Knowledge-intensive Industries Research Articles

Medindo o capital humano: quadro metodológico para avaliar a competitividade e o desenvolvimento econômico

ABSTRACT This article focused on the relationship between human capital (HC) and competitiveness in Russia. The study examined (1) the impact of investments in knowledge-intensive industries on the socio-economic development; (2) the impact of the share of employees; (3) the impact of religious factors on HC; and (4) the problems of forming H at innovative enterprises. At the national level, the investments in knowledge-intensive industries exert no effect on the country’s socio-economic development. The GDP growth was proved to be directly related to the people’s desire to improve their qualifications. The impact of cultural, educational, and health factors differ across regions.

Work-related informal learning in knowledge-intensive industry

AbstractThis study investigates occurrences and tools of informal and non-formal learning at work, focusing on the Hungarian IT sector. The aim is to demonstrate that learning at work mainly manifests informally and to identify its patterns. Companies shifting towards teleworking during the pandemic further increased the importance of informal learning. The empirical research uses complex methodology of three pillars: A questionnaire about workplace learning conducted among employees in the IT sector (N = 162). Case studies of three Hungarian IT companies using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Learning activity logging of work-related learning events were recorded by participating employees (N = 19). According to the main conclusions there is a positive correlation between the number of available workplace learning opportunities and opinions on the efficacy of informal learning. Informal learning dominates the learning patterns of employees in a knowledge-intensive industry. In supporting employees’ learning the average number of informal learning opportunities are significantly higher than those of formal learning and both employees and employers agree that this mode of learning is more effective.The results highlight that reinterpreting workplace learning is necessary due to economic, social and technological trends not to mention employer flexibility becoming more and more inevitable. Thus, the importance of informal learning is unquestionable.

Regional economic tightness from rural to urban regions

Regional economies are characterized by networks of interactions between individual elements and are thus quintessential complex systems. Analyzing the relatedness of various aspects of regional economies, such as exports, industries, occupations, and technologies, using methods from complexity science is becoming commonplace. However, current work has focused nearly exclusively on regional economic complexity of more urbanized regions within countries, if not entire countries themselves. Smaller urban areas are typically over-looked and rural regions are almost entirely absent from the dialog. This paper seeks to fill this gap by examining smaller urban areas and rural regions from a complexity economics perspective. Analyzing cross-sectional data provides initial insights into the transformation of regional economic connectedness from rural to urban regions. Using a previously developed metric of economic connectivity based the on co-occurrence of economic activities, called tightness, we examine the skills space and industry space of metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural regions in the United States. We find that the least and the most urbanized regions have the highest tightness, and that this is partially due to the share of specialty skills in a “socio-cognitive” lobe of skills space. However, we also find that the composition of skills in the least and most urbanized regions differs markedly. Findings suggest that planners seeking to increase the share of socio-cognitive skills in the local workforce may be constrained by population size, and that regions of moderate population size may be required to first grow industries that require less cognitive skills.Science Highlights• Regional economic tightness and regionaleconomic output are positively correlated, even when controlling for regionalpopulation.• Skills tightness is greatest in the leastpopulous and most populous regions while industry tightness is greatest in themost populous regions.• Higher skills tightness is driven partially bythe share of socio-cognitive skills in the regional workforce.• The most rural and most urban counties havethe highest share of specialty skills in the socio-cognitive lobe of skillsspace.Policy and PracticeRecommendations• Both skills and industrial tightness should befostered to increase regional per capita output.• Growing jobs that utilize socio-cognitiveskills may increase skills tightness and thus regional productivity.• Moderately-urbanized areas typically have a lowershare of workers with socio-cognitive skills, and may experience more difficultygrowing knowledge-intensive industries.

Rol' lichnosti v istorii aviastroeniya

A characteristic feature of the period of formation of aviation is the personal factor. Wie names of famous aircraft designers have remained in the history of domestic and world aviation. As the complexity of the aircraft and the number of projects increased, the number of design bureaus grew. Teams, collectives, corporations of many thousands come to the fore. Wie strengthening of power contributes to the emergence of new projects. CALS technologies make it possible to implement the “world without borders” principle, accumulating advanced achievements in knowledge-intensive industries.

Innovative entrepreneurship policy in Ukraine and roadmap strategy

Using an empirically based methodology, the scientific approaches to define the concepts of "innovation" and "innovation policy" are summarized. It is substantiated that the goal of implementing innovative entrepreneurship is the transition to an innovative model of development, which requires the implementation of the following priority tasks: integration of all stages of innovative entrepreneurship in the region; formation of competitive regional innovative products; increasing the level of quality of institutional infrastructure; improvement of information provision of innovative processes; stimulation of regional business entities to ensure innovative activity; creation of communications in the "science-production" system; ensuring quality training of specialists in the field of innovative entrepreneurship; development of knowledge-intensive industries; effective use of innovative potential and intellectual capital of the region. Modeling of the innovative entrepreneurship profile of the regions led to the conclusion that the main task, for each of the regions, is to develop measures to increase the level of formation of its innovative entrepreneurship space, which will have the effect of optimizing the economic results of the operation and increase its competitiveness in domestic and international markets.

The eurasian economic union: Today and Tomorrow

The Eurasian Economic Union States should strengthen their sovereignty within the EAEU through the complementary specialization of economies, cooperative ties in knowledge-intensive industries and economic sectors around the entire economic cycle. However, the Eurasian integration needs a new impetus. The period having passed since the EAEU creation imposed a necessity to qualitatively revise what has been done, to frankly state that a whole range of the Treaty’s provisions was not fulfilled as well as to formulate and propose specific mechanisms for further implementation of its provisions, to outline new integration horizons, to adopt appropriate decisions and to start acting. The article provides an idea of where the Eurasian integration is currently moving. It offers an overview of the Strategic Directions for Developing the Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025, the document that embodies the transition from the shaping stage (2015–2019) to the project integration stage (2020–2025). The new stage’s essence is about ensuring conditions for the specific joint economic projects at both interstate and individual economic entity level. The article mentions what has already been accomplished in this direction and what lies ahead. It reflects the integration’s impact on the participating countries’ economies: both existing and forecast one. Furthermore, it touches upon the issue of dedollarizing the Union countries’ mutual trade, digitalization, the EAEU international cooperation as well as global economic risks and ways to overcome those through integration cooperation. In conclusion, the article proposes new principles of the integration association’s work.

Economic complexity and the global asset-seeking strategies of Chinese multinationals

ABSTRACT This article investigates the role of economic complexity in capturing asset-seeking motives and strategies of global knowledge accumulation by analysing the location decisions of Chinese multinationals. Using data on 14,873 Chinese subsidiaries in 78 countries for 2007–2015, we find that investment is associated with locations with lower economic complexity. This applies especially for destination countries within the OECD and MNCs in knowledge-intensive industries, whereas firms with a strong knowledge base may instead seek out locations with high economic complexity. Results are consistent with a strategy of accessing relatively low-complexity capabilities that can be accumulated to build and reinforce the international advantage and competitiveness of the multinational.

Childcare centre for work efficiency of employed parents: perception analysis for business prospects

PurposeThis study aims to explore whether the working parents' perception about the necessity of childcare centres for their work efficiency is associated with their anxieties and concerns related to their dual responsibilities, i.e. providing proper parental childcare and maintaining work efficiency.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 100 employed parents, from the Jashore region of Bangladesh, was surveyed, and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.FindingsIt was revealed that there is a strong association between the perceived negative impact on job performance, childcare, child development, work efficiency and perceived need for a childcare centre.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this study is that it was confined to Jashore University of Science and Technology. The results may differ from those of the study conducted outside this study area and the methodology used here.Practical implicationsThis study has significant practical implications for employers, childcare service providers and policy makers, especially in Bangladesh. The employers will be able to understand the demand for childcare services centres among the employed parents in respective organizations. It will draw attention of employers of knowledge intensive industries and grants commission to the issue of conflict of work and childcare-related responsibilities of employed parents. This will also make employers conscious about the dilemma that is undergone by employed parents motivating them to take actions for minimizing such conflicts to ensure better job performance of working parents.Social implicationsBased on this study, childcare providers and other policy makers will be able to ascertain the potential size of the childcare market and determine the requirement for investment in childcare-related human resources development. As the work and childcare responsibilities compete for limited time of working parents, either childcare or job performance suffers. This causes concerns, anxieties or remorse, which again hampers the job performance further. Therefore, this study may motivate the university authority around the world, specifically those in Bangladesh, to provide childcare facilities for its faculties, students and other employees.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on growing demand for centre-based childcare services in an emerging economy context. It provides evidence of high demand for on- and off-site childcare centres to enhance work efficiency of working parents.

Does Human Capital Homogeneously Improve the Corporate Innovation: Evidence from China’s Higher Education Expansion in the Late 1990s

The effect of human capital on corporate innovation varies with the distribution of human capital intensity among industries. To analyze this heterogenous effect, we utilized the variation of college enrollment expansion across different regions in China as an exogenous human capital shock. Using a sample of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2008 and the difference-in-difference strategy, we found that industries with intensive human capital significantly increase the number of patent applications after the expansion policy. The effect is pronounced in invention patents and significantly positive in exporting and capital-intensive corporates. As for the channels, corporates in these industries are apt to adopt new technologies and increase R&D expenditures. Moreover, the agglomeration of new graduates accelerates knowledge spillover, thus promoting innovation in knowledge-intensive industries. In sum, this paper verifies the importance of policy intervention on skilled labor supply towards corporate innovation and supports the talent introduction plan of local government in China.

The impact of knowledge management on intellectual property risk prevention: analysis from China’s strategic emerging industries

PurposeBecause of the globalization of the knowledge economy, intellectual property (IP) rights have become an important tool for maintaining market leadership and controlling emerging market shares. This paper aims to identify the IP risks that China’s strategic emerging industries face in the process of knowledge management in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era seeking to minimize these risks and reduce unnecessary losses.Design/methodology/approachBased on an analysis of the current situation in China’s strategic emerging industries, this paper qualitatively organizes the various types of IP risks faced by China’s strategic emerging industries in their development with knowledge creation, knowledge transfer and knowledge application. This paper further analyzes the factors triggering the risks and proposes endogenous and exogenous IP risk-prevention strategies for China’s strategic emerging industries from the perspective of knowledge management.FindingsAdopting a knowledge management perspective, this paper identifies three main intellectual property risks in the knowledge creation, transfer, application processes of knowledge management for China’s emerging industries, including infringement risks related to independent innovation, leakage risks related to international cooperation and ownership risks related to technology transfer.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the entire technology–product–application process and from a knowledge management perspective, the IP risks in the development of China’s strategic emerging industries are comprehensively elaborated in this paper, providing a theoretical basis for avoiding IP risks that is also widely applicable to other knowledge-intensive industries.Originality/valueThis paper explicates the IP risk faced by China’s strategic emerging industries in each step of the knowledge management process and suggestions from knowledge management strategy, tools and implementation support mechanism holds promise for business, industry and government IP risk prevention are elaborated specially to promote the development of China’s strategic emerging industries. On the one hand, this paper expanded the research on knowledge management by exploring the relationship between knowledge management and intellectual property rights variables. On the other hand, the findings have practical significance for the stable, long term and efficient development of strategic emerging industries in China as well as other knowledge-intensive industries. Empirical analyses on this subject are suggested for future studies.

An analysis of the environmental factors impact on the high-tech enterprises' operation

Subject. This article examines the role of enterprises of high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries in the digitalization of the Russian economy and the transition to industry 4.0. Objectives. The article aims to develop tools to help reorient the structure of the Russian industry to create high-tech products with high added value that are in demand both in local and foreign markets. Methods. For the study, we used deterministic and factor analyses. Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the trends in the turnover and production index of three high-tech industries for 2015–2020, as well as an assessment of the main indicators of the high-tech complex of Russia, the article determines the main trends in its development. Conclusions. The development of the high-tech sector of the economy will help reduce Russia's dependence on raw materials production. It is necessary to expand the resource base through the introduction of innovative materials. It is necessary to develop existing and search for new markets for products.

A Real Utopia Under What Conditions? The Economic and Social Benefits of Workplace Democracy in Knowledge-Intensive Industries

Given consistent evidence of its social benefits but questions about its market viability, this paper examines the conditions under which workplace democracy can be understood as a “real utopia”; a viable form of organization that is both economically productive and socially welfare enhancing. Conceptualizing democratic firms as organizations with formally distributed authority and collectivist norms, we argue that democratic firms will operate more productively in knowledge intensive industries, compared with conventional firms in the same industries, because they give authority to those with relevant knowledge and encourage intrafirm information sharing. Next, focusing on intrafirm wage inequality as a key social welfare outcome, we argue that knowledge-intensive sectors are also settings where the benefits of workplace democracy are likely to be greater. Knowledge intensive industries tend to generate greater intrafirm inequality through the adoption of market-based employment policies and reliance on unique expertise, yet the formal structure and collectivist norms of democratic firms are likely to limit these mechanisms of inequality, generating inequality reductions. We test these hypotheses with longitudinal linked employer-employee data from French cooperatives and conventional firms, including firms that shift organizational structures over time. We find robust support for our hypothesis about economic performance and moderate support for our hypothesis about social performance. Funding: This research has been generously supported by the Berg Center for Ethics, the Katz International Business Center, and the Bill Nobles Fellowship, as well as a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the “Investissements d’Avenir” program [Reference ANR-10-EQPX-17-Centre d’accès sécurisé aux données]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1622 .

Training of specialists in knowledge-intensive areas in the United Kingdom

Introduction. The article analyzes the experience of training specialists for science and knowledge-intensive technologies on the example of individual leading UK universities, located close to knowledge-intensive industry: Cambridge University, Manchester University, Imperial College London. Considered educational programs and their features in the context of innovation activities and promotion of advanced technologies. The purpose of the study is to analyze the best practices of training students for science and high-tech technologies on the example of Great Britain. Materials and methods. The study uses analytical method, which allows to analyze the innovative aspects of the training of specialists in science-intensive areas. The analysis was carried out from the standpoint of the system approach to the understanding of student training in universities of science cities. The system approach allowed us to consider the training programs in universities, which are an integral part of science cities, having its own structure formed by various interrelated components, subject to its own logic of development under the influence of various factors. To identify the common and special in the training of specialists for science and science-intensive technologies the method of comparative analysis was used, which allowed to perform a comparative-pedagogical study in the context of training specialists for innovative activities and promotion of cutting-edge technologies. Results. Training of specialists for knowledge-intensive industries in universities of science cities of Great Britain is considered in the article. The common characteristics of the training of students in science-intensive areas in the UK are highlighted. The specifics of interaction of the professional community with the use of information cooperation platforms are considered in the article. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained results can enrich them with a variety of interactions with knowledge-intensive enterprises and ways of modern communications, new directions of development of knowledge-intensive educational programs, formation of motivated participation in knowledge-intensive project activity of students.

Commercial gentrification in China and its distribution, development, and correlates: The case of Chengdu

Within the Anglo-American literature, commercial, along with residential, gentrification has often been treated as an attendant neighborhood phenomenon. This study aims to uncover the distribution of areas for emerging consumption that indicate the occurrence of commercial gentrification, as well as to explain the development process and spatial correlations of commercial gentrification in Chengdu, a large Chinese city. With the data of points of interest (POIs), the study categorizes new retail places for commercial gentrification and conducts spatial and statistical analyses. The following findings are revealed: First, the distribution of new retail places changed from a monocentric to a polycentric structure in the main urban areas of Chengdu from 2010 to 2020, wherein high-density areas were partially overlapped with traditional commercial centers. Second, commercial gentrification in Chengdu was presented by the fastest growth of the entertainment services in the 2010s. Third, commercial gentrification in Chengdu shifted from a centripetal to a centrifugal development pattern from 2010 to 2020. The geographies of development were variegated, connected with multiple location attributes and impacted by local governments’ urban development strategies. Fourth, commercial gentrification was positively correlated with the growth of knowledge-intensive industries but negatively related to the change in both traditionally secondary and tertiary sectors in the past decade. Finally, changes in housing prices showed no connection with commercial gentrification during the studied period. The study suggests that commercial gentrification should be treated as a phenomenon of industrial gentrification, independent of residential gentrification. The commercial spatial planning in the city should play close attention to the synergic and exclusive relations between new retail industries and the evolution of industrial spaces in the emerging post-industrial city economy.

Analyzing knowledge sharing behaviors in virtual teams: Practical evidence from digitalized workplaces

Software development is an intensely knowledge-intensive industry that demands collaboration on behalf of everyone who participates in the process. Moreover, the successful accomplishment of the process depends on knowledge sharing and acquisition among the stakeholders. For this reason, organizations must understand how the knowledge-sharing process unrolls among employees. Nowadays, geographical distance is unavoidable, so researchers must consider subjective distance. This study provides an analysis of knowledge-sharing behavior within employees in software development roles in virtual teams, namely functional and technical, having subjective distance in mind. A research model based on a literature review was proposed to understand different dimensions of knowledge sharing. Afterward, the research model was empirically tested based on data collected in an organization with expertise in ERP software development through the implementation of a questionnaire. The method used to analyze the data was PLS-SEM. Results suggest that individuals share knowledge mainly to fulfill intrinsic needs; however, organizational culture also plays an essential role in knowledge sharing. The results are fundamental for both academics and practitioners to acknowledge how knowledge sharing occurs and, consequently, help in the decision-making processes regarding Knowledge Management within the companies.

How social self-efficacy and emotional self-efficacy moderate the relationship between occupational stress and knowledge hiding in Brazilian software industry

PurposeSoftware industry, one of the most knowledge-intensive industries, in Brazil has increased opportunities of evolution. Its competitive advantage relies on the efficiency of the organizational knowledge management, but the knowledge hiding, its antecedents and moderators are still understudied. This study seeks to identify a new antecedent to knowledge hiding, such the occupational stress.Design/methodology/approachThe author focused on the moderating effect of social self-efficacy and emotional self-efficacy in the relationship between occupational stress and knowledge hiding in software industry in Brazil. The author collected data from 189 software industry Brazilian employees in 30 firms using a time-lagged research design.FindingsThis study demonstrated that employees with high levels of social self-efficacy (SSE) and emotional self-efficacy (ESE) or both have more tendency to engage on knowledge hiding behavior comparing to their colleagues with low SSE and ESE. This study showed that SSE and ESE related positively to rationalized hiding, evasive hiding and playing dumb.Originality/valueThe author’s main contribution relies on the finding related to the joint role of social self-efficacy and emotional self-efficacy on engaging employees under occupational stress conditions in knowledge hiding behaviors.

Coding for intangible competitive advantage - mapping the distribution and characteristics of software-developing firms in the Swedish economy

ABSTRACT Software is at the core of digitalisation and is often claimed to play a central role in innovation and in shaping competition across industries and firms. There are yet few studies of the extent and nature of software development across firms. We employ a unique firm-level survey comprising 3,929 firms across Sweden to analyse the distribution and characteristics of firms that invest in software development and the orientation of their investments. The results confirm that software development activities are present in most industries, but heterogeneously distributed across firms. Internal software development is associated with innovation-oriented large firms in high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries, and is often affiliated with MNEs. The results suggest that software development is comparable to R&D investments and constitutes an example of digital innovation. This strengthens the value of studying software development activities to understand how firms invest in and build competitive advantage in the digitalised economy.

Antioxidant Bisphenol-5 in the feeding of broiler chickens

The further development of meat poultry farming is due not so much to the availability of resource-aving technologies and knowledge-intensive industries, as to the optimization of the base of feed. Sources of high-quality protein as well as enzyme complexes, specialized energy additives, feed stimulants of growth rate, as well as vitamin and mineral premixes come to the fore. The purpose of the research was to study the use of the antioxidant Bisphenol-5 in the feeding of broiler chickens. The control was the broilers that were given a complete compound feed according to the age and feeding standards of broiler chickens on the farm. Poultry of the 1st experimental group in addition to the main diet received the additive Bisphenol-5 at a dosage of 0,5 μmol per 1 kg of live weight or 0,0002 % of weight of compound feed; broiler chickens of the 2nd experimental group were additionally input with Bisphenol-5 at the dosage of 1,0 μmol per 1 kg of weight or 0,0004 % of weight of compound feed; broilers the 3rd experimental group was input 2,0 μmol/kg of live weight or 0,0008 % of weight of compound feed; the 4th group received 4,0 μmol/kg of live weight or 0,0015 % of weight of compound feed of the studied antioxidant Bisphenol-5. The optimal dose of feeding the new fat-soluble antioxidant Bisphenol-5 to broiler chickens was 2,0 μmol/kg of live weight or 0,0008 % of weight of compound feed has been proved and justifi ed. The conducted studies have convincingly proved that in order to improve the assimilation of nitrogen in the diet, increase its deposition, and, consequently, increase the growth rate of broilers it is necessary to add the antioxidant Bisphenol-5 in the dose of 2,0 μmol/kg of live weight or 0,0008 % to the weight of compound feed.

Planning system as a tool to implement business entities' sustainable development goals

Subject. The article considers the problem of searching for new methods of conducting economic activities in modern socio-economic and political conditions. Objectives. The aim is to analyze actual results of liberal models of economic development. Methods. The study employs general scientific research methods. Results. The paper highlights a positive trend towards an increase in the share of manufacturing production in the structure of gross value added, a decrease in the share of the oil and gas sector in the gross domestic product. Meanwhile, the share of products of high tech and knowledge-intensive industries in the gross domestic product is declining. Conclusions. It is advisable to return to the elements of planning at the micro level. Sustainable development primarily implies the independence of the Russian economy from imports.

Why serendipitous informal knowledge sharing interactions are key to boundary spanning and creativity.

Informal Knowledge Sharing Interactions (IKSI) are particularly valuable for innovation projects if they connect partners who are categorically, socially and formally distant from each other. Then the chances are higher that partners possess non-redundant knowledge and can thus open up new perspectives. By improving their knowledge supply, IKSI enhance the success, job satisfaction and well-being of employees in knowledge-intensive industries. So far, however, it is unclear how such interactions between heterogeneous partners emerge. The paper examines the formation of IKSI and develops the argument that serendipitous IKSI are more likely than planned IKSI to connect heterogeneous partners and open up new perspectives. The paper develops the argument in detail and empirically grounded by drawing together the unconnected literatures on the formation and impact of IKSI. Furthermore, the argument is empirically tested using 132 IKSI from developers collected with event-based diaries. In line with the conceptual work, the empirical analysis shows that serendipitous IKSI are more likely than planned ones to open up new perspectives. Serendipitous IKSI are of particular significance and require appropriate promotion in order to enhance innovative capability. The increasing virtualization of work is creating opportunities and challenges in this regard.