Organizational Knowledge Research Articles

Single-cell RNA sequencing in stroke and traumatic brain injury: Current achievements, challenges, and future perspectives on transcriptomic profiling.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a high-throughput transcriptomic approach with the power to identify rare cells, discover new cellular subclusters, and describe novel genes. scRNA-seq can simultaneously reveal dynamic shifts in cellular phenotypes and heterogeneities in cellular subtypes. Since the publication of the first protocol on scRNA-seq in 2009, this evolving technology has continued to improve, through the use of cell-specific barcodes, adoption of droplet-based systems, and development of advanced computational methods. Despite induction of the cellular stress response during the tissue dissociation process, scRNA-seq remains a popular technology, and commercially available scRNA-seq methods have been applied to the brain. Recent advances in spatial transcriptomics now allow the researcher to capture the positional context of transcriptional activity, strengthening our knowledge of cellular organization and cell-cell interactions in spatially intact tissues. A combination of spatial transcriptomic data with proteomic, metabolomic, or chromatin accessibility data is a promising direction for future research. Herein, we provide an overview of the workflow, data analyses methods, and pros and cons of scRNA-seq technology. We also summarize the latest achievements of scRNA-seq in stroke and acute traumatic brain injury, and describe future applications of scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics.

Evolución histórica de la catalogación a través del tiempo

The article examines the evolution of cataloging from ancient Sumerian tablets to current standards in the contemporary digital age. The relevance of structuring and classifying knowledge is highlighted in order to expide access and retrieval of information optimally. The milestones and key figures that have shaped the organization of knowledge over the centuries are analyzed, as well as the theoretical and practical currents that have influenced the development of cataloging regulations. The continuous evolution of cataloging procedures is highlighted, from the first book inventories to the adoption of contemporary standards such as RDA and conceptual models such as FRBR and FRAD. Likewise, the incorporation of technological advances such as the MARC 21 format and the implementation of linked data are mentioned, which have expanded search and discovery capabilities. The article emphasizes the importance of standardization and the processing of information in today's digital world.

The effects of employee turnover on the loss of organisational knowledge in South African municipalities

Employee turnover poses a significant challenge for South African municipalities, particularly for retaining tacit organisational knowledge. Therefore, this study assessed how employee turnover impacts organisational tacit knowledge retention in South African municipalities. The study uses secondary data analysis to examine employee turnover in critical positions in various municipalities in South Africa, such as senior management and those earmarked as scarce skills. The findings of this study show that employee turnover significantly negatively impacts tacit organisational knowledge. The findings further revealed that turnover exacerbates the retention of the organisational knowledge gap within municipalities, often leading to diminished service quality and increased operational costs such as recruitment and use of service consultants. Furthermore, the study highlights the gap between rhetoric (policies) and actual practice (implementation) in addressing the issues of service quality and operational costs, noting that existing retention strategies and knowledge management approaches often need to be revised. Questioning the effectiveness of retention strategies, the paper suggests that municipalities require more proactive and innovative approaches to manage turnover and organisational tactical knowledge retention to enhance public service delivery continuity and organisational sustainability. Furthermore, municipalities should integrate retention strategies such as succession planning, continuous training, leadership, and mentorship programmes into a broader municipal governance framework.

Knowledge management as a strategic resource for organizational development

Relevance. Transformation processes in the modern economic environment are characterized as highly dynamic with accelerating rates at both the micro and macro levels of economic systems. The speed of transformations is constantly growing, making competition increasingly tough and forcing business entities to adapt to new business conditions. In these conditions, the formation of a knowledge management system as continuous management of an organization can become a useful tool and a key to acquiring competitive advantages for an organization.The purpose of the work is to determine the role of knowledge management as an important resource and a key factor in the economic success of an organization, allowing it to adapt to new business conditions.Objectives: to reveal the essence of knowledge management in organizations; to highlight the main problems associated with the need to identify and manage the organization's knowledge.Methodology. The following methods were used to solve the research objectives: process-functional, methods of analysis and synthesis, the concept of management effectiveness - to improve the methodological approach to assessing knowledge management in an organization, identifying areas for increasing the effectiveness of using knowledge in business processes; theoretical generalization - to identify the types of enterprise knowledge.Results. Knowledge management in an organization is a way to make a profit and ensure competitiveness in the long term. The introduction of the knowledge management concept into the enterprise management process has a multifaceted applied significance, which lays the objective prerequisites for acquiring sustainable competitive advantages in market conditions. management.Conclusions. The role of knowledge management is substantiated based on the thesis "knowledge is the main resource of economic development in modern conditions", which made it possible to establish the need for the formation and effective implementation of intellectual capital (education, science, professional training, development of creativity, innovation). It is proven that the results of using the organization's knowledge are innovative products and technologies, strategic competence and competitive advantages in the market, new organizational models of cooperation, accumulation and transfer of experience.

Knowledge Management and Employee Performance in the Information Technology Sector

Background: Knowledge management involves the identification, gathering, and organization of both explicit knowledge, such as documents and procedures, and tacit knowledge, including the skills and experience of individuals within an organization. Information technology is a knowledge-intensive industry, so knowledge management is crucial for employee performance. Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the status of knowledge management practices within the IT sector, specifically knowledge creation, sharing, retention, and actionable knowledge support, and their influence on employee performance. Methods: This adopts a descriptive and explanatory research design. Purposively, it considered 310 employees working in IT companies in Nepal; 303 responses were considered for analysis. A questionnaire survey measured knowledge management with 27 items and employee (task) performance with six items. The study adopted PLS-SEM to analyze the data. Results: This study found that actionable knowledge support, knowledge sharing, and knowledge retention emerged as the primary influencers of employee performance within the IT sector. Specifically, active involvement in knowledge-sharing and retention contributes to employee performance. Among the factors, actionable knowledge support is vital for employee performance. However, a relationship between knowledge creation and performance was not found. Conclusion: This study helps improve our understanding of IT knowledge management dynamics in developing countries like Nepal, based on knowledge creation, sharing, retention, and actionable knowledge support. Future research on knowledge dynamics and performance may build on these findings. The knowledge-intensive nature of the IT sector affects employee performance. These findings could lay the groundwork for future research on knowledge dynamics and performance in this industry.

Cortico-cortical connectivity of the somatosensory cortex of the agouti: Topographical organization and evolutionary implications.

Understanding patterns of cortico-cortical connections in both frequently and infrequently studied species advances our knowledge of cortical organization and evolution. The agouti (Dasyprocta aguti, a medium-size South American rodent) offers a unique opportunity, because of its large lissencephalic brain and its natural behaviors, such as gnawing and hiding seeds, that require bimanual interaction while sitting on its hindlimbs and aligning its head to receive images of the horizon on the retinal visual streak. There have been no previous studies of the intrinsic and extrinsic ipsilateral projections of the agouti's primary somatosensory cortical area (S1). In the present study, we utilized biotinylated dextran (BDA) anatomical tract-tracer injections combined with microelectrode electrophysiological mapping, correlated with analysis of cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemical staining, to investigate the ipsilateral corticocortical connectivity of the agouti's S1. By injecting BDA into electrophysiologically identified regions within the S1, we revealed ipsilateral intrinsic connections, as well as connections with cortical areas rostral and caudal to S1, and homotopic labeling in the second somatosensory cortical area (S2). In addition, we identified a focal cluster of labeled axons and axonal terminals adjacent to the rhinal fissure, tentatively named the parietal rhinal area (PR). The analysis of CO reactivity allowed delineation of the boundaries and subdivisions of S1, as well as the locations and limits of primary auditory and visual areas. These findings provide support for the notion of a similar pattern of somatosensory cortical organization and connectivity across mammalian species.

An Analysis of Knowledge Management Changes Through Artificial Intelligence with Probst's Model

In recent years, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Knowledge Management (KM) has led to transformational changes. These changes have significantly enhanced traditional KM processes. To identify how AI technologies improve and reshape knowledge processes, this study conducted a systematic literature review. The review identified AI technologies suitable for each of Probst's building blocks, which outline the eight central KM processes. The research reveals a wide range of AI technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing and chatbots such as ChatGPT. These technologies can be applied in different domains and introduce innovative approaches to improve KM processes. Based on the AI technologies analysed, this study proposes a four-stage model to support the documentation and application of best practices and lessons learned. The model is designed to enhance the knowledge development process and aims to document and secure key project developments in the long term. A further objective was to analyse which KM process is most affected by chatbots. The findings indicate that chatbots have the potential to transform the use of knowledge in organisations. They act as facilitators by breaking down existing barriers, foster an open culture of knowledge sharing, streamline workflows and increase the accessibility of knowledge. The study also examines the broader changes that AI will bring to KM and forecasts the sixth generation of KM. It draws on Bencsik's (2021) evolutionary and revolutionary perspectives that specifically forecast this next generation. The study shows that AI not only enhances existing KM processes but also has the potential to fundamentally disrupt traditional methods and approaches. These findings underline the need for future research to explore the effective integration and scalability of AI technologies in real-world KM environments. This will help ensure that their long term impact and potential benefits are fully understood across different industries and organisational contexts.

Systems of knowledge organizing in philological information resources

The concept of knowledge organization system (Knowledge Organization System, KOS) is introduced and discussed in this article. Approaches to the typology of KOS are considered. The BARTOC database is analyzed, containing the most complete list of KOS, including more than 130 philological KOS. Philological KOS related to the following types are described: authority lists, terminologies and glossaries, hierarchical classifications, metadata systems, thesauri, ontologies, as well as some unique KOS. Russian philological KOS are considered separately. It is proposed to create a database of Russian philological KOS, as a component of the infrastructure of the Russian scientific and scholarly information space.

The specifics of knowledge transfer in franchising. The case of a beauty salon

The transition from a direct sales business model to a franchise model requires a review of the company’s strategy, structure and key business processes. One of the key tasks for the company’s management is knowledge management, which plays an important role in ensuring its competitiveness. Changing the business model involves alterations in the value chain and organizational structure of the company in the context of franchising.This study focuses on the business format franchise, where the management company not only transfers the right to a product and service, but also provides a complete business format, including a marketing strategy, quality standards, and a set of organizational knowledge about the specifics of providing services. Using the example of the 4hands manicure and pedicure salon network, practical aspects of transformation are demonstrated, such as the transfer of operational functions to franchisees and difficulties in communication within the network. The importance of effective knowledge transfer is emphasized as one of the factors of sustainable growth of the franchise network. Knowledge is also considered as a strategic resource that provides a competitive advantage of the company, which is confirmed by the analysis of the VRIO model.

Knowledge of hand hygiene and evaluation of hand washing technique among nurses at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital

BackgroundHealthcare worker’s hands are route for cross-transmission of potentially harmful germs between patients in a healthcare facility. As hand washing is an established cost-effective measure for infection control, hand hygiene knowledge and compliance with the recommended steps are essential to control healthcare-associated infections (HCAI). We assessed the knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among nurses at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out from 14th September to 24th December 2023 on all consenting nurses in UNTH. A modified World Health Organization (WHO) knowledge questionnaire structured to collect demographics and assess hand hygiene knowledge expressed as good(> 75%), moderately good(50–74%) and poor(< 50%) knowledge. Duration to completion of hand washing was timed while Glo germ gel with ultraviolet lamp were used to assess effectiveness of hand washing. Ineffective hand washing was graded as fair, poor, or very poor. The WHO checklist was used to assess steps in hand washing technique performed.ResultA total of 395 nurses participated in the study (mean age and standard deviation, 41.40 ± 8.82 years). Most were females (93.2%), married (80.8%), and functioned in the surgery department (38.5%). Moderately good knowledge of hand hygiene was demonstrated by 58.2% while effective hand washing occurred in 29.2% of them. Steps of hand washing technique most frequently missed were the use of towel to turn off faucet (94.3%), rubbing backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked (89.8%), and wetting hands with water before applying soap(55.9%). Zones of hands not adequately washed were mainly the fingernails and perimeter of fingernails (38.4%), the palm (28.6%), and the dorsum of hand (22.9%). There was no significant difference in hand hygiene knowledge and effective hand washing across the different age groups, sex, nursing cadre, educational qualifications, and departments.ConclusionNurses at the UNTH had fair hand hygiene knowledge with the majority demonstrating ineffective hand washing; a finding suggesting sub-optimal infection prevention and control. Periodic hand hygiene training targeting nurses and other health personnel engaged in patient care while emphasizing frequently missed areas is paramount to improving hand hygiene knowledge and effectiveness.Clinical Trial NumberNot applicable.

The influence of environmental factors on knowledge management and innovation capacity

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between environmental factors, Knowledge Management (KM), absorptive capacity, KM maturity level, and innovation capacity. This research used a descriptive survey of the field and was carried out from a quantitative perspective through an online questionnaire. Then, a multivariate exploratory factorial analysis was carried out, which was followed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to identify and verify significant relationships, both analyses were done using Partial Least Squares (PLS). The PLS-SEM results indicated a high level of significance in the relationship between the organizational environment and KM and innovation capacity respectively. Regarding the hypotheses posed by the research model, positive influences were found in the relationships between environmental factors and knowledge transfer, knowledge transfer and maturity level, as well as maturing level and innovation capacity. Hypotheses involving absorptive capacity were also confirmed. The research framework highlights factors that impact KM and assist in their practical application to reach a high level of knowledge maturity, thus conferring a constant strategic advantage in terms of innovation capacity. A model including organizational environment, knowledge transfer, absorptive capacity, knowledge maturity, and innovation capacity has never before been tested to the best of our knowledge. As for implications for the private sector, this study illuminates how these factors are related, influence each other, and contribute to increasing KM maturity and innovation capacity within a company.

Globality Without Mobility: Ephemera, 1830s–1860s

Abstract: Histories of the nineteenth-century world often emphasize movements, connections, and linear paths toward uniformity. It is, however, possible to tell a global history of the nineteenth century that features sessile, globally disconnected actors; scarcely valuable commodities; and convergences that ended. Such is the case with the commercial publishers of late-Tokugawa Japan and the disaster lists they designed before the “opening” of the country in 1868. Disaster lists responded to seismic shifts that were both local and global: the rise of a market for organized knowledge and the formation of new ways of seeing. Their blend of survey and spectacle links Japanese printers to publishers in Europe, North America, and Mexico. Wholly unrestricted by the imperatives of movement and connectivity, disaster lists still trace the contours of a world in transformation. They also heed the call to look at globalization from the bottom up and from non-Eurocentric, non-West-centric, non-macro perspectives.

Exploring the effect of transformational leadership and knowledge management in enhancing innovative performance: a mediating role of innovation capability

PurposeIn the highly competitive sector of state-owned enterprises in Indonesia, particularly within the electricity group, innovation is crucial for sustainability and growth. This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership and knowledge management on innovation performance, emphasizing the mediating role of innovation capability.Design/methodology/approachEmploying a quantitative approach, this research focuses on the upper management of 11 companies, gathering data from 196 out of 280 surveyed individuals through structured questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized for analysis.FindingsOur analysis reveals a dual role of transformational leadership; while it significantly enhances innovation capability, it unexpectedly detracts from innovation performance. Conversely, knowledge management boosts both innovation capability and performance. Significantly, innovation capability serves as a crucial mediator, amplifying the effects of both transformational leadership and knowledge management on innovation performance. These results highlight complex interdependencies within organizational leadership and knowledge frameworks.Practical implicationsThese findings can guide organizations in refining leadership and knowledge management strategies to bolster innovation. By enhancing transformational leadership skills, implementing robust knowledge management systems and fostering innovation capabilities, companies can better navigate the complexities of the modern market. The adaptation of these strategies should consider specific organizational cultures and market dynamics to optimize performance.Originality/valueThis research extends the resource-based view (RBV) by detailing the interplay between key organizational variables, offering fresh insights into their collective impact on innovation within the context of state-owned enterprises in Indonesia.

Análise Crítica dos Modelos de Maturidade da Gestão do Conhecimento

Assuming that organizations need to identify their knowledge management maturity levels before implementing such management, this study aims to critically analyze the main knowledge management maturity models found in the Information Science literature. The goal is to contribute to the selection of the most suitable maturity model for each organization at a given moment. To this end, the guiding concepts of knowledge management are presented, with emphasis on maturity models, which are tools used to evaluate existing knowledge management activities within an organization. As a methodology, a bibliographic review was conducted on the concepts under study, allowing the identification of the main maturity models to be analyzed and compared. Regarding the results, it is highlighted that the presentation, analysis, and comparison of the maturity models enable the identification of different contexts in which they should be applied. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the Knowledge Management Maturity Model is recommended when external support is sought; the application of the Organizational Knowledge Assessment tends to be simpler and more straightforward, besides being free of charge; and the model of the Asian Productivity Organization offers a more complex and comprehensive approach, including a well-structured evaluation methodology. Additionally, it is concluded that for organizations to effectively implement knowledge management and benefit from it, they must identify their maturity level in terms of this management. This should be done using a maturity model, and it is further highlighted that among various models, there is one best suited for each organization.

School-Based Health Centers Addressing Health Equity for LGBTQ + Patients (SBHCs HELP): protocol for a stepped-wedge trial to implement innovations promoting structural competency

BackgroundSchool-based health centers (SBHCs) provide vital behavioral, sexual, and reproductive healthcare services to school-aged youth across the United States. Adolescents who are sexual and gender diverse (SGD) are far more likely to suffer from adverse health outcomes than their cisgender and heterosexual peers. Emerging structural competency frameworks call for cultivating capacities in SBHCs to modify organizational service delivery environments, including provider and staff knowledge and behaviors, to influence SGD adolescent well-being. Nationally recognized guidelines for nurturing structural competency include (1) adopting, disseminating, and adhering to SGD supportive policies and procedures; (2) creating welcoming physical environments; (3) systematically documenting and using sexual orientation and gender identity information in clinical care; (4) training all employees in best practices for interacting with SGD patients; and (5) developing the clinical workforce to deliver high-quality services to SGD patients. This community-engaged study will test the effectiveness of the Dynamic Adaptation Process (DAP) in implementing these guidelines in SBHCs in culturally and geographically diverse areas of New Mexico.MethodsWe will conduct mixed-method readiness assessments to identify inner- and outer-context determinants affecting the implementation of structurally competent changes in SBHCs; employ a stepped-wedge trial to examine how the DAP-enabled implementation impacts adoption and changes in SBHC, student (patient), and implementation outcomes; and investigate inner- and outer-context determinants, bridging factors, and associated mediators and moderators influencing implementation processes and outcomes related to guideline adoption and SGD student care (e.g., reduced barriers, greater satisfaction and engagement).DiscussionThis study addresses the long-term goal of high-quality care and decreased health disparities for SGD youth. As investments in SBHCs rise nationwide, opportunities to enhance services for SGD youth will also grow. This study will demonstrate the usefulness of a multifaceted implementation strategy, the DAP, in helping SBHCs build structural competency to serve a sizeable population of students affected by stigmatization, discrimination, and other social forces that create inequities in health. Accordingly, we will advance a model featuring a set of implementation strategies to reduce knowledge and practice gaps, create welcoming environments, and improve the quality of care for SGD youth.Trial registrationISRCTN13844475; 20 September 2024.

Digital Transformation in Family Businesses: An Analysis of Drivers with fsQCA

The digital transformation (DT) encompasses profound technological changes. Businesses face the challenge of adapting their activities to the pace of new technologies to increase the efficiency of business processes, improve the customer experience, and create innovative value propositions while recognizing the importance of sustainability. This research focuses on how family businesses, which are a relevant part of global economic activity and job creation, address the challenges associated with the DT. Based on the case of the automotive retail sector in a small European country characterized by the high acceptance of technologies, we use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to understand how critical success factors (causal conditions) combine towards adopting technologies representing different perspectives of the DT. The results confirm the existence of multiple configurations based on the importance of organizational culture, change management, knowledge, human capital, IT systems, and DT strategy towards the adoption of customer relationship management, digital marketing, and social networks technologies, thus helping family businesses to understand the adoption of these technologies leading to organizational success in the context of the DT.

Essential work, invisible workers: The role of digital curation in COVID‐19 Open Science

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the role digital curation practices and practitioners played in facilitating open science (OS) initiatives amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. In Summer 2023, we conducted a content analysis of available information regarding 50 OS initiatives that emerged—or substantially shifted their focus—between 2020 and 2022 to address COVID‐19 related challenges. Despite growing recognition of the value of digital curation for the organization, dissemination, and preservation of scientific knowledge, our study reveals that digital curatorial work often remains invisible in pandemic OS initiatives. In particular, we find that, even among those initiatives that greatly invested in digital curation work, digital curation is seldom mentioned in mission statements, and little is known about the rationales behind curatorial choices and the individuals responsible for the implementation of curatorial strategies. Given the important yet persistent invisibility of digital curatorial work, we propose a shift in how we conceptualize digital curation from a practice that merely “adds value” to research outputs to a practice of knowledge production. We conclude with reflections on how iSchools can lead in professionalizing the field and offer suggestions for initial steps in that direction.

Performances of Colonial Absurd: Tell Me Something by Ruth Kanner Theatre Group

Abstract This article offers a close reading of Tell Me Something—A Spoken Exhibition by Ruth Kanner Theatre Group and introduces the term “rhizomatic dramaturgy” to describe a performative practice at once based in colonial reality and working toward its dismantling. Rhizomatic dramaturgy exposes how language both props up colonial structures and has the potential to erase or reimagine them. Tell Me Something is a postdramatic work constructed as a series of events with no narrative, thereby precluding any neat organization of knowledge about its venue, Beit Hagefen. Instead, it invites spectators to take part in the deconstruction of the historical-spatial narrative of Beit Hagefen, a municipal institution metonymic of Haifa’s coexistence ethos. The study of curatorial decisions, the relationship between Arabic and ­Hebrew, and the rhizomatic dramaturgy based on ethnographic materials and speech mechanisms—particularly focusing on repetitions and differences—reveals how this hybrid event, through its bare language, embodies performances of the colonial absurd within Haifa’s Beit Hagefen and its environment and offers spectators parodic moments that provoke “shared laughter.”

Library of Congress Subject Headings, Dewey Decimal Classification and the Ambiguity of Subject Representation of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe in American Knowledge Organization Systems

The paper examines the classification and subject representation of the concepts of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe in the context of the knowledge organization, especially historical information, in American research and academic libraries during the Cold War and post-Cold War era. The author argues that classification and subject schemes such as Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) have reflected the concept of the region, generally referred to as Eastern Europe, as an intellectual and political invention, with its historical biases and ambiguous representation. As will be demonstrated, despite the emergence of new nation states and the expansion of the European Union, the concepts of Central and Eastern Europe as separate entities are still alive as if the Cold War’s East-West division had never ended. The paper concludes with the analysis of the latest changes to DDC and LCSH (or lack thereof) to reflect current conditions in the region.

Network for knowledge Organization (NEKO): An AI knowledge mining workflow for synthetic biology research

Large language models (LLMs) can complete general scientific question-and-answer, yet they are constrained by their pretraining cut-off dates and lack the ability to provide specific, cited scientific knowledge. Here, we introduce Network for Knowledge Organization (NEKO), a workflow that uses LLM Qwen to extract knowledge through scientific literature text mining. When user inputs a keyword of interest, NEKO can generate knowledge graphs to link bioinformation entities and produce comprehensive summaries from PubMed search. NEKO significantly enhance LLM ability and has immediate applications in daily academic tasks such as education of young scientists, literature review, paper writing, experiment planning/troubleshooting, and new ideas/hypothesis generation. We exemplified this workflow's applicability through several case studies on yeast fermentation and cyanobacterial biorefinery. NEKO's output is more informative, specific, and actionable than GPT-4's zero-shot Q&A. NEKO offers flexible, lightweight local deployment options. NEKO democratizes artificial intelligence (AI) tools, making scientific foundation model more accessible to researchers without excessive computational power.