Physical Activity Knowledge Research Articles

Edukasi Aktivitas Fisik Pada Ibu Hamil Di Desa Singopuran Melalui Media Audio Visual

Physical activity is any body movements produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure. Physical activity that can affect hemoglobin levels is in severe physical activity. This activity was held on May 26, 2023 at Singopuran Village Hall, Kartasura District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java using audio visuals namely Power Point, X-Banner, and Video of Physical Activity. The results obtained from activities in this community are pregnant women can add insight into the knowledge of physical activity through education using audio visuals namely PPT, X-Banner, and Video of Physical Activity Proven from increasing the evaluation value carried out. The conclusion is that the use of audio visual media has a very good impact in increasing the knowledge of pregnant women about physical activity

Item development and pre-testing of an Osteoarthritis Conceptualisation Questionnaire to assess knowledge and beliefs in people with knee pain.

Many people with osteoarthritis hold beliefs that physical activity is unhelpful or dangerous for their joints, despite high-level evidence suggesting otherwise. Recent advances in scientific understanding of osteoarthritis have led to new treatments that target an individual's understanding both of their condition and the importance of best-practice management strategies, such as physical activity. Conceptual change has been proposed as an important mechanism by which cognitive interventions, such as pain science education, may reduce pain and improve function. There are currently no specific assessments of osteoarthritis conceptualisation to determine the effectiveness of cognitive interventions in effecting conceptual change in people with knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, we aimed to develop an item bank, as the first phase of developing a questionnaire to assess people's conceptualisations about their knee osteoarthritis and the role of physical activity in managing their osteoarthritis. Using a guideline-informed mixed method design, a panel of experts identified domains relevant to conceptualisation about knee osteoarthritis and physical activity (knowledge, beliefs, understanding) based upon available evidence. The panel created 33 provisional items. Qualitative and quantitative pretesting were used to explore how people with knee osteoarthritis understood the provisional items. Eighteen people with knee osteoarthritis completed cognitive interviews about their comprehension of the wording/grammar of each provisional item. The provisional item bank was field tested with 100 people with knee osteoarthritis. Readability was adequate with a Flesch reading ease score of 57.7. Although 14.7% used the 'Strongly agree' response option, only 3.4% of responses used the 'Strongly disagree' option, suggesting possible response bias. Predictive quality testing identified relevant modifications to the questionnaire instructions. The panel of experts appraised the qualitative data to assess whether and how items should be modified to address the problems identified, resulting in a final item bank of 45 items that can be evaluated for psychometric properties in future research.

On the periphery of pedagogical practice in health and physical education (HPE): the importance of self-management skills for physical activity

ABSTRACT The purpose of the article is to discuss, explore and advocate for the importance of self-management skills (cognitive and behavioural) for physical activity in health and physical education (HPE) in relation to the newly revised Australian Curriculum. This conceptual paper is presented as two halves. The first half presents an examination of the contemporary literature around learning about physical activity and fitness knowledge (PAFK). In doing so, I present the importance of physical activity and the role of school physical education in the development of cognitive and behavioural skills and the contribution these can make to HPE curriculum and pedagogy. The second half explores and interrogates the proposed sub-strand Making Active Choices of version 9.0 of the Australian Curriculum: Health and Physical Education (AC: HPE). Here, I explore the literature as well as the proposed aims, rationale, content descriptions/elaborations and focus areas to ask questions of the legitimacy and value of PAFK and the role of self-management skills in contemporary curriculum policy. The contribution is timely, given the imminent development of the revised AC: HPE and its implications on curriculum and pedagogical enactment in primary and secondary schools here in Australia.

O.6.1-1 Knowledge and awareness of physical activity among Irish adolescents: findings from a whole-of-school programme

Abstract Purpose Adolescents are among the least physically active population sub-groups. Adolescence is a key transition period in which physical activity (PA) habits develop and track into adulthood. Knowledge and awareness are key factors of behaviour change. Yet, few adolescents can correctly identify the recommended PA guidelines to achieve health benefits. In Ireland, the second-level Active School Flag (SLASF) programme is an example of a whole-of-school programme (https://activeschoolflag.ie/). This study aimed to examine the change in adolescents’ levels of knowledge and awareness of PA at the beginning at end of year one of a whole-of-school programme. Methods A repeated measures study design with a questionnaire administered in five SLASF schools during Nov 2021 and May 2022 (N = 301, 60.5% male, Mean age=15.5y± 1.82). Items from the determinants of PA questionnaire (DPAQ), health literacy 10-item questionnaire, programme specific variables relating to knowledge and awareness of SLASF, identifying the correct recommended PA guidelines and self-reported moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) were included. A paired t-test or Wilcoxon-signed ranked test were run to determine mean differences over time for DPAQ- knowledge and beliefs about consequences, health literacy, the ability to report the recommended PA guidelines over time and self-reported PA levels. A chi-squared test was used for the programme related categorical variables. Results Adolescents MVPA increased from November (M = 3.82±1.92) to May (M = 3.96±1.9) (t(389) = -1.446, p<.001). There was an improvement in adolescents knowing the reasons for meeting the guidelines (Z= -4.113, p<.001) from Nov (M = 5.05±1.59) to May (M = 4.48±1.89). Furthermore, there was an increased previous awareness of the programme from Nov (M=.63±.67) to May (M=.77±.63) (X2(4, N = 296) = 62.96, p<.001). Participants awareness of the programme leaders in the school increased over time: Staff (M=.35±.48) to (M=.42±.5) (X2(1, N = 197) = 37.7, p<.001), Students (M=.32±.47) to (M=.36±.48) (X2(1, N = 204) = 21.35, p<.001). Conclusions Across the year, participants in SLASF schools became more physically active. Some aspects of knowledge and awareness of both PA and the SLASF programme showed promising improvements however, these participants are in the early stages of the SLASF programme thus, it would be beneficial to observe these changes over a longer period of time.

O.2.1-5 Knowledge, use and confidence in physical activity guidelines and assessment in recently graduated doctors from Irish medical schools: a cross sectional survey

Abstract Purpose Approximately 54% of the adult population in Ireland do not meet National Physical Activity Guidelines. Doctors play a key role in supporting people to be more active but may lack knowledge, skills and confidence to promote physical activity. The aim of this study was to explore knowledge and confidence in relation to physical activity counselling in recent medical graduates in Ireland. Methods Medical doctors who graduated from Irish medical programmes in the past 5 years and currently had patient contact were asked to complete an online survey between April and November 2022. The survey was shared with medical graduates through social media, alumni groups, and relevant professional and social networks. The survey included a minimal number of questions about participant demographics and education, questions relating to participants' knowledge and confidence of physical activity guidelines and counselling, and questions relating to education and training on physical activity. The responses were downloaded to Excel and data such as mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage, were analyzed to summarize participant responses. Results Among the 95 responses, the majority were from graduates of Direct Entry Medicine Programmes who were currently working as Senior House Officers in either Ireland or Australia. Key findings indicated that 76% of participants were unaware of the Irish Physical Activity Guidelines and 60.76% are unaware of the Making Every Contact Count Framework. The majority wanted to receive training on physical activity at undergraduate level (73%) and postgraduate level (61%). With regards to physical activity knowledge for counselling, a majority of responders rated their knowledge between 5,6 and 7 out of 10. Similarly, a majority of responders rated their confidence in prescribing between 4,5, and 6 out of 10 (1 being not confident and 10 being extremely confident). The top three subjects participants wanted training on were: Physical Activity Guidelines, Counselling, and Assessment. Conclusions Findings indicate a gap in the teaching and assessment of physical activity in undergraduate medical curricula in Ireland. However, there is demand among recent graduates for training on physical activity. Future studies should be done among a larger sample in order to strengthen confidence in our findings.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Physical Activities among Undergraduate Medical Students of Devdaha Medical College Teaching Hospital

INTRODUCTION Physical activities are one of the major contributors to one’s physical fitness and health. Physical activities are known to prevent many globally leading non-communicable diseases. Medical students are even taught in their curriculum about these diseases and the role of physical activities in their prevention. They might be adopting different types of physical activities in their daily life and some might be ignoring or being deprived of practicing physical activities due to various reasons. MATERIAL AND METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study using pre designed questionnaire was conducted among first to final year medical students of Devdaha medical college to assess knowledge, attitude and practice on physical activities where 162 students were selected purposively and thus obtained data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24. RESULTS Majority of the students had a good knowledge of physical activity and a positive attitude towards physical activities. Most of them (97.67%) have performed physical activities in their life and a majority of them (79.07%) were currently involved in physical activities. Cardio training was the most practiced physical activity followed by sports and yoga practices. Lack of company and lack of time were identified as factors abstaining physical activities among them who left practicing physical activities. CONCLUSION This study was done to explore knowledge, attitude and practice on physical activities of medical students. The majority of the students had a good knowledge regarding benefits of physical activities, and positive attitude towards physical activities, however only a moderate number of students practiced physical activities.

Poster (Clinical/Best Practice Implementation) ID 1978673

Background/Objectives To address gaps in peer-supported services for those with a mobility disability, a virtual group was designed to have trained mentors with lived experience working alongside rehabilitation professionals to share resources and strategies that promote healthy living. Method Sessions offered knowledge and support in goal setting, healthy eating, physical activity, adapted recreation, emotional well-being, and social connectedness. Three rounds of the group were offered with 12 participants completing the group in its entirety. Pre- and post-measures included the Self-Efficacy to Manage Scale (Lorig, et al, 2001), the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire-11 (Fugl-Meyer, et al., 1991), and the Readiness Ruler adapted to each wellness topic (Moyers, et al., 2009). Findings Analyses before and after group showed a slight increase (Cohen’s d = 0.3) in their subjective well-being on the life satisfaction scale and a moderately higher sense of self-efficacy (Cohen’s d = 0.6) in managing symptoms. Although perceived importance for change was similar, participants reported higher confidence in their ability to change (Cohen’s d = 0.4) and greater readiness to make changes (Cohen’s d = 0.4) after the group. Conclusions The program resulted in several successes including slight increase in life satisfaction and moderately higher sense of self-efficacy in managing symptoms. Confidence in ability and readiness to make change also increased. The project had a small sample size, but the outcomes support the value of embedding a peer-support element into traditional healthcare delivery.

Description of Baseline Nutrition and Physical Activity Knowledge and Behavior in Acute Stroke/TIA Patients Enrolled in the Health Education on Information Retention and Behavior Change in Stroke (HERBS) Pilot Trial.

Lifestyle modifications after stroke are associated with better risk factor control and lower mortality. The primary objective of this study was to describe the knowledge of American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations for diet and exercise in survivors of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). The secondary objectives were to describe their diet and exercise behaviors, self-efficacy (SE), behavioral intent (BI), stage of change, and barriers to change. Data are described from participants enrolled in a prospective educational intervention in mild stroke/TIA survivors. A multiple-choice questionnaire ascertained knowledge of AHA recommendations for diet and exercise, nutrition and physical activity behavior, SE, BI, stage of change, and barriers to change. Twenty-eight stroke/TIA survivors, with a mean age of 61.7 ± 11.8 years, completed questionnaires during their acute hospitalization. Participants underestimated the recommended intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and participation in aerobic exercise and overestimated the recommended intake of sugar and salt. SE demonstrated a significant positive association with combined behavior scores (rs = 0.36, p = 0.043). Greater knowledge of the AHA recommendations was not associated with healthier behavior, greater SE, higher BI, or more advanced stage of change. The gaps between AHA recommendations and stroke/TIA patient knowledge identifies an area for potential intervention in stroke prevention and recovery.

Impacting Children’s Physical and Mental Health through Kinesiology Support in Clinical Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol

Objectives: To enhance the confidence of children and adolescents with medical conditions and disabilities to engage in healthy, active lifestyles. Children with medical conditions and disabilities often exhibit more sedentary lifestyles relative to peers and are at increased risk of poor health outcomes. Clinical experience suggests physical activity confidence is an important factor influencing physical activity participation.Methods: This randomized controlled trial evaluates an evidence-based intervention targeting physical activity confidence among children and adolescents with medical conditions and disabilities. Potential participants, 8 to 18 years of age diagnosed with a medical condition or disability, will be screened for adequate physical activity motivation but a lack confidence. Consenting participants (n=128) will be randomized 1:1 to a 12-week in-person or virtual physical activity intervention (24 hours/week total) led by a Registered Kinesiologist or control (assessments only). The intervention will combine physical activity participation with education about physical activity knowledge, goal setting, motivation and self-management. Primary outcomes are self-reported physical activity confidence and motivation at baseline, post-intervention and three months following intervention completion. A secondary outcome will be daily physical activity minutes assessed by accelerometry. A repeated measures mixed model will be used to compare outcomes between the in-person intervention, virtual intervention, and control groups (alpha=0.05).Conclusions: This trial aims to assess the impact of a novel application of behaviour change theory on physical activity confidence among children and adolescents living with medical conditions or disabilities. Increased physical activity confidence, knowledge and skills could enable these youth to lead a more active lifestyle.

An Age-Stratified Cross-Sectional Study of Physical Activity and Exercise Adherence of Stroke Survivors in Rural Regions.

To describe the Physical Activity and Exercise (PAE) adherence of stroke survivors in rural regions, additionally, to analyze the influential factors through age stratification. This is a cross-sectional study. Totally, 596 stroke patients (65.70±10.76 years) from three rural regions were selected, PAE scale was used for measuring compliance. The influential factors among different age groups were explored separately. This study adheres to the EQUATOR checklist, SROBE. Only 17.8% (106) of participants regularly participated in PAE. Altogether, 42.45% were classified as a young-middle age group, and the rest 57.55% were in the old age group. Positive attitudes and better PAE-relevant knowledge were protective factors for adherence in the young and middle-aged group (OR=0.683; 95% CI 0.173~0.588 and OR=0.939; 95% CI 0.013~0.114), as well as in the old group (OR=0.704; 95% CI 0.193~0.534 and OR=0.929; 95% CI 0.035~0.118); having no home rehabilitation equipment was a strong risk factor for younger patients (OR=16.078; 95% CI 1.235~4.320); however, without hemiplegia can positively affect their adherence (OR=0.891; 95% CI 0.045~0.229). In addition, the presence of a spouse can lead to a better compliance among old patients (OR=0.436; 95% CI -0.496~-0.165). It is necessary to improve the knowledge of physical activity in rural stroke patients of all ages. It is of great significance to install home rehabilitation equipment to promote exercise for young and middle-aged stroke patients. While for the old stroke patients, we strongly suggest focusing on the role of spouses, which would be more useful in low-income regions.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Physical Activity Among Medical Students at University of Cyberjaya, Malaysia

Background: Physical activity plays a crucial role in maintaining and promoting good health. However, sedentary lifestyles have become increasingly prevalent, leading to various health complications. Medical students, as future healthcare professionals, should be well-informed about the benefits of physical activity and serve as role models for their patients. A comprehensive understanding of their behaviours and perceptions is essential for developing effective interventions to promote a healthy lifestyle within this population. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards physical activity among medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The data was analysed with Jeffreys’s Amazing Statistics Program. Results: The study involved 270 medical students, the majority of whom were over 20 years old (57.0%), female (58.2%) and in their clinical years of medical school (54.1%). The results indicated the majority of the participants had high levels of knowledge (98.9%) and attitudes (92.2%) but low levels of physical activity practice (87.0%). Conclusion: Despite the high levels of knowledge and positive attitudes the study participants had towards physical activity, it is important to encourage their practice. The findings highlighted the need for focused interventions to promote physical activity in medical educations. Keywords: Physical Activity, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Medical Students, Malaysia

Knowledge of physical activity, physical activity level and waist-to-hip ratio in adults with diabetes in a Ghanaian municipality.

To investigate the knowledge about physical activity, physical activity levels and waist-to-hip ratio among persons living with diabetes in the Ho Municipality. Cross-sectional observation study. The researcher collected data from two diabetes clinics in the Ho Municipality of Ghana. Consenting persons living with diabetes who attended the diabetes clinics. Participants' waist-to-hip ratio, knowledge of the physical activity and level of activity according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. There were 106 participants, and the modal age was 60 years or older (50.94% (n= 54)). Of the total, 62.3% (n = 66) were women, and the mean knowledge level was 12.7±1.58 (range: 0-17). Mean waist-to-hip ratio was 0.92 ± 0.10) with 25.5% (n = 27) men and 48.1% (n = 51) women recording abnormally increased waist-to-hip ratios. Additionally, 44% of participants engaged in low physical activity levels, whereas 10% participated in high levels. There were no significant associations between physical activity levels and waist-to-hip ratios (r = 0.176, p=0.071). Persons with diabetes in the Ho Municipality mostly engaged in low and moderate physical activity levels and had abnormally increased waist-to-hip ratios suggesting abdominal obesity. Knowledge of physical activity may be associated with physical activity performance and waist-to-hip ratio, bearing an inverse association with physical activity levels. None declared.

The Peculiarities of Physical Literacy Assessment in Primary School Students

Over the last decade, academics, professionals, and politicians have become increasingly interested in the assessment of children’s and adolescents' physical literacy in physical education. Physical literacy has been measured and quantified as a multidimensional term comprising behavioral, psychological, and physical components. The majority of this research was conducted on children and adolescents in educational settings, emphasizing the importance of this age group in establishing the foundations of physical literacy, which will influence lifetime physical activity, health, and well-being. Since there are no studies in the population of Lithuanian primary school students, evaluating children's physical literacy or the validity and reliability of individual physical literacy assessment instruments, the current overview may be useful in guiding the development of future research in this area in our country.
 The objective of this study is to review the assessment of physical literacy in primary school children from a theoretical standpoint.
 Methods: analysis of scientific literature and assessment instruments for physical literacy.
 Conclusions:1. There is no consensus on the assessment of children's physical literacy. Representatives of the idealistic approach suggest using subjective, qualitative, and interpretive methods to monitor a student’s progress on their individual path to physical literacy. Supporters of the pragmatic approach view physical literacy as the result of practical activities that must be measured and assessed using instruments to evaluate fundamental movement skills, physical fitness, motivation, etc.
 
 Physical literacy in primary school students could be assessed across four domains: affective, behavioral, cognitive, and physical. The affective part of the assessment tools for elementary school children is indicated by the child's motivation and self-confidence. The behavioral part is reflected by the child's objective physical activity, subjective physical activity, variety and frequency of physical activities, and participation in physical activities in different places and at different times of the year. The cognitive part is shown by the child's knowledge of physical activity and the benefits of taking part in physical activities, as well as by the child's understanding of how to plan and carry out physical activities. The physical part is demonstrated by physical fitness, movement skills, and self-perceived competence.
 
 Keywords: physical literacy, primary school students, assessment.

Improving Engagement in Antenatal Health Behavior Programs-Experiences of Women Who Did Not Attend a Healthy Lifestyle Telephone Coaching Program.

Living Well during Pregnancy (LWdP) is a telephone-based antenatal health behavior intervention that has been shown to improve healthy eating behaviors and physical activity levels during pregnancy. However, one-third of eligible, referred women did not engage with or dropped out of the service. This study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of women who were referred but did not attend or complete the LWdP program to inform service improvements and adaptations required for scale and spread and improve the delivery of patient-centered antenatal care. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with women who attended ≤2 LWdP appointments after referral. The interviews were thematically analyzed and mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behavior Change Wheel/COM-B Model to identify the barriers and enablers of program attendance and determine evidence-based interventions needed to improve service engagement and patient-centered antenatal care. Three key themes were identified: (1) the program content not meeting women's expectations and goals; (2) the need for flexible, multimodal healthcare; and (3) information sharing throughout antenatal care not meeting women's information needs. Interventions to improve women's engagement with LWdP and patient-centered antenatal care were categorized as (1) adaptations to LWdP, (2) training and support for program dietitians and antenatal healthcare professionals, and (3) increased promotion of positive health behaviors during pregnancy. Women require flexible and personalized delivery of the LWdP that is aligned with their individual goals and expectations. The use of digital technology has the potential to provide flexible, on-demand access to and engagement with the LWdP program, healthcare professionals, and reliable health information. All healthcare professionals are vital to the promotion of positive health behaviors in pregnancy, with the ongoing training and support necessary to maintain clinician confidence and knowledge of healthy eating, physical activity, and weight gain during pregnancy.

Integration of self-efficacy in digital-based physical training in increasing physical activity of young women

This study aims to test the integration of self-efficacy into physical training digitally by increasing the physical activity of young women. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), by integrating self-efficacy in training and rehabilitation programs, has been used to address health problems. With the help of social support, a person's physical activity can be predicted. This study is based on the low physical activity of young women during the COVID-19 pandemic, which can affect the quality of health and social development. This study is an experimental study using a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The instrument used to collect the data is the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for young and middle-aged adults (15–19) and then processed with independent t test analysis techniques. The results of the average scores of knowledge, attitudes, and levels of physical activity in the control group did not differ markedly before and after the intervention. Whereas in the experimental group, the difference before and after the intervention was significant (t count = 6.9159; t table 1.6848 and 2.022; t count > t table), and the average value of the aforementioned factors increased after the intervention. The results of this study revealed that the use of digital media in physical exercise with the integration of self-efficacy can increase the physical activity of young women, and digital media can be effective in improving health-based behaviors. Sociodemographic variables such as the level of motor skills appear to be significant predictors of self-efficacy for coping with sedentary behavior. Understanding self-efficacy predictors for coping with sedentary behavior can help physical education integrate the emotional dimensions of health into physical education interventions, identify groups based on level, customize messages, and prioritize resources in shaping pro-health behavior.

The effect of nutritional and lifestyle education intervention program on nutrition knowledge, diet quality, lifestyle, and nutritional status of Croatian school children

IntroductionNutrition education during adolescence has proven effective in increasing knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the diet. The Mediterranean diet has proven health benefits and is proposed as a model of a sustainable diet that is beneficial for health and the environment. Its promotion with the educational program can have a significant effect on improvements in nutrition knowledge, diet quality, and nutritive status of adolescents for their healthy adulthood.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the educational program on the nutrition knowledge, diet quality, lifestyle, and nutritional status of school children from the littoral part of Croatia.MethodsAn education-based intervention study was carried out on 2,709 schoolchildren aged 10–12 years (educated/control group: 2617/92). The questionnaire about sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary, physical activity, screen time, sleep habits, and nutrition knowledge was assessed at the baseline and after a 6- to 9-month follow-up for the medium-term effect of education. Nutrition knowledge was provided after 3 weeks for the short-term education effect assessment.ResultsEducated schoolchildren achieved a significant increase in nutrition knowledge (+75.5%), expressed as a short-term effect of the education and maintained at the 6- to 9-month follow-up (+66.8%, p < 0.001). Follow-up of children significantly improved their nutritional status (underweight −56.6%, normal weight 24.8%, overweight −22.1%, and obesity −57.5%) and physical activity engagement (+13.2%). The proportion of children with a diet highly adhering to the Mediterranean diet significantly doubled (+105.0). Those children with the highest nutrition knowledge at the follow-up significantly improved their nutritional status (+218.9%), participated in organized sports (+204.7%), and had a diet that highly adhered to the MD (+291.8%).ConclusionA significantly good medium-term effect of education-based nutrition and lifestyle intervention program on nutrition knowledge, diet quality, lifestyle, and nutritional status of schoolchildren aged 10–12 years was shown. The educational program promoted a Mediterranean diet and lifestyle as a healthy and sustainable way of living, important for children's future health and wellbeing. New research-based approaches are needed for making children more aware and capable of handling the complexity of sustainable living.

Technology-Supported Physical Activity Course for Increasing Physical Activity Levels of University Students: System Development and Pilot Implementation

This paper investigates and pilots design principles focusing on developing a technology-supported physical activity course for increasing university students' physical activity levels. Four initial design principles from a previous systematic review were confirmed and validated in a series of Focus Group discussions with twenty-two participants (10 lecturers and 12 students) from one public university in Bandung, Indonesia. As a result, an additional three initial design principles were created. A technology prototype was developed based on the seven initial design principles. A prototype LMS (PESSPA), incorporated within a smartphone application (PESAPA), was designed, validated, and built on during this phase. A pilot study was conducted involving two physical education classes at the public university in Bandung, Indonesia to test and evaluate the prototypes. Two lecturers and 39 students participated in the pilot study. One lecturer implemented the technology prototype in the intervention group (n=22). The control group (n=17) was taught with a control lecturer with the same content but without PESSPA and PESAPA for 16 weeks. Findings showed that there were no significant differences in post-test scores between the intervention and control groups in all outcomes except for amotivation (P = 0.022). Positive small to medium effect sizes were found for intervention participants, compared with control participants, for all outcomes including physical activity outcomes (moderate intensity [d=0.09], total physical activity [d=0.21], and vigorous intensity [0.37]), motivation outcomes (introject regulation [0.14], intrinsic regulation [d=0.25], identified regulation [d=0.74]), and physical activity knowledge (d=0.20). The class observations and feedback from the intervention lecturer and students during the pilot study were analysed, resulting in nine revised design principles. The prototype should be modified based on the revised design principles and tested with a larger sample size in a randomised controlled trial.

Nutrition and physical activity knowledge, attitudes, and practices of inpatient cirrhosis care providers.

Hospitalization is a high-risk period for cirrhosis-associated sarcopenia and frailty. This study aimed to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns (KAP) of multidisciplinary cirrhosis providers about inhospital nutrition and physical activity care. We conducted an online survey of cirrhosis care providers at a combination of 38 hospitals and healthcare centres in Alberta, Canada. Analysis included descriptive statistics and content analysis. Three hundred thirty-eight responses were analyzed. Across all providers, nutrition and physical activity knowledge and attitude (KA) scores were higher than practice (P) scores. Physicians had lower nutrition KA ( P = 0.010) and nutrition P ( P < 0.001) scores than nonphysicians. Previous cirrhosis-related nutrition or physical activity education was associated with higher nutrition KA ( P < 0.001), nutrition P ( P = 0.036), and physical activity P scores ( P < 0.001). Over half of the participants reported not providing patients with educational resources for nutrition or physical activity and not carrying out nutrition screening. Participant suggestions to optimize care included enhancing patient and provider education, standardizing screening and intervention processes, increasing patient-centered support, and promoting collaboration within the healthcare team. Eighty percentage of participants were willing to provide patients with resources if these were readily available. While provider knowledge and attitudes about the importance of nutrition and physical activity in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis are reasonable, there is considerable room to optimize the delivery of best practices in this patient population. Optimization will require readily available educational and personnel resources and interdisciplinary collaboration to promote system change.

Exploration of physical activity knowledge, preferences and support needs among pulmonary hypertension patients.

Physical activity (PA) is an established adjunct therapy for pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients to mitigate PH symptoms and improve quality of life. However, PA engagement within this population remains low. This study investigated PH patients' knowledge of PA, recalled advice, exercise preferences and PA support needs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 adults (mean age 50 years; SD ±12 years) diagnosed with PH, living in Ireland. Interview scripts were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Four key themes were identified: Lack of PA knowledge; exercise setting preference; accountability and monitoring; and clinician delivered PA information and guidance. This study found that PH clinicians provide suboptimal PA advice, yet patients desired clinician-delivered PA guidance. Home-based exercise was preferred with monitoring and external accountability deemed as important to facilitate sustained engagement. PH clinicians are well positioned to play a critical role in assisting and empowering PH patients to engage in PA. Providing training and education to PH clinicians regarding exercise prescription may be beneficial. Further research is needed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of home-based exercise interventions to improve quality of life and physical activity in PH.

General Public's Knowledge of Diabetes and Physical Activity in Saudi Arabia over Time: The Need to Refresh Awareness Campaigns.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health issue in Saudi Arabia. Prevention of DM and its complications requires an understanding of the disease and modifiable behaviors (e.g., physical activity-PA). The purpose of this study was to examine the trends in knowledge of the general population regarding DM to better understand the shortcomings in the current awareness programs. This article presents a cross-sectional series study where a survey was distributed to a total of 3493 participants over four years, from 2017 till 2020, to assess general knowledge about DM, including information about PA. The mean percentage of correct responses of DM general knowledge was 63.8 ± 19.0 in 2017, which decreased to 61.3 ± 18.7 in 2020 with a significant beta coefficient of -0.8 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001). Participants' awareness about PA remained constantly high for four years: the mean percentage of correct responses was 82.1 ± 23.6 in 2017 and 82.0 ± 23.1 in 2020, and the beta coefficient was -0.5 ± 0.3 (p = 0.147). Furthermore, stratification by demographics showed that the majority of the subgroups (age, sex, educational status, marital status, having relative with DM, nationality) reported a significant declining trend in general DM knowledge. In addition, some of the subgroups also showed a declining trend in PA awareness. Future prevention efforts should assess the community's DM knowledge regularly to tailor awareness efforts to the population segments that need heightened educational interventions.