Knowledge-based Society Research Articles

Impact of Education Tourism on Bahrain’s Economic Growth: A Perspective

The existence of international students makes an investigation of the impact on a country’s economy topical. Despite the complexity of measuring the economic impact of education tourism, many countries have conducted analyses to justify that international higher education students have a positive impact on the public economy. In the Gulf States, efforts to reform and modernize higher education to create knowledge-based societies are ongoing. Member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) share a regional vision to make the Arab Gulf a hub for a world-class education. Arab higher education systems that were long characterized by mass production of graduates and incremental support from the state are now shifting to new Western models of higher education. Several factors, including the development of the knowledge economy, massive access to higher education and increasing higher education differentiation are contributing to this push. To achieve this vision, the Gulf States have adopted the Western research university model by hosting international branch campuses (IBCs) in the region. GCC governments have also embraced study abroad scholarship programs that sponsor large numbers of Gulf nationals to study in Western universities.

ОБРАЗОВАННЫЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК КАК СУБЪЕКТ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ФОРМИРУЮЩЕМСЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕ ЗНАНИЙ

The article considers the increasing role of an educated man as a subject of management in the forming knowledge-based society. The author criticizes managerism, scientistic understanding of an educated man as a “company member” and concludes that an educated man of the knowledge-based society is a philosopher of management, professional and citizen. Development of an educated man as a subject of management occurs under the conditions of forming the industrial society, meritocracy, in the process of working in the “social sector”. The paper emphasizes that solidarity of an educated men, state and nation for the sake of public welfare is an instrument to govern the Russian society.

Problem-Based Strategies for Teaching Military English

Abstract Educators generally concur to the idea that one of the most essential goals of schooling is to empower students to become efficient problem solvers for the knowledge-based society. Problem-based learning (PBL) is an instructional methodology mainly focused on developing students’ abilities to deal with solving realistic issues by employing team-oriented strategies. The present paper discusses the opportunities of integrating PBL in the teaching of English for specific purposes, starting from the firm belief that by putting students in the role of effective collaborators, critical thinkers, creative problem-solvers, and capable communicators, the proposed strategies efficiently prepare cadets for real-life environments, for the challenges of their professional careers, and for an active citizenship. Drawing on a solid theoretical conceptualization of problem-based instruction, the article outlines the advantages of PBL for both teachers and students and proposes a series of practical strategies that are intended to facilitate our cadets’ development in four key skills – critical thinking, creativity, communication and collaboration, –with the help of project-based learning.

大学・知識・市場:特集にあたって

大学・知識・市場:特集にあたって

Subjectivity, governance, and changing conditions of knowledge production in the life sciences

Knowledge producers are ascribed a key role for societal development today, as they produce a key resource for knowledge-based societies. Even as the institutional, social, and cultural environments of research change (c.f. “evaluation society,” “academic capitalism”), we know surprisingly little about how this results in different research practices and knowledge. Building on experiences of studying research cultures in the life sciences, I argue in this paper that by studying researchers’ subjectification, we learn how changing conditions are actually translated into a transformation of research processes and about the role of researchers as active agents in this transformation. Put differently, I investigate how we can study subjectification as a locus of change in research cultures. I discuss possible methodological cornerstones of using subjectification as conceptual approach for studying research cultures. Along some analytical extracts, I further demonstrate how this enables us to see tacit forms of governance in cultures of knowledge production.

Virtual Exhibitions in Cultural Institutions: Useful Applications of Informatics in a Knowledge-based Society

Virtual Exhibitions in Cultural Institutions: Useful Applications of Informatics in a Knowledge-based Society

THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF AN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY IN FORMATION OF INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL OF HUMAN CAPITAL

THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF AN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY IN FORMATION OF INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL OF HUMAN CAPITAL

Is Digital Literacy Changing the Way We Think?

La littératie numérique change-t-elle notre façon de penser ? Dans ce commentaire, je réponds à l’opinion exprimée par Kolinksy et Morais (2018) selon laquelle les chercheurs actuels sous-estiment la contribution de l’alphabétisation à la cognition en explorant l’évolution de la nature de la lecture avec l’émergence de la littéracie numérique. En présentant les conclusions de chercheurs contemporains, j’examine comment les processus de compréhension en lecture évoluent avec l’utilisation croissante des médias numériques, et en quoi ces changements peuvent modifier nos processus cognitifs et notre façon de penser. L’utilisation accrue des médias numériques comme outils de lecture pourrait réduire bon nombre des processus cognitifs nécessaires à la compréhension de la lecture et à l’apprentissage en général. En même temps, le développement d’une culture numérique efficace peut ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles façons de penser et de traiter l’information, renforçant ainsi les compétences cognitives nécessaires pour réussir dans la société actuelle fondée sur la connaissance. Je conclus que, parallèlement à l’alphabétisation, la cognition évolue et que de nombreux chercheurs en lecture sont bien conscients de porter des lunettes lettrées.

Audiodescrição: Acessibilidade para Cursos EaD

Considerando a importância dos recursos educacionais para a formação na modalidade a distância, questiona-se: Como torná-los acessíveis para pessoas com deficiência visual? Com base nessa problemática, o objetivo neste artigo é apresentar um conjunto de diretrizes para recursos educacionais comumente utilizados na modalidade a distância, de modo que estes sejam acessíveis às pessoas com deficiência visual. Para atender esse objetivo, os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para esta pesquisa teórico-prática foi a busca exploratória e descritiva da literatura sob a abordagem qualitativa intersectada ao estudo de caso do Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Acadêmico Andreza Lopes. Como resultados, definiu-se um conjunto de diretrizes acessíveis, a partir do conceito e prática da audiodescrição, para orientar o desenvolvimento de diferentes recursos educacionais comumente utilizados em cursos EaD. Apesar de o resultado emergir de um estudo de caso, considera-se que tais diretrizes podem ser aplicadas a outras instituições, ampliando a oferta de cursos para pessoas com deficiência visual, potencializando o compromisso de incluir maior número de indivíduos que buscam o desenvolvimento continuado na sociedade atual, uma sociedade baseada no conhecimento.
 Palavras chave: Educação a Distância. Acessibilidade. Inclusão. Audiodescrição.

The Production of Academic Technological Knowledge: an Exploration at the Research Group Level

Public research institutions have a key role in a knowledge-based society as they lead scientific research and generate patentable technology directly applicable to industrial productive processes. In this paper, we address the latter role. Several well-known papers have dealt with the production of university patents at the level of universities and laboratories; however, despite the relevance of research groups in national research systems, their capacity as producers of patents has been neglected. In this paper, we fill this gap by testing the effect of previous collaborations and the scientific background of the group on the production of knowledge, measured by the number of patents. In the framework of a knowledge production function, we estimate several empirical count models with a sample of 1120 research groups affiliated to the three major public research institutions in Spain. Our findings suggest that the production of patents at the research group level is positively and significantly correlated with the variables capturing private collaboration and scientific background. The results also point to significant differences in the production of technological knowledge across institutions and areas of research.

The digital economy: the use of explainer videos in SMEs' communication

Understanding the emerging development in a digital economy is one of the most important features of today's knowledge-based society. The digital economy has created new opportunities and also challenges. Many SMEs have a hard time explaining the true value of their ideas, products, projects, or other important business issues, they need to tackle. Explainer videos represent one of the modern and effective tools to communicate messages with the target audiences in the modern business world. In other words: explainer videos translate complex issues into simple stories, which people enjoy watching. Owing to its many advantages, the purpose of explainer videos can be diverse.

The digital economy: the use of explainer videos in SMEs' communication

Understanding the emerging development in a digital economy is one of the most important features of today's knowledge-based society. The digital economy has created new opportunities and also challenges. Many SMEs have a hard time explaining the true value of their ideas, products, projects, or other important business issues, they need to tackle. Explainer videos represent one of the modern and effective tools to communicate messages with the target audiences in the modern business world. In other words: explainer videos translate complex issues into simple stories, which people enjoy watching. Owing to its many advantages, the purpose of explainer videos can be diverse.

Need of Information Literacy in Higher Education

The knowledge economy is based primarily on the production and strategic use of information and knowledge. The ability to produce and use information effectively is thus a vital source of skills for citizens of the world. As India is moving towards information and knowledge-based society, it must be necessary for university students, research scholars and faculty members to possess competencies and information literacy skills to accomplish their research goals. Information literacy(IL) is becoming an increasingly important component of the higher educational curriculum, with many disciplines incorporating elements of information literacy training within their traditional teaching. This article will highlight on necessity and importance of information literacy in higher education.

How Far Can Copyright Be Stretched? Framing the Debate on Whether New and Different Forms of Creativity Can Be Protected

This paper expands on whether copyright protection may be available for certain new and non-conventional works as diverse as graffiti, sports movements, dj-sets, culinary presentations, jokes, magic tricks, works created by artificial intelligence and engineered DNA. The potential expansion of copyright in a knowledge-based society is a relevant and topical subject at the moment also in light of the current scholarly and policy debates on the modernisation of copyright rules in many countries, including the EU and US. The issue of whether copyright can protect certain new and non-traditional products of human ingenuity is here addressed by carrying out a specific-work-related analysis of core tenets of copyright laws, including copyrightable subject matter, originality, fixation and authorship requirements, functionality exception, morality, and public policy provisions.

Strategies and Resources for the Acquisition and Learning of Communicative Competence in the Foreign Language

The European Recommendation on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning (2006) advocates communication in both the mother tongue and the foreign language as an essential learning strategy for citizens in a knowledge-based society. In Spanish education, linguistic competence has been widely developed and researched. However, the Common European Framework of Reference divides communicative competence into linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic subcompetences. Considering this, the aim of the present paper is to provide strategies and resources to develop these three subcompetences in the foreign language and content and language integrated learning (CLIL) classrooms. The results will allow both teachers and learners to know which aspects speakers of foreign languages must master if they want to become communicatively competent.

Les corps d’inspection garants de la qualité de savoirs durables et de leur transmission

Devant le défi d’une société de la connaissance, les États doivent instituer des organes de contrôle de la qualité des savoirs et de leur transmission. En France, les corps d’inspection créés au début du 19ème siècle n’ont eu de cesse d’évaluer les professeurs, les établissements, les politiques et les dispositifs. Actuellement, l’analyse des activités des inspecteurs montre un grand éclatement de leur fonction qui ne facilite pas leur mission essentielle d’évaluation et d’amélioration scientifique, didactique et pédagogique des disciplines enseignées. Quatre pistes sont proposées pour consolider le travail d’évaluation et répondre aux défis économiques, culturels et scolaires, de la mondialisation.

Do students belong to Florida’s creative class?

PurposeIn a knowledge-based society, one of the main driving forces of prosperity at city and regional levels is the ability to attract students and recently qualified graduates. The purpose of this paper is to identify the urban factors that contribute to “attractiveness” from a student perspective and to subsequently analyse the influence of these factors on students’ location choices. In the corresponding case study, the criteria identified were used to evaluate student satisfaction with the German city of Osnabrück.Design/methodology/approachA multi-level empirical research concept was used to analyse the relevant criteria. Focus group discussions served as the basis to design and conduct a survey of almost 2,300 students in the university city of Osnabrück at the end of 2016. A follow-up study in November 2017 at two universities in Berlin provided data for comparison.FindingsAccessible – safe – clean and with affordable housing: these terms sum up the core expectations that students have of an attractive city. In contrast to the findings of Richard Florida regarding the creative class, cultural opportunities, exciting nightlife and a multicultural population were not important factors among the survey participants.Research limitations/implicationsAs the study was conducted in two cities only, the findings cannot be generalised. It should be replicated in at least five other cities to validate and compare the research findings presented here. Furthermore, this study focused on the factors influencing the attractiveness of the city as a whole. However, the attractiveness of a specific neighbourhood may be of greater relevance to the decision-making process. As housing plays a major role, students’ particular needs with regard to accommodation should also be examined at greater depth.Practical implicationsInsights generated by the empirical study provide relevant information that may assist city stakeholders in taking effective measures regarding place management to attract and retain students.Originality/valueTo date, little research has been undertaken to empirically examine the specific factors that German students look for when deciding where to study and live. The goal of this paper is to present new empirical insights concerning the quality-of-life factors that influence students’ decision-making processes.

On an Increasingly Yield Curve of Knowledge

Abstract The paper examines the behaviour of the yield curve of the knowledge considered as production factor. The concepts of complementarity and substitutability among classical production factors are revisited in order to put the bases to analyse the special production factor (a species of the neo-production factors) namely knowledge. In this context, some distinctions are made between information and knowledge putting in view the added value of knowledge related to information. Some graphical construction and algebraic formalisms are convoked in order to better ground the final conclusions regarding the increasing nature of the knowledge yield curve in the knowledge-based society. The approach is preponderantly logic and conceptualized, trying to get general results which could then be tested, by other researchers, in order either to corroborate or to reject them.

A collective organizational learning model for organizational development

PurposeOrganizational learning is traditionally structured with conventional in-house learning models aiming to equip employees with practical skills for operational needs. In contrast, contemporary goals emphasize unstructured organizational learning provided with learning environments to facilitate employees’ formal and informal knowledge creation. Therefore, the conventional organizational learning models are facing tremendous challenges, and it is crucial to change the traditional modes of practice into a new approach of collective learning and knowledge transfer. As well, the emergence of innovative business environments and tacit knowledge-based society urges a new form of organizational learning model to cope with employees’ learning, knowledge transfer and even knowledge management. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors’ team applied a typological review for systematically analyzing current organizational learning models aiming to modify and create a new collective model.FindingsThe new model covers the strengths of existing approaches from which the fundamental 3Ps (i.e. principles, purposes and processes of organizational learning) concept is derived from incorporating a development perspective of organizational trajectories and technological innovations.Originality/valueThe authors envisage that the new model can facilitate organizations to assess and adapt their organizational learning needs and orientations by applying this organic and dynamic model which emphasizes assessment in relation to the competitive environment, technological trends and organizational growth.

デジタルアーカイブと人材育成〜知識基盤社会を支える人材-デジタル・アーキビスト-育成教育〜

デジタルアーカイブと人材育成〜知識基盤社会を支える人材-デジタル・アーキビスト-育成教育〜