Knowledge Questions Research Articles

Metaverse and machine readable standards: Basic concepts, key technologies, and application scenarios

<p>Standards are important in facilitating the development of new technologies in the Metaverse scene, and machine readable standards are a new form of standards centered on machine reading, execution, and understanding. Therefore, the study of machine readable standards is of great significance to promote the development of Metaverse technology and disciplines. At present, there is no research on the fusion of machine readable standards and Metaverse home and abroad, and there is no research on the research value, key technologies, difficult challenges and application scenarios of machine readable standards under the perspective of Metaverse. Challenges and potential opportunities for the application of machine readable standards are also discussed. Finally, the application scenarios of machine readable standard in the Metaverse field are proposed, including four scenarios: resource retrieval, knowledge question and answer, personalized knowledge push and virtual digital human.<strong></strong></p>

Health Belief Model Predicts Likelihood of Eating Nutrient-Rich Foods among U.S. Adults.

Despite decades of messaging, most Americans still consume excess fats and sugars, but inadequate fiber, potassium, and calcium. Nutrient-rich foods (NRFs) have a high density of favorable nutrients related to calories. Choosing NRFs could lower risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases and aid in their control. We hypothesized that having greater knowledge of NRFs, the presence of a nutrition-related chronic disease or risk factor, and positive Health Belief Model (HBM) views would be predictive of the likelihood of eating NRFs. Through a national online survey panel, 976 adults aged 18-80 completed demographic, health, NRF knowledge, attitudes, and HBM construct questions. Participants were 77% White, 52% women, and 55% had a nutrition-related disease or risk factor. Multivariable HBM scales were generated by theory, principal components, and reliability analysis. NRF knowledge was significantly higher for women, Whites, households without children, and persons without a nutrition-related disease (all p ≤ 0.015). 'Likelihood of eating NRFs' was significantly higher for persons with a nutrition-related disease, Whites, married participants, main food shoppers, and households with children (all p ≤ 0.022). Regressing demographic and HBM constructs on the 'likelihood of eating NRFs' resulted in R2 of 0.435. Nutrition-related disease and HBM constructs of self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and cues to action were predictive of the likelihood of eating NRFs, but higher NRF knowledge was negatively associated.

Health insurance literacy among patients receiving outpatient cancer treatment.

This study examines patients' understanding of health insurance terms and concepts and quantifies health insurance literacy (HIL) levels by key sociodemographic factors. This study included 393 adult patients with cancer (>18 years old) receiving treatment in two ambulatory infusion centers: Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, Arizona and the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi. Respondents' perceptions of their HIL were assessed using the Health Insurance Literacy Measure (HILM), a validated 21-item measure of a consumer's ability to select and use health insurance (HIL self-efficacy). Respondents' knowledge of health insurance concepts (HIL knowledge) was measured using 10 items created by the Kaiser Family Foundation. The number of correct answers was categorized into three levels: 0-4 (low knowledge), 5-6 (moderate knowledge), and 7-10 (high knowledge). Multivariable logistic regressions were used to compare correct answers to HIL knowledge questions by HIL self-efficacy. Nearly three-quarters of patients had high HIL self-efficacy and high HIL knowledge (70.5%), understanding basic insurance terms, such as premiums and deductibles. Relatively low percentages of patients correctly answered questions about the meaning of provider networks, health insurance formularies, and calculating out-of-pocket spending in scenarios when insurers pay a portion of allowed charges. Lower HIL knowledge was more common among patients with less educational attainment (<college: 15.2%; ≥college: 4.7%), lower household income (<$4999: 11.8%; ≥$5000: 6.1%), and low HIL self-efficacy scores (low: 24.8%; high: 5.2) (all p values <.05). Efforts to improve HIL and navigation of health insurance plan features are required, especially for socioeconomically vulnerable patients.

HIV/AIDS-Associated Knowledge and Attitudes towards Treating Disadvantaged Communities among Pre-Community-Based Dental Education Dental Students in the U.S.

This study examines HIV/AIDS-associated knowledge and attitudes towards treating disadvantaged communities among predoctoral dental students in U.S. dental schools who have not yet commenced their Community-Based Dental Education (CBDE) training. It also compares the difference in the knowledge and attitudes between students with reported community engagement with PLWHA and those without. Our study comprised 89 predoctoral dental students within their D1-D3 years of dental school who had not yet initiated their Community-Based Dental Education (referred to as pre-CBDE dental students). Their responses were collected via an online survey. The participants were 68% females, 94% heterosexual, and with a mean age (years) of 25.9 ± 3.5 SD. The majority (62%) were in their first (D1) and second (D2) years of dental education. Of the thirty knowledge questions, only five received a minimum of 90% correct responses. Similarly, we found no statistical differences in most of the knowledge/attitude sections between those with and without prior PLWHA exposure. Encouragingly, 90% of our participants reported prior experience working with disadvantaged communities. Early community engagement fosters a sense of professional responsibility towards administering dental care to disadvantaged communities and we propose that it must be encouraged among aspiring dental school students.

An Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Probiotics and Prebiotics among the Population of the United Arab Emirates.

Probiotics and prebiotics offer a range of advantageous effects on human health. The knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of individuals can impact their inclination to consume probiotics and prebiotics. The main objective of this study was to examine the KAP of the people in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) about probiotics and prebiotics consumption. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the impact of KAP and sociodemographic factors on the use of probiotics and prebiotics. In order to accomplish this objective, a verified online questionnaire was used with a five-point Likert scale and distributed using an online platform (Google Forms). A cross-sectional research, non-probability sampling was implemented, and G*Power statistical power analysis was used to estimate a sample size of 385 participants. A total of 408 replies were gathered. The population under study consisted of residents in the UAE between the ages of 18 to 64 years old, excluding populations under the age of 18 and those living outside the UAE. A total of 392 participants met the criteria for inclusion in this study. The research ethics committees of UAE University granted the study approval (ERSC_2024_4359), and the validity of the findings was confirmed through face-to-face interviews with around 50 individuals and a Cronbach's alpha test with result of 0.84. The statistical software SPSS version 29.0 for Mac OS was utilized to examine the relationships between KAP variables, including Chi-square tests and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The tests were selected based on their capacity to handle categorical and continuous data, respectively. The female population was 85.2% of the total, while the male population accounts for 14.8%. The age distribution of participants shows that the largest proportion, 68.4%, falls within the 18-24 age range. Out of the participants, 61.5% held a bachelor's degree. Most of the participants, 56.4%, were students, while 29.1% were employees. The average results indicate a significant inclination towards probiotics and prebiotics, as demonstrated by the scores above the midpoint for the six knowledge questions (M = 2.70), six attitude questions (M = 3.10), and six practice questions (M = 3.04). Several studies have examined this phenomenon; however, additional research comparing individuals in the UAE is necessary to fully comprehend the influence of KAP on the consumption of probiotics and prebiotics in the UAE.

A Psychiatry Clerkship Orientation Based on Bite-Sized Teaching and Chalk Talks.

Chalk talks are a subtype of bite-sized teaching with potential benefits over conventional teaching methods, including their use of visuals, adaptability, and potential to be more engaging. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an orientation curriculum for medical students during the psychiatry clerkship based on bite-sized teaching and chalk talks. A series of brief (10min) lectures were developed covering fundamental skills in psychiatry, including psychiatric interview, mental status exam, and differential diagnosis. Talks were presented to medical students by the study author on the first day of their psychiatry clerkship in 60-min group educational sessions with 10-15 students per group. Data was gathered in pre- and post-session surveys that measured response to 4 knowledge-based questions on mental status exam terminology, 3 questions assessing confidence in completing skills associated with the talks, and 3 questions assessing beliefs regarding these skills. Fifty-six medical students participated in the educational sessions and completed pre- and post-session surveys. Students showed significant improvement from pre- to post-session in answering knowledge questions and perceived confidence in all skills, and indicated significant change in their beliefs regarding these topics. Although this is a small study without a control group, the results provide initial evidence that approaches to teaching foundational psychiatry topics based on bite-sized teaching and chalk talks may be an acceptable and more time-efficient alternative to a traditional lecture-based curriculum, and can produce significant changes in knowledge and attitudes.

Attention-based RNN with question-aware loss and multi-level copying mechanism for natural answer generation

Natural answer generation is in a very clear practical significance and strong application background, which can be widely used in the field of knowledge services such as community question answering and intelligent customer service. Traditional knowledge question answering is to provide precise answer entities and neglect the defects; namely, users hope to receive a complete natural answer. In this research, we propose a novel attention-based recurrent neural network for natural answer generation, which is enhanced with multi-level copying mechanisms and question-aware loss. To generate natural answers that conform to grammar, we leverage multi-level copying mechanisms and the prediction mechanism which can copy semantic units and predict common words. Moreover, considering the problem that the generated natural answer does not match the user question, question-aware loss is introduced to make the generated target answer sequences correspond to the question. Experiments on three response generation tasks show our model to be superior in quality while being more parallelizable and requiring significantly less time to train. Our model achieves 0.727 BLEU on the SimpleQuestions response generation task, improving over the existing best results by over 0.007 BLEU. Our model has scored a significant enhancement on naturalness with up to 0.05 more than best performing baseline. The simulation results show that our method can generate grammatical and contextual natural answers according to user needs.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE FACTUAL, CONCEPTUAL AND PROSEDURAL QUESTIONS ON THE MOVING MATERIALS OF CLASS VIII SMP

The students' knowledge of Physics Science material, especially in the subject of the motion of objects, is still below the expected KKM standard. Motion material is the basis or prerequisite for understanding further science material related to object motion material in class VIII to class IX. So far, there has never been an assessment related to the abilities of students' knowledge dimensions. This research focuses on assessing faktual, konseptual and prosedural knowledge according to the IC issued by the Ministry of Education and Culture. This type of research is development research using the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. The purpose of this research is to describe the process of developing factual, conceptual and prosedural knowledge questions and to find out the dimensions of students' knowledge on the material motion of objects. The data obtained in this research is in the form of qualitative and quantitative data. Empirical validity analysis of 14 multiple-choice items and essays yielded the characteristics of the questions consisting of validity of 13 (92.8%) valid items, reliability of items with Cronbach's alpha 0.630 on 8 multiple-choice items and Cronbach's alpha 0.638 on 5 essay items greater than the r table value of 0.6, the level of difficulty is 64,3% items with moderate criteria, the discriminating power is 28,57% very good, 28,57% good questions, and 28,57% sufficient.

Pengembangan Modul Cetak Pengolahan Sampah Basah Berbantuan Maggot BSF dan Efektivitasnya dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Lingkungan Siswa

The environment is defined as a set of aspects in the form of physical, chemical and biological as well as social factors that have a direct or indirect relationship to living things and human activities in the short and long term. However, the environment can experience various problems, one example is environmental damage by causing waste in the environment. One of the reasons for the waste generated by the community is their lack of knowledge about the environment. It was proven in preliminary research at SMA Negeri 11 Pinrang, the results of the initial analysis using students' environmental knowledge questions were still low with an overall result of 43.73. These results indicate that there are still many students who do not know environmental topics and problems, especially waste and its processing, so they are lazy about disposing of waste according to the server and processing the waste, especially wet waste. This research is development research referring to Plomp and Nieven's development design and conducting a quasi-experiment using the PjBL model in class X at SMA Negeri 11 Pinrang. The research results show that the printed module has a practicality value of 91.1% in the very practical category so it is suitable for use in the learning process. The average pretest result for the experimental class was 50.8 in the low category after learning using printed modules and the PjBL model and the posttest was 88 in the very high category and experienced an increase of 37.2%. The average pretest result for the control class was 44.26 in the low category after learning only using the PjBL model and the posttest was 79.6 in the high category and experienced an increase of 35.34%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the printed module is practical and effective in the experimental class with an N-Gain value of 0.75.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare workers on isoniazid preventive treatment in Tanzania; a health facility-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern globally, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. In Tanzania, the co-occurrence of TB and HIV poses a substantial challenge to healthcare systems. Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) has become an important intervention to mitigate the risk of TB infection among individuals living with HIV. Despite its proven efficacy, the extent of knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Tanzania is not well-documented. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding IPT among healthcare workers.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among healthcare workers working at TB/HIV clinics in 12 regions of Tanzania mainland. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the respondents consisting of social demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice questions. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14.0.ResultsA total of 464 respondents were interviewed, with 282 (60.8%) being female. The mean age was 36.4 years (SD = 11.0). Among the interviewed, 255 (55.0%) were nurses. Regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice on IPT, 217 (46.8%), 220 (47.0%), and 422 (90.9%) respondents respectively demonstrated adequacy in these domains. Factors such as gender, university education, professional role in healthcare practice, cumulative work experience of one year or more, tenure at a TB/HIV clinic of one year or longer, and attendance at IPT-related training emerged as significant determinants. These factors influence respondents' knowledge, attitude, and practice towards IPT.ConclusionThe findings underscored a notable knowledge gap and a less favourable attitude towards IPT among HCWs, despite commendable practices. Addressing this disparity through targeted training interventions for healthcare workers holds promise for enhancing their understanding and attitude toward IPT, thereby fostering increased acceptance and utilization of this preventive therapy.

Knowledge and attitudes regarding pressure injuries among assistant nurses in a clinical context.

This study aimed to evaluate assistant nurses' knowledge of and attitudes towards pressure injuries in a clinical setting. It employed a cross-sectional design, using two validated surveys: PUKAT 2.0 and APUP, alongside open-ended questions. A convenience sample of 88 assistant nurses from five wards across two departments at a 600-bed university hospital in Sweden participated. Participants answered the questionnaire and open-ended questions, followed by a learning seminar led by the study leader covering PUKAT 2.0 knowledge questions. The seminar ended with an evaluation of this training approach. Results revealed a significant knowledge gap in pressure injury prevention among assistant nurses, with a mean PUKAT 2.0 knowledge score of 33.8 and a standard deviation of ±11.7 (a score of 60 is deemed satisfactory). Only 3.4% (n = 3) of participants achieved a satisfactory knowledge score. However, attitudes towards pressure injury prevention, assessed by the APUP tool, were generally positive among the majority of the participants. Open-ended questions and evaluations of the seminar showed assistant nurses' desire for pressure injury prevention training and their appreciation for the seminar format. Further studies need to evaluate recurrent training procedures and departmental strategies aimed at reducing the knowledge gap among healthcare staff.

Трансцендентально-трансцендентный дуализм материального бытия

The article presents a new materialistic interpretation of transcendental and transcendent knowledge, revealing the dualism inherent in material being. It proposes definitions of transcendental and transcendent knowledge based on the fundamental questions they address. To achieve the research goal of answering these questions and elucidating the dualism of material being, the author provides an analytical examination of metaphysics, including the relationship between metaphysics and ontology, the sequence of the construction of metaphysics by “pure reason” on the basis of a consistent definition of the primary properties of being, and assesses the possibility of verification of metaphysical knowledge. Particular attention in the study is paid to the search for answers to private questions of transcendent knowledge on the basis of the proposed self-evident principles: existence, non-alternativity and difference. Consequently, questions related to various primary properties of being are examined. As a result, the limits of variability of transcendent knowledge are revealed. A new approach to verifying transcendental knowledge based on transcendental knowledge is proposed, with the admissibility of such verification being argued. In conclusion, the content of the transcendental-transcendent dualism of material existence is formulated, encompassing the simultaneous conception of being as realization and as a variant of realization of multibeing.

ChatENT: Augmented Large Language Model for Expert Knowledge Retrieval in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

The recent surge in popularity of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, has showcased their proficiency in medical examinations and potential applications in health care. However, LLMs possess inherent limitations, including inconsistent accuracy, specific prompting requirements, and the risk of generating harmful hallucinations. A domain-specific model might address these limitations effectively. Developmental design. Virtual. Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) relevant data were systematically gathered from open-access Internet sources and indexed into a knowledge database. We leveraged Retrieval-Augmented Language Modeling to recall this information and utilized it for pretraining, which was then integrated into ChatGPT4.0, creating an OHNS-specific knowledge question & answer platform known as ChatENT. The model is further tested on different types of questions. ChatENT showed enhanced performance in the analysis and interpretation of OHNS information, outperforming ChatGPT4.0 in both the Canadian Royal College OHNS sample examination questions challenge and the US board practice questions challenge, with a 58.4% and 26.0% error reduction, respectively. ChatENT generated fewer hallucinations and demonstrated greater consistency. To the best of our knowledge, ChatENT is the first specialty-specific knowledge retrieval artificial intelligence inthe medical field that utilizes the latest LLM. It appears to have considerable promise in areas such as medical education, patient education, and clinical decision support. The model has demonstrated the capacity to overcome the limitations of existing LLMs, thereby signaling a future of more precise, safe, and user-friendly applications in the realm of OHNS and other medical fields.

The Nature of Knowledge in Plato’s Philosophy: A Study of Episteme and Doxa

The question of knowledge, which has always been mistaken for erroneous knowledge, is one of the most contentious discussions in the history of philosophy. One of the most well-known philosophers of antiquity, Plato contributed much to setting a benchmark for knowledge. Based on several of Plato's dialogues that inquire about the possibility of genuine knowledge, this article seeks to investigate the difference between true and false knowledge. Plato examined two standards for knowing in accordance with Parmenides' well-known claim that knowledge belongs to beings and not to non-beings. First, knowledge is associated with veracity. Second, there needs to be perfect knowledge. Additionally, he demonstrates that actual knowledge is distinct from sense perception and needs to be unified through the use of the dialectic method, a unique Socratic and Platonic debating technique. These dialogues highlight the differences between real and incorrect knowledge, citing traits like stability and infallibility. This study suggests that one of the best strategies we have to combat erroneous information or what is referred to as inaccurate knowledge nowadays is to use Plato's dialogues as a foundation upon which we can challenge any belief that purports to be real knowledge.

Parents' Awareness of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology in Poland and Ukraine.

There has been a decline in vaccine-related confidence in Ukraine over the past few years, resulting in high rates of infectious diseases. Due to the arrival of a large number of refugees in Poland following the outbreak of war in Ukraine in February 2022, the risk of infectious diseases in Poland among children and adults has increased. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between parents' knowledge of the epidemiological situation of infectious diseases in Poland and Ukraine and socio-demographic factors and their attitudes towards vaccination. A cross-sectional survey study was designed. Data were collected through an online questionnaire between November 2022 and January 2023, where the inclusion criteria was having a child under 18 years of age. Study participants' stratification was based on responses to seven knowledge questions; those who answered all questions correctly were allocated to group 1, and the others to group 2 for further analysis. A total of 547 parents were included. Their median age was 34 years [IQR: 31-39]. There were 233 (42.60%) participants who answered all the knowledge questions correctly. Respondents from group 1 were older (p = 0.033), were more likely to be in favor of recommended vaccination (p = 0.040), to be vaccinated with four doses against SARS-CoV-2 (p = 0.014), to have their children vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (p < 0.001), and to believe that the influx of migrants from Ukraine would increase the incidence rate of infectious diseases in Poland in the future (p < 0.001). They also declared awareness of the impact of migration on the epidemiological situation in Poland (p < 0.001) more often. According to the logistic regression model, older parents (OR = 1.31, p = 0.029), those who were willing to receive additional vaccinations due to migration (OR = 4.29, p = 0.003), those who were aware of the impact of migration on the epidemiological situation (OR = 2.38, p < 0.001), and those who believed that migration would have affected the incidence rate of infectious diseases in Poland (OR = 2.28, p = 0.003) were significantly more likely to belong to group 1. However, parents who were willing to vaccinate their children with additional vaccinations due to migration were significantly less likely to answer all the questions correctly (OR = 0.21, p = 0.002). Awareness of the epidemiological situation in Poland and Ukraine among parents is related to a greater awareness of the impact of migration and the use of recommended vaccinations and those against SARS-CoV-2. Additional vaccinations should be further promoted among both Poles and migrants.

Sued, Subpoenaed or Sworn in: Use of a Flipped-Classroom Style Medicolegal Workshop for Emergency Medicine Residents.

It is an unfortunate truth that Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians will, at some point, have contact with the medicolegal system. However, most EM residency training programs lack education on the legal system in their curriculum, leaving EM physicians unprepared for litigation. To fill this gap, we designed a high-yield and succinct medical legal workshop highlighting legal issues commonly encountered by EM physicians. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of this curriculum by measuring pre and post knowledge questions. A two-hour session included a case-based discussion of common misconceptions held by physicians about the legal system, proper steps when interacting with the legal system and review of legal documents. This session was developed with the involvement of our hospital legal counsel and discussed real encounters. The effectiveness of the session was determined using pre- and post-session surveys assessing participant knowledge and comfort approaching the scenarios. A total of 34 EM residents had the opportunity to complete this workshop as a part of their conference curriculum. A total of 26 participants completed the pre-survey and 19 participants completed the post-survey. No participants had previous training in the legal aspects of medicine, including handling a subpoena, serving as a witness, or giving a deposition. The pre-survey demonstrated that there was significant uncertainty surrounding the processes, definitions, and the legal system interaction. Many participants stated they would not know what to do if they received a subpoena (85.71%), were called as a witness in a trial (96.43%) or receive correspondence from a lawyer (96.43%). The post survey revealed an increased knowledge base and confidence following the session. 100% of residents reported knowing what to do after receiving a subpoena, being called as a witness and understanding the process involved in giving a deposition. All residents reported that the session was beneficial and provided crucial information. EM residents have limited baseline understanding of how to approach common legal scenarios. Educational materials available for this curriculum topic are limited. Based on the rapid knowledge increase observed in our residents, we believe our workshop could be adapted for use at other residency programs.

Perceptions of a sustainable diet among young adults

We sought to gain a more holistic understanding of young adults’ knowledge and perceptions around sustainable diets using a mixed methods online survey of 500 young adults (18–25 yrs.). Variables measured included food choice motivators (6-point importance scale), knowledge (ranking of efficacy of sustainable dietary behaviours), and several open-ended questions (responses assessed using inductive coding). Results show that environmental and health dimensions of sustainability are most salient for young adults. Decreasing food waste and consuming local and seasonal produce were rated as the most important behaviours for promoting a sustainable diet, while reducing consumption of sugary drinks, and reducing dairy consumption were rated as the least important. Cost was cited as the most important barrier to engaging in a sustainable diet. Young adults’ knowledge around sustainable diets is mixed, but sustainability is an important motivator in their dietary choices. Results inform education and communication strategies that seek to mobilise young adults to make sustainable dietary decisions.

Knowledge and attitude regarding obstructive sleep apnoea among medical and dental practitioners working in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia: A comparative cross-sectional study.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a temporary airflow obstruction during periods of sleep. Patients with OSA often suffer from poor work performance, compromised sleep quality, and low quality of life which may lead to a life-threatening event. Adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward OSA among medical and dental practitioners are crucial to the initial diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify the differences in knowledge and attitude toward OSA between medical and dental practitioners working in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. A comparative cross-sectional study was performed from February 2020 to February 2021. A total of fifty-two medical practitioners and fifty-two dental practitioners working at university-based outpatient clinics, government health clinics, and oral health clinics located in Kelantan State of Malaysia participated in the study, and data were collected by the structured questionnaire including sociodemographic inquiry and OSAKA questionnaire by non-probability stratified random sampling. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare knowledge and attitude scores between the two groups. The mean age of the respondents was 34.6 years. The current study shows that 92.3% of medical doctors and 96.1% of dental doctors were able to correctly answer the question "Most of the patients with OSA snore" a significant finding in our study. Only 1% of medical professionals could answer seventeen questions correctly with a median score of 11, and only 1% of dental professionals could answer sixteen questions correctly with a median score of 9. None of them could provide an accurate answer to all the knowledge questions. Medical and dental practitioners exhibited different knowledge levels on OSA (z- statistics=-4.39, U = 827.00 with p < 0.05, and effect size, r = 0.61). However, no significant differences were found in total knowledge score by gender (p-value>0.05), ethnicity (p-value>0.05), total service years (p-value>0.05), and training attended. In addition, significant differences in attitude levels between medical and dental practitioners have been observed (z-statistics=-3.42, U = 725.00 with p < 0.05, and effect size, r = 0.47). Nevertheless, no significant differences have been seen in total attitude score by ethnicity (p-value > 0.05), total service years (p-value > 0.05), attending training on OSA (p-value > 0.05), and professional status (p-value > 0.05) except gender (p-value < 0.05). A Significant difference is evident concerning knowledge and attitude toward OSA diagnosis and management between medical and dental practitioners working in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Medical practitioners in this study recorded a higher knowledge and attitude score compared to dental practitioners.

Based on BERT-wwm for Agricultural Named Entity Recognition

With the continuous advancement of information technology in the agricultural field, a large amount of unstructured agricultural textual information has been generated. This information is crucial for supporting the development of smart agriculture, making the application of named entity recognition in the agricultural field more urgent. In order to enhance the accuracy of agricultural entity recognition, this study utilizes the pre-trained BERT-wwm model for word embedding into the text. Additionally, a channel attention mechanism (CA) is introduced in the BILSTM-CRF downstream feature extraction network to comprehensively capture the contextual features of the text. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the performance of named entity recognition, with increased accuracy, recall, and F1 value. The successful implementation of this method provides reliable support for downstream tasks such as agricultural knowledge graph construction and question and answer systems and establishes a foundation for better understanding and utilization of agricultural textual information.

Pelatihan Cara Deteksi Dini Gigi Berlubang, Gigi Berjejal, dan Kelainan dalam Mulut pada Komunitas Orang Tua dan Guru Playgoup dan TK Al-Alaq di Jatibening

The first 5 years of a child's development stage is a golden period in a child's growth and development period. Children's dental and oral health is very important, because the mouth is the first gate in the human digestive system. Parents' knowledge regarding dental and oral hygiene and health is the basis for forming children's behavior in maintaining children's oral and dental hygiene. Parents need to be provided with adequate knowledge on how to do an early detection of cavities, crowding of teeth, and abnormalities in the mouth as a form of prevention against tooth decay in children in the home environment. Community Service (PkM) was carried out online via Zoom Meeting on Friday 1 July 2022, and was attended by 37 people including teachers, staff and parents of students from Playgoup School and Kindergarten Al-Alaq Jatibening. The material provided is in the form of early detection of tooth decay, how to check oral health at home, how to detect crowding of teeth early, soft tissue disorders in the form of ppt, e-flyer and video. Measure success by completing a pre-test and post-test consisting of 17 knowledge questions related to the topic presented. It was found that participants' knowledge increased by 31%. The results obtained from this activity are very good with partners who are willing to carry out PkM activities on an ongoing basis.