Century Knowledge Research Articles

The Tech Core Curriculum: Teaching Technology as a Core Competence

This panel addresses the ALISE Call for Proposals’ “questions of mutual interest” about integrating professional competences into pedagogy by providing interpretations and strategies for including information and communications technology (ICT) core competences into teaching and curriculum at ALA-accredited programs of Library and Information Science. Through an informal roundtable discussion followed by semi-structured and open audience solicitation, four faculty members who teach courses and modules in information technology from two ALA-accredited programs that have recently undergone curricular audits will provide an overview of technology core competences from the American Library Association and the Society of American Archivists (SAA). Discussions will include… Interpretations and interpretive problems with the ALA technology competence and sub-competences. A comparative interpretation of the Graduate Program in Archival Studies (GPAS) Curriculum’s technology competence from the SAA. How instructors have adapted these competences in courses and curriculum. How instructors have addressed student skill gaps and technophobia. A survey of which ALA-accredited programs do and do not have a technology core requirement as well as the types of courses that count for such a requirement. The pros and cons of a technology core requirement for ALA-accredited programs. Strategies for intentionally embedding technology competences in other required courses. A technology competence for programs that prepare information professionals of the twenty-first century appears at once essential and assumed. Previous studies show that graduate programs in library and information science have cut ICT core requirements in favor of embedding technology instruction in other requirements that principally satisfy other competences. Partly this is a solution to economizing core requirements in order to facilitate flexible course paths for students, and partly this is a solution to the vagaries set forth in standardized core competences, which remain media-agnostic.That is, the principles set forth in ALA core competences do not specify the types of technologies to address in any one competence, including the technology competence, making ‘technology’ an overly fungible term that can be applied to almost any instruction or practice. While theoretically media-agnosticism creates continuity with past and present analog means of information practices, all means of information practices are, of course, mediated. The majority of programs seem to make the assumption that ICT competence necessarily implies digital mediation. For larger, digitally focused programs in the iSchool movement, the assumption that ICT competence means digital competence further means that demonstrations and assessments of that competence are already embedded in the majority of courses. Compounding the assumption that digital practice satisfies ICT competence is an assumption of student digital nativity. While research has dispelled the myth of the ‘digital native,’ such a mythos persists in programs’ imaginations of their own graduate students who must de facto navigate sophisticated digital environments in order to participate in graduate programs of the twenty-first century knowledge economy. This roundtable aims at the outset to lay bare the tenuous relationship between standardized competences’ media-agnosticism and curricular assumptions of media-embeddedness. Then, participants will address strategies for curricular demonstrations of technology competence that are intentional, media-situated, student-focused, and strategic. Intentional: Rather than assume technological competence from demonstrated digital, information practices, instructors and programs should produce Stated Learning Objectives (SLO) and aligned assessment mechanisms that ask students to do more than demonstrate technology use. Media-situated: Students should understand that barriers to information access vary not just according to social vectors like race, gender, and income, but also by medium of access, which requires on the part of the student or information professional a media-comparative approach to ICT. Student-focused: Instructors should not assume student digital nativity or proficiency and should instead meet students where they are within a multi-dimensional matrix of technological practices and attitudes. In addition to being good pedagogy, a student-relational approach to technology also models exemplary user services. Strategic: Moving from the myth of the ‘tech savvy librarian’ of the early 00s, which largely relied on assumptions of generational digital nativity, instructors and programs should refocus on a model of the ‘tech strategic librarian,’ one who is not necessarily a coding-multilingual early adopter, but one who understands the stakes and intersections of technocapitalism, information capitalism, library resources, and community users. The highly interactive 90-minute roundtable will begin with a ten-minute introduction from the chair followed by three five-minute, informal statements from the panelists touching on the above topics. Semi-structured discussion from the panel will proceed for the second 25-minute block followed by open-room discussion and audience solicitation for fifteen minutes. This will leave a final 25-minute block for guided audience small-group discussion and reporting mediated by panelists. In small groups, audience members will be asked to generate Stated Learning Outcomes and assessment mechanisms based on the ALA’s technology sub-competences.

Encyklopedisten August Strindberg. Fallet Svarta Fanor

Abstract The article is devoted to the late prose of August Strindberg in the context of literary theories related to encyclopedic narratives and modern epic. I argue that Strindberg’s prose after the Inferno-crisis bears all the features of encyclopedic narratives: it has the ambition to sum up the scientific knowledge of the late 19th century, the narratives are formless, excessive, and full of digressions, their pursuit is mimetic completeness, and their form is both monstrous and hybrid. My thesis is illustrated by a close reading of the nine scientific chapters of the novel Black Banners from 1907.

Nephrology and experimental medicine in vivo, in vitro, and in silico.

Experimental medicine has formed the basis for generating medical knowledge for several centuries. The development of various experimental tools introduced at different times in medical practice has allowed the acquisition of knowledge with increasingly sophisticated scientific bases. Consequently, through in vivo, in vitro and, more recently, in silico experiments, we have witnessed an uninterrupted collection of experimental data potentially valuable for medicine, especially for Nephrology. We are gradually contemplating the uniqueness of individuals for the benefit of life and human dignity.

Twenty-first century knowledge mapping on oral diseases and physical activity/exercise, trends, gaps, and future perspectives: a bibliometric review.

Maintenance and improvement of an individual's overall well-being require a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses everything from oral health care to regular physical exercise. The notion that poor oral health can influence general health and athletic performance has sparked an interest in this relationship. This study offers an overview of relevant research and a knowledge map,and discusses publication metrics and key topics concerning the relationship between physical activity or exercise and oral diseases. We searched the Web of Science database for articles published in the 21st century that addressed the relationship between physical activity and oral diseases. Under the stipulated inclusion criteria, a rigorous selection process yielded 276 from 3,883 retrieved articles. The articles were classified by what was assessed as follows: occurrence of oral diseases in athletes or sports enthusiasts (n = 174); impact of physical activity or exercise on the oral cavity (n = 59); effects of oral changes on sports performance and physical fitness (n = 31); and the connection between oral health status, physical activity or exercise, and systemic conditions (n = 12). Orofacial trauma has received the most attention among all investigated oral diseases. However, there is a need for greater attention of dysfunctional habits that can contribute to premature tooth wear, as well as oral inflammatory diseases that can have systemic implications. This mapping can encourage the development of new primary research.

SACRED GROVES: A BASTION OF BIODIVERSITY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

Sacred groves, also known as sacred forests, are revered natural areas that hold deep spiritual and cultural significance for indigenous communities around the world. These enclaves of biodiversity have played a crucial role in conserving natural ecosystems, protecting endangered species, and preserving traditional knowledge and practices for centuries.
 This paper explores the multifaceted significance of sacred groves, highlighting their contributions to biodiversity conservation, cultural heritage preservation, and the well-being of local communities. It delves into the intricate relationship between indigenous communities and their sacred groves, emphasizing the interconnectedness of nature, spirituality, and culture.
 Drawing upon case studies from diverse regions, the paper showcases the tangible benefits of sacred groves in safeguarding threatened flora and fauna, maintaining ecosystem health, and providing ecological services such as soil and water conservation. It also underscores the cultural significance of these sites as repositories of traditional knowledge, sacred rituals, and artistic expressions.
 The paper concludes by emphasizing the urgent need to recognize and protect sacred groves as invaluable assets for both biodiversity conservation and cultural heritage preservation. It advocates for collaborative approaches that empower indigenous communities in safeguarding their sacred groves and integrating their traditional knowledge into conservation efforts.

THE INFLUENCE OF MENTORSHIP ON THE PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSES

Background: In the “century of knowledge” in which we live, to become and remain a part of contemporary trends in society, it is necessary to constantly learn and acquire the skills necessary for better coping, both in personal and professional life. Contemporary scientific, technological, and educational currents in society impose new tendencies on us in life, work, and education. It is the same with the concept of mentoring in nursing, which has not been known “since yesterday, but only now is its value and true meaning formally recognized Aim: The objective is to examine the impact of mentoring on the professional and personal development of nurses and mentors. Subjects and Methods: The research was conducted prospectively during June, July, and August 2023 at University Hospital Osijek, at the clinics and departments that are the teaching bases of the Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health in Osijek. Participants were bachelor’s and master’s degrees in nursing, external collaborators, and mentors of clinical practice for undergraduate students of nursing at the Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health in Osijek. The criterion for inclusion was: active mentors during the academic year 2022-2023. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisting of seven questions about the general characteristics of the respondents (gender, age, years of work experience in the profession, level of education, additional education, and jobs they perform). The second part of the questionnaire consisted of a structured instrument of 57 questions divided into four categories, which were designed according to the „Mentorship Evaluation Form" (School of Medicine, University of Virginia) and the “Mentor Evaluation” (Connecticut Mentoring Partnership, Business Guide to Youth Mentoring, authors: Diane Hale, Susan Patrick, and Dr. Susan Weinbergeron). Five questions were also taken from the questionnaire that was used in the research ”Mentoring in nursing education: Perceived characteristics of mentors and the consequences of mentorship” by Sabine Huybrecht, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Arthresis University College Antwerp, Belgium. Results: Clinical mentors with experience in mentoring for 5 to 7 years think that the most significant indicator of their personal development is the development of skills. Other indicators did not show any kind of significance. Clinical mentors with clinical experience for 21 to 30 years think that the most complicated things regarding mentorship are personal factors, while clinical mentors with working experience for less than 20 years think that it is about professional factors. Clinical mentors with clinical experience of more than 40 years think that they don’t have any complicated factors regarding their mentorship as well as professional and personal development. Conclusion: Mentorship has a big influence on the professional and personal development of nurses as clinical mentors. Mentorship is a valuable informative strategy within all levels of nursing and healthcare educational settings. A mentoring relationship gives back to the profession by instilling gratification and encouraging professional growth for both the mentor and the mentee.

Special Functions in Problem Solving Environments: A personal view

This paper discusses some of the philosophical and historical underpinnings of the talk “The Mathieu Functions: Computational and Historical Perspectives” given at the Maple Conference 2022. I also comment on the role Problem Solving Environments (PSEs) play in curating the computational knowledge of the 19th century, which is so necessary for us to think of special functions as answers rather than questions.

Description of Students' Learning and Innovation Skills in Global Warming Learning Class X SMA Penggerak

The 21st century is known as the century of knowledge that experiences rapid changes, to deal with it a skill is needed. One of the 21st century skills is learning and innovation skills or known as 4Cs, namely Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving, Creativity and Innovation. Students' 4Cs skills are highly demanded during the learning process, so it is important to assess students' 4Cs skills. Global warming is one of the chemistry subject matter in the penggerak school curriculum. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The study aims to describe the 4C skills of students in class XE7 SMA Negeri 2 padang with a total of 30 students. This study used an observation sheet. The results showed that overall the communication skills of students in class XE7 SMA Negeri 2 Padang were on average classified in the incompetent category (55% of students), students' collaboration skills were classified in the competent category (42% of students), students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills were classified in the incompetent category (40% of students), and creativity and innovation skills were classified in the incompetent category (88% of students).

Automated model discovery for human brain using Constitutive Artificial Neural Networks.

The brain is our softest and most vulnerable organ, and understanding its physics is a challenging but significant task. Throughout the past decade, numerous competing models have emerged to characterize its response to mechanical loading. However, selecting the best constitutive model remains a heuristic process that strongly depends on user experience and personal preference. Here we challenge the conventional wisdom to first select a constitutive model and then fit its parameters to data. Instead, we propose a new strategy that simultaneously discovers both model and parameters. We integrate more than a century of knowledge in thermodynamics and state-of-the-art machine learning to build a Constitutive Artificial Neural Network that enables automated model discovery. Our design paradigm is to reverse engineer the network from a set of functional building blocks that are, by design, a generalization of popular constitutive models, including the neo Hookean, Blatz Ko, Mooney Rivlin, Demiray, Gent, and Holzapfel models. By constraining input, output, activation functions, and architecture, our network a priori satisfies thermodynamic consistency, objectivity, symmetry, and polyconvexity. We demonstrate that-out of more than 4000 models-our network autonomously discovers the model and parameters that best characterize the behavior of human gray and white matter under tension, compression, and shear. Importantly, our network weights translate naturally into physically meaningful parameters, such as shear moduli of 1.82kPa, 0.88kPa, 0.94kPa, and 0.54kPa for the cortex, basal ganglia, corona radiata, and corpus callosum. Our results suggest that Constitutive Artificial Neural Networks have the potential to induce a paradigm shift in soft tissue modeling, from user-defined model selection to automated model discovery. Our source code, data, and examples are available at https://github.com/LivingMatterLab/CANN. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Human brain is ultrasoft, difficult to test, and challenging to model. Numerous competing constitutive models exist, but selecting the best model remains a matter of personal preference. Here we automate the process of model selection. We formulate the problem of autonomous model discovery as a neural network and capitalize on the powerful optimizers in deep learning. However, rather than using a conventional neural network, we reverse engineer our own Constitutive Artificial Neural Network from a set of modular building blocks, which we rationalize from common constitutive models. When trained with tension, compression, and shear experiments of gray and white matter, our network simultaneously discovers both model and parameters that describes the data better than any existing invariant-based model. Our network could induce a paradigm shift from user-defined model selection to automated model discovery.

Professionalisierung und Ethnographie – Xenophon Über die Thraker

Ethnography from the 4th century BCE after the Peloponnesian War and up to Alexander’s campaign has so far been underrepresented in ancient historical research. This article attempts to fill in the gap by examining the multi-layered functions of ethnographic writing, using the Thracians in the Xenophontic Anabasis as an example. Thereby, it will be shown that expert knowledge of the 4th century in particular played a formative role in describing foreign ethnic groups. Finally, ethnographic information about the Thracians significantly supports Xenophon’s self-representation as ideal military leader and philosopher.

Learn, unlearn, relearn

Media and information literacy is a key competency in the 21st century knowledge societies. It is much more than just knowing to use the digital technology. The media and information literate person knows how to learn, how knowledge is organized, and how to find, select, evaluate, organize and use information. The Institute of Library and Information Science at the University of Pécs made an online survey in 2014 about information competencies of university students all over Hungary. The aim of the survey was to get information about students’ information searching strategies, favourite resources, information seeking, selection and evaluation methods, and to base a new information literacy strategy. The results of this survey, compared with other surveys, show that during their studies students get a lot of assignments for which they need to find relevant information and literature, and analyzing them articulate a personal view about the problem. The biggest challenge for the new generation is the evaluation and selection of information. They don’t know how to make considered decisions, and very often they don’t even feel why this is important. That’s why it is crucial to develop special, professional information literacy competencies of students more efficiently. There is a special emphasis to be placed on the role of libraries, since they are the institutions that play a major role in the acquisition and development of information literacy. At the same time, this situation poses a serious challenge for libraries that they need to prepare for. There are international programs and projects that can help libraries in this endeavour.

Miként függ össze a tudás évszázadában az új kulturális környezethez való alkalmazkodás és a demokrácia minősége?

How do adaptation to the new cultural environment and the quality of democracy in the century of knowledge relate?Tamás BrachingerThe lying as a political tool is hardly new. But the propensity to deceive, and even enthusiasm, has become a driving force around the world. I most focus on two factors. Political bias is a bias or perceived bias involving the slanting or altering of information to make a political position or political candidate seem more attractive. Bias emerges in a political context when individualsengage in an inability or an unwillingness to understand a politically opposing point of view. Post-truth politics is a political culture in which debate is framed largely by appeals to emotion disconnected from the details of policy, and by the repeated assertion of talking points to which factual rebuttals are ignored. Post-truth differs from traditional contesting and falsifying of facts byrelegating facts and expert opinions to be of secondary importance relative to appeal to emotion.

Letter to the editor: Education and employment

It is possible to state that the relationship between education and employment has an important function in preparing young people for work and the future. Raising young people with the knowledge and skills of the twenty-first century has a very important function for the efficient ventilation of economic elements. The difficulty of development costs as countries lacks efficient and productive workforce. Human training environments with the characteristics of the higher education system have an important function. World countries with scarce resources have to use their budgets for higher education efficiently, legally, and ethically. The issues arising from these, the relationship between education and employment, the effect of education on employment and production efficiency, the placement of employment and productivity rates of Turkish higher education enterprises in universities in education centers, how the university budget can be used effectively and efficiently, teacher training and productive employees were discussed. Recommendations for policymakers are also presented.

The STEM Crisis and Teacher Practice: Exploring Responses to the Competing Discursive Arrangements of Education in the Sciences in a Catholic School Setting

STEM has become a pervasive part of global education reform. The STEM discourse positions the purpose of scientific education as being to prepare young people for work in a hyper-competitive 21st century knowledge economy, pushing aside alternative approaches focussed on interrogating social, moral and political issues in context. This narrative does not always sit comfortably with the holistic ambitions of many state and faith-based education systems. In this paper we will argue that these tensions emerge from deeper conflicts in the cultural-discursive arrangements around education in the advanced democratic states through an exploration of the response to a STEM curriculum project in a Catholic education system. The exploration is based on a phenomenographic analysis of reflective interviews conducted with participating teachers. We conclude that while the teachers are aware of the tensions, they may benefit from access to a language for discussing the various pressures on learning design and meaning making.

Историко-культурные аспекты ценностных и онтологических оснований гуманитарного образования

The content of the article discusses the historical and cultural aspects and the main approaches to the definition and essence of the values of humanitarian education in philosophical and psychological and pedagogical works. Particular attention among the conceptual philosophical positions is paid to the works of Heinrich Rickert, Max Weber, Immanuel Kant, the theories of representatives of Russian philosophical thought – N.A. Berdyaev, N.O. Lossky, as well as the ideas of cultural and philosophical and spiritual-religious trends in the field of humanities. The content of the article touches upon the topic of spiritual and moral quest, human striving for perfection, knowledge of God, comprehension of the true, "higher" values of the meaning of being. It is these values and meanings of being that have been the leitmotif of Russian humanitarian knowledge, culture and enlightenment for many centuries. The transformations of the ideas of axiology and ontology in the context of historical epochs and socio-cultural events are briefly presented.

Personality of College Students related with Religious Values

Abstract: Education plays a vital role in the programme of nation building. Education also emancipates the human beings and leads to liberation from ignorance. It is also said that in the twenty first century-a nation’s ability to convent knowledge into wealth and Religious good through the process of innovation is going to determine its future, according twenty first century is also termed as century of knowledge. Education is a principal instrument in awakening the child to cultural values in preparing him/her for later professional life and adjustment in their Religious life. Education is a goal oriented and continuous process that develop the adjustment ability in the child. India is a power house of software and human resources however the availability of electronics in country has not been up to the requirement for the service to its citizens. In the college students situation regular students are more successful than private students on the factors of Religious values. Boys are showing the high tendency performance than girls. Rural boys and girls students reveal low tendency than urban boys and girls. Effect of personality traits on environment (i.e. rural and urban) and sex (I,e boys & girls) are not equal on factors of Religious values.

Stakeholder’s Perspectives of the Twenty-First Century Skills

Today, the shift toward technology industries has made the applicable skills in high demand in the workforce. However, job training and education in general have not changed enough to keep up with the on-going trends. Concerns over the skills gap in our global workforce have exploded. In response to the demands of labor market and to close the skills gap, educational institution should focus on supporting skill development to cultivate the competencies that students need, making education in twenty-first century skills essential to prepare the students for the new and unknown in this fast-changing world of technology. This research aims to investigate the importance of twenty-first century skills for the employability of undergraduate students. The findings indicate that twenty-first century skills are the needed employability attributes, which transcend beyond qualifications and experience, that employers are looking for. It is also discovered from this study that the most effective way to attain twenty-first century skill is to focus on integrating twenty-first century knowledge and skills into the education support systems for our nation to realize its goal of successfully meeting the challenge of the twenty-first century.

Flipping the Undergraduate Classroom to Develop Student Analytical Thinking Skills

In Thailand, analytical thinking skills (ATS) have been identified as an essential element in the development of a 21st-century workforce. Moreover, due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the concern for student health and safety, the Thai Ministry of Education has stated that online education will become part of the New Normal in education. Therefore, it has become imperative that the most effective methods and mechanisms be found for online teaching in Thailand. Therefore, the authors investigated which factors increase Thai student ATS by flipping the classroom environment and using digital storytelling and inquiry-based learning (IBL). Therefore, this research aims to develop and evaluate the LIFD ATS instruction model to study the proposed effects of the ATS instruction model. A mixed research methodology was employed. The mean, standard deviation, and t-test were used to analyze the data. From the qualitative review, an initial learning model was developed and subsequently examined by a panel of eight education experts. After that, 40 students became the study's experimental group for the revised model. The results showed that the results of the expert assessment of the learning environment model using a flipped classroom combined with IBL and digital storytelling to promote ATS and academic achievement had appropriateness at the highest level. The evaluation of the student results using the ATS model identified four significant results. These were: 1) Post-test after the student's use of the ATS model determined their ATS abilities were higher than before the class. 2) Student learning achievement, innovation, and ICT skills increased as an outcome of the ATS model’s use. 3) The comparison of academic achievement after study of the students who studied with the format was 83.33%, higher than the specified 80% criteria and previously established assumptions. 4) The evaluation results of the model’s effectiveness determined that the learning effectiveness index (EI) of the learners was 0.6666 and the EI of the ATS was 0.6966, which was higher than 0.50, thus meeting the specified criteria. The study contributes to the knowledge concerning student ATS and these skills’ importance to a 21st century knowledge worker. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-04-06 Full Text: PDF

The Effect of Intellectual Capital and Innovative Work Behavior on Business Performance

The twenty-first century is a century of knowledge, discovery, and innovation, with rapid advances in science and information technology marking significant developments. The level of competitiveness within organizations is increasing. This truth motivates entrepreneurs to grow in order for their businesses to thrive. The major goal of this research is to examine how intellectual capital and innovative work behavior affect business performance in SMEs. The author then explains the three constructions' conceptual structure. To further understand the relationship between variables, quantitative methods based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) variance were used. Participants were chosen from SMEs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, via an online questionnaire. The findings of this research show that intellectual capital and creative work behavior have a positive and significant effect on business performance. SMEs can use intellectual capital to define expected performance and as a tool to evaluate performance to develop employees who will be able to meet the needs of SMEs in the future. Furthermore, it demonstrates that SMEs, not just large corporations, can attain high-performance levels through synchronizing intellectual capital and innovative work behavior.

Avicenna and clinical experiences in Canon of Medicine.

Avicenna used his medical knowledge and experience of scientists from different nations to create a new style in medicine. For this reason, his textbook, Canon of Medicine, has been considered a medical reference in all universities worldwide for centuries. In this article, some valuable and interesting diagnostic and therapeutic clinical experiences mentioned in the Canon of Medicine are described in five sections. This research was conducted to review Avicenna’s specific clinical observations and interventions in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases using the keywords “Avicenna” and “Canon of Medicine”. In this article, we presented several examples of diagnostic and therapeutic clinical experiences mentioned in the Canon of Medicine in 5 areas, including semiology, therapeutic strategy, urology, neurology, obstetrics, and gynecology. Canon of Medicine, as a complete medical series containing the medical experiences from different nations and Iranian medical scientists, has influenced the world’s medical knowledge for several centuries. Some of Avicenna’s clinical and experimental views can be useful from both a historical point of view and new research.