methodological reflection in the approach to the study of ancient glass that is intended to help uncover the intangible values that it is an embodiment for.

Legal activity of the international renewable energy agency

The energy sector’s transition from a fossil fuel-based system to an energy-efficient system from renewable sources is recognized as indisputable and undeniable. However, the primary energy that comes from renewable sources today is only 5% of world consumption. Thus, the transition will require a lot of time and effort in the field of international policy. First, effective measures should be taken to increase the use of renewable energy to a level that reduces climate change. The prominent active persons who make decisions at the international level remain the states. International organizations can provide substantial assistance to the states in this area, including the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).Today, IRENA works with the main players and helps to shape their policy. This is evidenced by the agency’s activities, initiatives, and tools. The organization has achieved a major success in the regulation of renewable energy. At the same time, for the developed norms to become universal, the agency should spread its initiatives more evenly around the world. Most modern states need help in improving their renewable energy policy. Such assistance will be easier, based on universal standards of renewable energy. It is in this direction that IRENA works.Focusing on the global development of renewable energy, IRENA is working with international organizations such as the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the United Nations (UN). IRENA is established as an intergovernmental organization that supports the states in their transition to a sustainable energy future and serves as the main platform for international cooperation, a center for the acquired experience, and a repository of policy, technology, resources, and financial knowledge on renewable energy.

Narrative review on open access institutional repositories and knowledge sharing in South Africa

AbstractThis brief communication conveys a critical assessment of the benefits, challenges, and potential of Open Access Institutional Repositories (OAIRs) for knowledge sharing in South Africa. The review identifies best practices and recommendations to promote and improve their usage. Researchers need training and support to understand guidelines and best practices for depositing their work. Limited funding for OAIRs can be addressed by government funding or exploring alternative models. Legal and policy frameworks must support OAIRs and ensure they comply with international standards. Proper management and indexing policies enhance institutional visibility and information retrieval. OAIRs promote collaboration and cooperation among researchers and provide a platform for knowledge sharing and feedback. Standardized platforms and frameworks ensure digital outputs are accessible and usable for the academic community. Sharing knowledge on self‐archiving encourages researchers to deposit their works. Formal reviews must focus on metadata and ensure that articles are from DHET‐accredited journals and that theses and dissertations meet institutional requirements. These efforts promote open access and preserve scholarly works for future generations.

Blockchain-based application for NC machining process decision and transaction

In the field of NC process design, a large number of designers or manufacturing enterprises have provided a wealth of crowd intelligence resources. However, the lack of organizational methods for the knowledge contained in a large number of machining process data makes it impossible to effectively utilize the machining process knowledge. At the same time, due to the intellectual property protection of machining process, process knowledge cannot be freely shared among designers and manufacturing enterprises, which makes the process design system limited in knowledge that can be applied and difficult to break through and improve. To counter this problem, a blockchain-based NC machining process decision and transaction approach is proposed. First, the process knowledge repositories in the process design consortium are structurally characterized by the probability graph structure to support the automatic decision-making of process schemes; Then, process design requirements are transmitted to each process design node in the consortium through the blockchain; Then, according to the process design requirements, the process scheme is determined in each node with the process design capability of such parts through depth first search and probability calculation; Finally, the process schemes are fed back to the demander through the blockchain to achieve the purpose of transaction and knowledge protection. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the test of actual parts.

A Novel Framework for Ancient Text Translation Using Artificial Intelligence

Ancient script has been a repository of knowledge, culture and civilization history. In order to have a greater access to the valuable information present in the ancient scripts, an appropriate translation system needs to be developed keeping complexity and very less knowledge of the script available in consideration. In this study, a translation and prediction system has been implemented using Artificial Intelligence. The training has been developed using Sunda-Dataset and self-generated dataset, whereas the translation from ancient script viz. Sundanese script to English text is done using two layers Recurrent Neural Network. The technique used is compared with an existing translator called IM Translator. The results shows that the BLEU score is increased by 8% in comparison to IM Translator further WER is decreased by 10% in contrast to IM Translator. Furthermore, the N-Gram analysis results indicate 3% to 4% increase in 100% contrast value.

US Urbanism and Its Pacific Histories

US Urbanism and Its Pacific Histories Kelema Lee Moses (bio) Sean Connelly, Learning from Lē'ahi, Koa Gallery, Kapi'olani Community College, Kalāhu, Pālolo, Kona, O'ahu, 09 23– 12 21, 2021. Kapi'olani Community College's Koa Gallery is located on the slopes of Lē'ahi, a crater on the island of O'ahu that the United States government designated as Diamond Head Military Reservation in 1906. Attuned to the site specificity and history of this place, Sean Connelly's solo exhibition, Learning from Lē 'ahi, visually exposed the environmental and societal effects that the US military has imposed on the Hawaiian Islands. Through bold and engaging visuals—from billboards and street signs to 3D models and GIS maps— Learning from Lē'ahimakes central the role of the architect in perpetuating militarized urbanism in Hawai'i. The show persuasively envisioned possibilities for architectural demilitarization that would lead to sustainable futures for human and more-than-human beings. Learning from Lē'ahioffered visitors an opportunity to reflect on and process their relationship to the Hawaiian Islands as Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiians), arrivants, settlers, and/or tourists. The exhibition encouraged architects to acknowledge a shared responsibility to the land and its people by challenging—through text, image, and sound—discourses that have relegated Hawai'i to the academic and architectural periphery. Learning from Lē 'ahiwas Connelly's latest work to situate architecture's practice and pedagogy within an activist ethos. Connelly is a self-described "expert witness geomancer mystic" from Honolulu, working as an artist, design theorist, and architectural historian. 1Their architectural interventions within galleries and cityscapes appear as critical commentaries on the environmentalism and materiality rooted in Pacific Islander mores. Connelly engages Kanaka Maoli sociospatial epistemologies that are spiritual and sensory repositories of cultural knowledge to produce projects that have consistently critiqued settler colonialism and the architect's role in the objectification of Hawai'i's lands. 2Their site-specific works center Indigenous placemaking and imagine architecture's future possibilities. These concerns have been in place for a long time. Thatch Assembly with Rocks (2060s)(2017), for instance, exemplifies the [End Page 419]way architecture's materiality is tethered to place-based knowledge. The long angular form in Honolulu's Foster Botanical Garden was constructed from local wood and features volcanic rocks that produce an aestheticized flooring and thatched loulu palms that provided a thermal protectant. Thatch Assembly with Rocks (2060s)used Hawaiian building techniques and materials for architectural construction that are in harmony with the land and its people. Thatch Assembly with Rocks (2060s)was inspired by Hawaiian hale, traditional shelters for sleeping, cooking, storing canoes, social activities, and communal gatherings. Connelly adopted Hawaiian hale construction methods for the structure to make visible what they describe as a "blind spot" in the theory, history, and education of architecture. 3Until the early twentieth century, Kanaka families and "house-builders" constructed hale using pou (posts), kaupaku (ridgepoles), a'ho (small sticks), and o'a (rafters) latched together with pili grass, pandanus leaves, or ti leaves. 4Hale have vast, open interior spaces that do not make use of columned structural supports. This Pacific Island design feature, an architectural feat not deployed in the United States until the mid-twentieth century, dates back thousands of years. Connelly's desire to interject a deeper historical knowledge about Hawai'i's lands, peoples, and epistemologies into architectural narratives resonated with Dominic Leong, an architect with familial ties to Hawai'i. 5Connelly's work appealed to Leong, in part, because of its engagement with Hawaiian architecture and US legacies of colonial trauma and unrest in the Pacific. In an interview with Flux Hawaii, Leong remarked that he had "a specific responsibility within the architectural discipline, as [a member of the] Kanaka Maoli diaspora, to help pluralize the canon and articulate a more enriched understanding of architecture that is not limited by a Eurocentric legacy." 6In 2020, Connelly and Leong partnered to establish Hawai'i Non-Linear (HNL), a nonprofit collaborative that seeks to "empower Indigenous futures in the built environment" through architectural education. 7 Learning from Lē'ahi's moniker was emblazoned across the...

Značaj fonda Pomorske biblioteke u naučnoistraživačkom i edukativnom procesu

Libraries are repositories of knowledge, and they were created long before the creation of the book itself. First libraries were established long time ago in the Babylonian Empire and ancient Egypt. In the modern world dominated by Internet and modern technologies, libraries have lost their status as the “only” repository of information, even though they represent a cultural, educational and learning centre. In this paper readers will have the opportunity to become more familiar with the Maritime Library in Kotor. We will try to describe the need for having a university library in Kotor, a city with a long maritime tradition. Special attention will be paid to the formation and evaluation of the library fund, as well as library services that have been improved and modernized over time, all in order to respond to the modern demands of users. The Maritime Library, as a support to scientific research and educational process at the Faculty of Maritime Studies Kotor, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, and Institute of Marine Biology, well equipped and offering a multidisciplinary library fund, fully corresponds to the requirements of a modern librarianship.

Exploring Large Digital Bodies for the Study of Human Behavior.

Internet access has become a fundamental component of contemporary society, with major impacts in many areas that offer opportunities for new research insights. The search and deposition of information in digital media form large sets of data known as digital corpora, which can be used to generate structured data, representing repositories of knowledge and evidence of human culture. This information offers opportunities for scientific investigations that contribute to the understanding of human behavior on a large scale, reaching human populations/individuals that would normally be difficult to access. These tools can help access social and cultural varieties worldwide. In this article, we briefly review the potential of these corpora in the study of human behavior. Therefore, we propose Culturomics of Human Behavior as an approach to understand, explain, and predict human behavior using digital corpora.

Leveraging COBIT 2019 Framework to Implement IT Governance in Business Process Outsourcing Company

The company specializes in delivering information and technology services to businesses operating in the same industry. Recognizing the pivotal role of information technology in achieving its vision, mission, and goals, the company emphasizes the proper implementation of IT governance to drive overall company success. To evaluate the management of IT resources, the study employs the COBIT-2019 framework for measurement. The data collection approach encompasses interviews, questionnaires, observation, and document analysis. The findings indicate that most IT governance processes currently operate at level 2 capability. However, the company aspires to reach level 3 for these processes. Consequently, recommendations are proposed to enhance these processes based on the best practices outlined in COBIT-2019. Key suggestions include implementing performance measurements and facilitating access to knowledge repositories to foster skill and competency development.

What issues are data scientists talking about? Identification of current data science issues using semantic content analysis of Q&A communities.

Because of the growing involvement of communities from various disciplines, data science is constantly evolving and gaining popularity. The growing interest in data science-based services and applications presents numerous challenges for their development. Therefore, data scientists frequently turn to various forums, particularly domain-specific Q&A websites, to solve difficulties. These websites evolve into data science knowledge repositories over time. Analysis of such repositories can provide valuable insights into the applications, topics, trends, and challenges of data science. In this article, we investigated what data scientists are asking by analyzing all posts to date on DSSE, a data science-focused Q&A website. To discover main topics embedded in data science discussions, we used latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), a probabilistic approach for topic modeling. As a result of this analysis, 18 main topics were identified that demonstrate the current interests and issues in data science. We then examined the topics' popularity and difficulty. In addition, we identified the most commonly used tasks, techniques, and tools in data science. As a result, "Model Training", "Machine Learning", and "Neural Networks" emerged as the most prominent topics. Also, "Data Manipulation", "Coding Errors", and "Tools" were identified as the most viewed (most popular) topics. On the other hand, the most difficult topics were identified as "Time Series", "Computer Vision", and "Recommendation Systems". Our findings have significant implications for many data science stakeholders who are striving to advance data-driven architectures, concepts, tools, and techniques.

Tools to help teachers and designers complete individual tasks when co-designing industrial engineering games – Application to the design of an innovation management game

ABSTRACT Serious games (SGs) offer an engaging format for teaching industrial engineering (IE) methodologies. IE methodologies involve people following a process in a set of conditions to design, improve and install systems, which are easily scripted into gameplay. The scholarship has proposed co-design approaches for teachers and SG designers. However, teachers are not always ready to engage, and designers can readily create SG elements rapidly alone. We propose a co-design framework to distinguish their roles and four tools for them to better embed relevant expertise in the SG design process. A first tool is a domain decomposition model, which helps teachers create the knowledge repository for an IE methodology. Then, a specification vector is provided to define clear learning objectives. The third tool is a mapping table that inspires designers building gaming elements based on the learning objectives. The final tool is a verification table that helps check whether the learning experience offered by a SG is aligned with its learning objectives. A game on innovation management was designed that adopts the co-design framework. It was tested in three sessions with 23 players, resulting in a playful learning experience .

RECORDS OF MOBBING BEHAVIOR IN VENEZUELAN WILD BIRDS

Mobbing is a survival strategy in which birds attack enemies to drive them from the vicinity. This paper reports mobbing behavior events among wild bird species of Venezuela. A total of 31 species from 15 families were recorded in 130 mobbing events. Individual mobbing was the widespread strategy, recorded in 24 species (77%) and 82 mobbing events (63%). Birds tended to mob individually when the enemy was flying but they inclined to do so in groups when the enemy was perched (χ2 =18.191, p&lt;0.05). However, 16 species (52%) required additional assistance of conspecifics, and only three species (10%) were assisted by non-conspecific allies. Anti-predatory was the widespread function, recorded in 27 species (87%) and 106 mobbing events (82%). 22 species (71%) mobbed one bird of prey at least, and 79 mobbing events (61%) were against typical raptor-shaped birds. But mobbing also was performed for other purposes: six species (19%) mobbed for food resource protection in 17 mobbing events (13%) while other four species (13%) mobbed for site defense in five events (4%). Mobbing behavior was recorded at breeding time in 16 species (53%), and 75 mobbing events (58%) occurred at that period. Seven mobber species (23%) were also mobbed. Most mobbing events (98%) were initiated by the weaker species. Highly significant differences were found in body size (W: 4471.0; p&gt;0.01) and body mass (W: 4452.5; p&gt;0.01) between the mobber and mobbed species. In general, a mobber bird engaged in mobbing with other birds of same body size and body mass up to 5.6 times larger and 117.5 heavier. Only the Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris and the Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholichus were exposed to true danger when they mobbed the Great Black-Hawk Buteogallus anthracinus. Recorded information improves the repository of available knowledge in Venezuela and the Neotropical region.

Decolonisation through Digitalisation? African Languages at South African Universities

Many South African universities aim to implement one or more African languages into formal and digital structures, in a process known as localisation. Often, however, this objective is not met due to manifold obstacles, not least of which is a conceptual contradiction of bounded languages and translingual practices. Digitalisation promises to diversify teaching and learning experiences as well as knowledge production at universities. At the same time, it threatens to reproduce analogue power structures. How do institutions negotiate these potentials and pitfalls? This paper explores the digitalisation of isiXhosa at three South African universities in the Eastern Cape province: Nelson Mandela University, Rhodes University, and the University of Fort Hare. Qualitative methods such as discourse analysis and immersed observation were applied to describe state-of-the-art developments in the digital implementation of isiXhosa in the realms of outward representation and communication, learning spaces, and knowledge repositories.