Knowledge City Research Articles

JULIUS CAESAR AND THE LARCH: BURNING QUESTIONS AT VITRUVIUS’ DE ARCHITECTVRA 2.9.15–16

Abstract This article argues that Vitruvius’ description of Julius Caesar's ‘discovery’ of the larch (larix, De arch. 2.9.15–16), previously read as a journalistic account of the author's first-hand experience in Caesar's military entourage, should instead be interpreted as a highly crafted morality tale illustrating human progress thwarted. In the passage, the use of larch wood to construct a defensive tower renders the Alpine fortress at Larignum impregnable to assault by fire; only the fear aroused by siege provokes the inhabitants to surrender to Caesar and his troops (2.9.15–16). Nevertheless, the outcome of this discovery is not a complete victory, because the logistics of importing this remarkable timber to Rome are as yet insurmountable (2.9.16). Once the siege of Larignum is recognized as a diptych to Vitruvius’ narrative of the origins of civilization, in which fire and wood likewise play essential roles (2.1.1–7), and compared with similar aitia and source histories across the De architectura, it becomes clear that Larignum and its resources emblematize obstacles to a Vitruvian conception of imperial success, in which the city of Rome catalogues and indexes architectural knowledge amassed throughout the empire.

Analysis of an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Northern Haiti to Stimulate Innovation and Reduce Poverty

In Northern Haiti, a unique experience has been developed and an innovation hub has been realised; the core of this is a City of Knowledge that is articulated around an entrepreneurial university, the Institute of Science, Technology and Graduate Studies of Haiti (ISTEAH). Spread over seven departments in the country, as its name suggests, ISTEAH is a technological university that seeks to put science and technology at the service of development by training citizens, leaders and innovators who can promote the advancement of the country. Resolutely turning towards entrepreneurship, this university is in the process of setting up an entire entrepreneurial ecosystem centred around an incubator-accelerator to create—with students, graduates and young people from around the country—technological and social enterprises to generate value, create wealth and jobs and support sustainable development. In this article, this experiment and its perspectives are analysed in light of the sustainable development goals.

Pregnant women in Sohag City's Knowledge and Practice of Health Behaviors

Pregnant women in Sohag City's Knowledge and Practice of Health Behaviors

Türk Kültüründe ve Alevi-Bektaşi İnancında Kapı-Eşik Kavramı

Türk kültüründe mekânlara ve mekânların bazı bölümlerine zahirî ve batınî manalar verilmiştir. Alevi-Bektaşi inanç ve kültürüne baktığımızda kapı ve eşik kavramlarında bu durumla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu makalede Türk kültürü ile Alevi-Bektaşi inancında yer alan kapı ve eşik kavramlarının anlamları, bu kavramların Türk mitolojisindeki yeri, İslam literatüründe nasıl ve ne şekilde yer aldığı, tarihî ve dinî kökenleri ile ibadetlerde uygulanış şekli üzerinde durulmuştur. Makalenin başında kapı ve eşik kavramlarının kelime ve kavram olarak ne tür manalar içerdiği hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Ardından eski Türklerde “Kamlık (Şaman)” geleneğinde kapı ve eşik kavramı ele alınmıştır. Makalede Alevi-Bektaşi inanç ve kültüründeki kapı ve eşik kavramlarının İslami kökenlerine de değinilmiştir. Alevi-Bektaşi inanç ve kültüründe kapı ve eşik kavramı Hz. Peygamberin “Ben ilim şehriyim. Ali onun kapısıdır” hadisine dayanmaktadır. Alevilik-Bektaşilik inancında ibadetlerde ve uygulamalarda yer alan kapı ve eşik kavramlarının Türk mitolojisindeki olaylarda ve içeriklerde yer alış biçimleri izah edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Alevi-Bektaşi inanç ve kültüründe kapı, yolun başı ya da sonunda bulunan noktayı ve aşamalı olarak başka bir makama geçiş sürecini anlatan bir sembol olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Makalede tüm bu konular ele alındıktan sonra son kısımda Alevilik- Bektaşilikte ayin-i cemde kapı ve eşik kavramlarının ne şekilde yer aldığı yazılı kaynaklar ve sözlü gelenek çerçevesinde incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türk Kültürü, Şamanizm, Alevilik-Bektaşilik, Kapı, Eşik.

The Relation between Outdoor Microclimate and People Flow in Historic City Context the Case Study of Bologna within the ROCK Project

Life quality in urban contexts is related to several interconnected factors. Lots of innovative technologies allow for the gathering of real-time information, which is helpful for analysing and interpreting significant urban dynamics and citizens’ behaviours. The presence of people in outdoor environments, particularly for social and recreational purposes, can be considered as a qualitative indicator, giving evidence of a living environment. The relationship between urban areas and the climate context has been addressed in recent years by the scientific literature. However, these studies did not report the direct correlation between people’s presence and outdoor thermal comfort in outdoor spaces. The aim of this paper is to assess whether the presence of people in outdoor public spaces, detected through human presence sensors, can be associated with outdoor microclimatic conditions (both with on-site measurement and software simulation) and outdoor thermal comfort indicators (as physiological equivalent temperature). The question is whether there exists a direct correlation between outdoor microclimate in public spaces and people’s presence, and if a public event plays a role in changing it. The research compares on-site measurements of physics variables (e.g., air temperature) and people’s presence with outdoor microclimate maps by Envi-met. The case study, carried out in the framework of the H2020 project ROCK—Regeneration and Optimization of Cultural Heritage in Creative and Knowledge cities, focuses on two squares located in Bologna’s historic city center. The conclusions show that public events are the main deciding factor influencing square crowding; nevertheless, the study reveals a relationship between thermal comfort and the number of people.

Influence of built environment on outdoor thermal comfort: A comparative study of new and old urban blocks in Guangzhou

Urban populations face increasing heat stress in cities. However, the influence of the built environment of new and old urban blocks on pedestrian thermal comfort remains unclear. This study selected typical old (Yongqingfang) and new urban areas (Knowledge City) in Guangzhou, China, as our research sites. Through field monitoring and surveys, we used physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and thermal comfort vote (TCV) to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort by thermal walk experiments. We analyzed the relationships between built environment variables, meteorological variables, and pedestrian thermal comfort at the two sites. Our analysis revealed significant differences in the built environment and meteorological conditions between the new and old urban blocks within the 60-m buffer zone. PET and TCV showed noticeable spatiotemporal variations in both sites, and their correlation was stronger in the morning (r = 0.87–0.89) than late afternoon (r = 0.60–0.70). Our stepwise regression model indicated that sky view factor and building coverage ratio significantly affected outdoor thermal comfort in old and new urban blocks. Built environment variables explained a higher percentage of the variance in PET (Yongqingfang R2: 0.59–0.82, Knowledge City R2: 0.32–0.81) than TCV (Yongqingfang R2: 0.45–0.57, Knowledge City R2: 0.48–0.69). In short, built environment variables affected thermal indices more than thermal perception. The impact of built environment variables on TCV is also greater in new urban areas than in old urban blocks. Our findings provide insights into the complex relationship between built environments and outdoor thermal comfort in different urban landscapes, which informs climate-resilient urban design.

Chronology of Events: October 2022 to December 2022

Chronology of Events:October 2022 to December 2022 Ryan Ho (bio) As a research institute based in Singapore, the EAI monitors developments in relations and interactions between China and the individual countries of Southeast Asia as well as the ASEAN grouping as a whole. This material is presented in the form of (i) a chronology of events and (ii) a list of important documents. —the Editors CHINA–ASEAN RELATIONS OCTOBER 2022 TO DECEMBER 2022: CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS OCTOBER 2022 1st–3rd The 37th Meeting of the ASEAN–China Joint Working Group on the Implementation of the Declaration of the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) takes place in Cambodia. The two sides affirm the importance of peace, security, stability and freedom of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea. They also emphasise the exercise of self-restraint, avoidance of actions that may complicate the situation and the resolution of all disputes through peaceful means in accordance with international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). 26th Chinese State Councillor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi meets with diplomatic envoys of the ASEAN countries in Beijing. The diplomatic envoys warmly congratulate China on the success of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and express enthusiasm to seize the new opportunities presented by the Chinese path to modernisation to promote mutual benefits and win-win results in the Asia-Pacific region. [End Page 204] NOVEMBER 2022 1st Chinese Premier Li Keqiang meets with the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) Central Committee Nguyen Phu Trong, who is on an official visit to China. Li points out that China is ready to import more agricultural products from Vietnam and to ensure unimpeded trade at border ports between the countries. Trong emphasises strengthening the Vietnam–China relationship that features comradeship, so as to better benefit both sides with tangible cooperation results. 1st–2nd Chinese Vice Premier Han Zheng visits Singapore and with Singapore Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee Keat co-chairs the 18th China–Singapore Joint Council for Bilateral Cooperation Meeting, the 23rd China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park Joint Steering Council Meeting, the 14th China–Singapore Tianjin Eco-City Joint Steering Council Meeting and the Sixth China–Singapore (Chongqing) Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity Joint Steering Council Meeting. Both sides agree to further deepen cooperation on such projects as the Suzhou Industrial Park, Tianjin Eco-City, the Chongqing connectivity project, the Guangzhou Knowledge City and the Singapore–China (Shenzhen) Smart City Initiative. There are also plans to build the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor, expedite negotiations on upgrading the China–Singapore free trade agreement, implement the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership at a high level, boost people-to-people and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and nurture leadership-building to enhance governance systems and capabilities to meet development needs. As a summary, Han and Heng jointly announce 19 important outcomes in green development, digital economy and connectivity between China and Singapore. 8th–13th Chinese Premier Li Keqiang visits Cambodia to attend a series of meetings with ASEAN leaders on East Asia cooperation. Li attends the 25th ASEAN–China Summit, the 25th ASEAN Plus Three (APT) Summit and the 17th East Asia Summit. 9th Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen holds bilateral talks with Chinese Premier Li Keqiang at the Peace Palace, Phnom Penh. Both sides have an in-depth exchange of views on international and regional issues of mutual interest and concern, and issue a joint communiqué. Following the talks, Li and Hun Sen witness the signing of over 10 bilateral cooperation documents covering agriculture, infrastructure, education, traditional Chinese medicine, customs, science and technology, climate change response and other fields. Also at the Peace Palace, they officially inaugurate the Phnom Penh–Sihanoukville Expressway, which was constructed under the Belt and Road Initiative, in a symbolic ceremony and conduct a handover of supporting livelihood projects. 11th The 25th ASEAN–China Summit is chaired by Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen and attended by the leaders of ASEAN member states and Chinese Premier Li Keqiang. Li, in his speech, calls for enhancing cooperation with ASEAN countries and jointly maintaining regional peace...

Вектор Штера: знание в координатах города

The “Stehr vector” is a metaphor associated with the name of the modern philosopher and sociologist of science Niko Stehr and designating the trajectory of movement towards a “knowledge society”, where intellectual achievements as a public good have the highest value – they are priceless and, therefore, are not sold or bought, and access to them is free. Since a number of obstacles are characteristic to the formation of the ascent to the knowledge society, the main one is the usurpation of cognitive resources by digital giants with the help of legal coding tools for intellectual products. Knowledge is expropriated from its creators – scientists – and then sold, thereby further enriching the “knowledge monopolists”. The “Stehr vector”, overcoming such barriers, is aimed at the future, where different forms of social exchange are developing on the model of social communications among representatives of the “creative class” (R. Florida), concentrated in the centers of knowledge – cities with great scientific and educational potential. Since the “city of knowledge” is a cognitive generator, as a result, the ability to think scientifically becomes a property of every person. The article shows that certain analogies are possible between “cities of knowledge” as a “new utopia” developing in the algorithms of the “Stehr vector”, and the first university cities in Medieval Europe, which arose and developed as accumulators of knowledge and university life. These “new Middle Ages” promise to be more intellectually free than modern knowledge capitalism. Thus, the “Stern vector” makes it possible to design not the Berdyaev dystopian version of the “New Middle Ages”, but, on the contrary, more intellectually free version than modern knowledge capitalism.

Istanbul as a "City of Design"

Istanbul as a "City of Design"

Ethnomedicinal Plants of Ghorahi Sub Metropolitan City and their Adjoining Area, Dang, District

Ghorahi is situated in the Lumbini Province Mid-Western part of Nepal. The present study was under taken Ghorahi sub-metropolitan city of Dang district indigenous knowledge on plant utilization as natural remedy and documentation of ethnomedical plant. The traditional healers, elder men and teachers were consulted as key information for the documentation of indigenous knowledge on the medicinal plants. The study was accompanied by field visits during this season. The information was taken based on local people’s knowledge. The present study has documented 34 species belongs to 23 families and 31 genera of highly utilized medicinal plants from that area used by local communities. The documentation is based on primary data collected in the field applying PRA, RRA techniques and informal interview followed by collection of plant specimen. These plants were used for the treatment of various ailments. It has been evident from the study most of the tribal group depends upon forest for firewood, fodder, holy applicants (making plates, tapari etc.). It is observed that forest is under heavy interference and its ecosystem have been change rapidly due to forest fire, lopping, grazing, fuel-wood collection etc. Therefore, indicating urgent need for conservation of these resources and indigenous knowledge about medicinal plants.

Events as a means to foster knowledge-driven urban development: Experience from the new district development in Nanjing

Events can bring important impetus to urban development. In addition to hardware investments, such as infrastructure, events also have important potential in the development of knowledge cities. Nanjing is a typical city where China's knowledge industry is rapidly growing. Since the end of the last century, Nanjing has been promoting new district development on the city's periphery and has hosted a series of events, including the 10th National Games in 2005 and the 2nd Youth Olympic Games in 2014. In this process, the city government also hopes to explore the potential of the knowledge economy and is committed to providing a new direction for urban development.This work reviews the history of Nanjing's knowledge city development from two different dimensions (land development and knowledge development) and summarises the related achievements and lessons in different periods. The authors aim to identify the diverse effects of events in urban social and economic development based on the analysis of the differences in governance structure between land development and knowledge development. This work contributes to the literature on events and provides insights into the potential uses of events as a mechanism for knowledge-driven urban development.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IBN KHALDUN'S URBAN PLANNING AND THE PLANS OF THE LOCAL AUTHORITY OF BANDAR BARU BANGI

Urban planning is a combination of two important factors: arts and science. It is used to facilitate the economic, social, political and physical changes of an area, including the selection of urban location, shape, and impact of urban planning. Comprehensive planning realizes the needs of the population with strong support from the local political authority. This study analyses the relationship between Ibn Khaldun's urban planning principles to Bandar Baru Bangi's urban planning and physical development. This study uses the content analysis method from the primary source of Ibn Khaldun's “Mukadimah” and government documents; the Rancangan Tempatan Majlis Perbandaran Kajang (Pengubahan 4) 2020 [RT MPKj (P4) 2020]. It is the official document that discusses the proposal of land use and physical development in the Majlis Perbandaran Kajang (MPKj) area. Special planning guidelines were used to develop Bandar Baru Bangi (BBB) as "Bandar Ilmu" (Knowledge City) and also part of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) project. Urban planning by Ibn Khaldun and the Cyber Centre Planning Guidelines by MPKj in RT MPKj (P4) 2020 have similarities and differences. It is because of the wide time interval between both (years 1344 and 2011). The impact of technology provides different views and plans in both. However, urban planning goals and objectives remain the same: to provide comfort, convenience, and peace for people to conduct daily routines while improving security and progress.

Artistic research in processes of urban change

Can the figure of the city of knowledge be an inspiration to commissioning of artistic research in contexts of urban change? This article argues that it represents a way beyond the seemingly dead ends that have been forged by the temporary and creative city. This article presents some initial reflections on this subject and reflects upon how artistic research expands the roles ascribed to public art.
 The conceptual approach to understand the relations between knowledge and the development of cities applied in this article, draws on the idea that cities are learned developed by urban geographer Colin MacFarlane (MacFarlane, 2011). The article applies MacFarlane’s concept to artistic research in public space and argues that artistic research as public art can move divisions between what is extra-public and public, known and unknown. Drawing on public art projects that have relations to the urban development of Bjørvika, the article argues that artistic research of the city produces new ways to “learn the city” and conceive change.

Robust optimization should be used to replace PTV in radiotherapy treatment planning.

Medical PhysicsEarly View POINT COUNTERPOINT Robust optimization should be used to replace PTV in radiotherapy treatment planning Marie-Claude Biston, Unité de Physique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon cedex, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorXiaoying Liang, Radiation Oncology Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USASearch for more papers by this authorZuofeng Li, Corresponding Author zuofeng.li@outlook.com Radiation Oncology Department, Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Correspondence Zuofeng Li, Radiation Oncology Department, Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, #9 CIJI Road, Sino-Singapore Knowledge City, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Email: zuofeng.li@outlook.comSearch for more papers by this author Marie-Claude Biston, Unité de Physique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon cedex, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorXiaoying Liang, Radiation Oncology Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USASearch for more papers by this authorZuofeng Li, Corresponding Author zuofeng.li@outlook.com Radiation Oncology Department, Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Correspondence Zuofeng Li, Radiation Oncology Department, Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, #9 CIJI Road, Sino-Singapore Knowledge City, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Email: zuofeng.li@outlook.comSearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 September 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.15249Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

Smart City and its Prototypes: social perceptions (outcomes of social analysis)

The term Smart City (digital city, cybercity, city of knowledge, eco-city) is being increasingly used in the social space and media since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The term implies the comprehensive activities of international organizations (UN, EU, UAE, etc.) and cities to transform the social environment of megacities. In the presence of a significant number of publications related to IT technologies, clarification of the meaning and content of the social characteristics of the new phenomenon requires further research. The pilot-study of the social perceptions of the term Smart City was implemented by means of a content analysis of scientific literature, direct and remote polling of citizens using a random sample method (459 respondents). The respondents on the basis of the semantic differential method (M. Rokeach) have assessed the image of a Smart City, as well as a number of other images associated with its understanding on 16 and 28 scale-scripts, specially developed questionnaires containing also C. Alderfer’s and M. L scher’s tests. The received answers were subjected to the procedure of factorial and correlation analysis separately in each group of respondents. When processing the research results, the SPSS program was used.

The work of uncertainty

The work of uncertainty

Cultural heritage as activator of circular urban dynamics

Cultural heritage can represent a key factor in circular processes on an urban scale that trigger relationships between users and the surrounding environment, generating new urban capital and enhancing individual and collective capacities. This topic is addressed through a review of academic literature and policy documents and a comparative analysis of two regeneration processes carried out in the cities of Bologna and Bogotà: the H2020 ROCK – Regeneration and Optimisation of Cultural Heritage in creative and Knowledge cities (GA 730280) project – on the historical university area, and the experiments on the former Ravone railway station of the OBRAS – Opportunities for Boosting urban capabilities project – developed in parallel on the La Sabana Station in Bogotá, Colombia.

INTERNALISASI JILBAB PADA WANITA MUSLIM (Studi Fenomenologi Antara Habblumnilaah Dan Habblumninannas Dalam Fenomena Sosial Di Kota Metro Lampung)

This study discusses the phenomenon of veiled women in Metro Lampung City. Furthermore, the method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using the phenomenological method. The results of this study are the first is the understanding of veiled women in the metro city of religious knowledge already understands the obligation to wear good clothes, religion or because of fear of the sins that have been committed. the second is wearing a veil that is forced, for example in an institution enforcing special rules in wearing a veil. Due to feeling uneasy, because the place he worked on average wearing a hijab. third, to look for comfort in life, because a woman who wears a hijab will feel protected. fourth, follow the current lifestyle. Lots of women wear hijab for work needs as a model, or endorsant. And the other thing is to make it look more beautiful and modern style. The fifth is strategy in the world of politics, namely using the veil as a tool to attract public sympathy. In a survey conducted by researchers proved that there are still many students in one of the Islamic tertiary institutions in the city of metro and the community said that he was wearing a hijab to meet the desires of lifestyle or something that is a trend. On the basis of the survey, one of the causes underlying the use of the headscarf by students themselves can be obtained. These conditions prove that the veil is not merely due to religious knowledge. It is possible that women who wear the hijab because of a psychic background are the need for the peace of mind that is obtained from the hijab as Muslim women's clothing which is closed to cover the whole body and is the best clothing.

العلاقة بین المؤرخ والسلطة (ابن دحیة الکلبی والملک الکامل أنموذجاً)

يهدف هذا البحث إلى إلقاء الضوء على العلاقة بين کلا من ابن دحية والملک الکامل وأثر ذلک على الحياة الثقافية في مصر، ويعد ابن دحية مثالا لطالب العلم الرحالة، الذي اتخذ من الرحلة وسيلة لطلب العلم، وجمع علما غزيرا عن طريق التجوال بين مدن العلم في الدولة الإسلامية شرقا وغربا، دخل ابن دحية مصر سنة 622هـ / 1225م، واستقر فيها، والتقى بطلاب العلم في مساجد القاهرة، إلى أن بلغ أمره للملک العادل، وطلب منه أن يتولى تعليم ابنه وولي عهده ناصر الدين محمد بن محمد بن أيوب، ومن هنا بدأت العلاقة بين ابن دحية والکامل منذ مرحلة مبکرة من حياة الکامل قبل توليه الحکم، وذلک في مرحلة شبابه حيث کان وليا لعهد أبيه الملک العادل. واستمرت هذه الصلة بعد وصول الکامل للحکم، مما دعى الملک الکامل لبناء مدرسة الحديث، وعهد برئاستها إلى ابن دحية ، واستمر ابن دحية على قربه من السلطان، يزاول عمله في مدرسة الحديث حتى حدثت الجفوة بين الملک الکامل وابن دحية، وعزله عن تولى المدرسة ، وعهد إلى أخيه أبو عمرو عثمان بتوليها، واستمر ابن دحية في مصر، لم يخرج منها حتى وفاته سنة 633هـ/1235م.وقد قسمت الدراسة إلى مقدمة وتمهيد وثلاثة مباحث ،تناولت في التمهيد التعريف بابن دحية، ورحلته العلمية، وأهم شيوخه، وجاء المبحث الأول بعنوانه: رحلة ابن دحية إلى مصر وعلاقته بالملک الکامل، والمبحث الثاني وعنوانه: مکانة ابن دحية العلمية وتباين آراء العلماء فيه، وأخيرا جاء المبحث الثالث بعنوانه: تغير العلاقة بين ابن دحية والملک الکامل. وجاءت الخاتمة في النهاية، لتسجيل أبرز ما توصل إليه البحث من نتائج وتوصيات . The relationship between historian and authority (Ibn Dahya al-Kalbi and al-Malik al-Kamil as a model) Asma Jalal Saleh Department of Islamic History , Faculty of Human Studies Girls Branch Tafna Ashraf Dakahlia, Al-Azhar University, Egypt . E- mail: asmaa. galal @azhar.edu.eg Abstract: The relationship between the historian and the authority (Ibn Dahya al-Kalbi and The king al-Kamil as a model), this study sheds light on the relationship between both Ibn Dahya and The king al-Kamil and its impact on cultural life in Egypt. Ibn Dahya is an example of the traveler student of knowledge, who used the trip as a means to seek knowledge and gathered abundant knowledge by wandering between the cities of knowledge in the Islamic State, east and west. Ibn Dahya entered Egypt in the year 622 AH / 1225 AD, and settled there, and met students of knowledge in the mosques of Cairo, until his command reached the just king, and he asked him to take charge of the education of his son and his heir, Nasir al-Din Muhammad bin Muhammad ibn Ayyub, from here the relationship between Ibn Dahya and al-Kamil began. From an early stage in Al-Kamil's life before assuming power, and that was during his youth, when he was the crown prince of his father, the just king. This link continued after Al-Kamil came to power, which called Al-Kamil to build a school of hadith, and entrusted its leadership to Ibn Dahiya, and Ibn Dahya continued his proximity to the Sultan, practicing his work in the school of hadith until a gap occurred between The king al-Kamil and Ibn Dahya, and his isolation from assuming the school, and the era of To his brother Abu Amr Othman to take over it, and Ibn Dahya continued in Egypt, and he did not leave it until his death in the year 633 AH / 1235 AD. The study was divided into an introduction, and three sections, which dealt with in the preface the introduction to Ibn Dahya, his scientific journey, and the most important of his sheikhs, and the first research came with its title: Ibn Dahya’s Journey to Egypt and his relationship with the Perfect King, and the second topic entitled: The Scientific Status of Ibn Dahya and the Contrast of Scholars ’Views on it, and finally The third topic was entitled: The Change of the Relationship between Ibn Dahya and The king Al-Kamil. The conclusion came at the end, to record the most prominent findings and recommendations of the research

The Urban Capitals: A New Guide for Sustainable and Smart Development

Global attention is focused on transforming cities and urban areas and trying to trace their success path. This research assumes that cognitive development is based on what is termed knowledge capital, a framework that includes a combination of core capital for the operation of knowledge-based economic processes and mechanisms to enhance them in the areas of product development. This research aims to determine aspects of development and the foundations and mechanisms of knowledge cities. The indicators include the knowledge cluster, and knowledge diversity was identified as a product of the urban capital’s implementation, measured by indicators of urban, social, economic, and cultural dimensions of urban capital. The indicators derived from the theoretical framework were applied for research in several international and Arab experiments in the applied part of the research and applying these indicators within a local situation.