Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Scores Research Articles

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ABOUT ANTIBIOTTIC USE, SELF-MEDICATION AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AMONG FINAL YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS AND INTERNS AT A MEDICAL COLLEGE IN LALITPUR, NEPAL

Background:Antibiotic resistance is a global crisis posing a considerable threat, especially, to developing countries and can cause 10 million deaths by 2050. Medical students as future doc­tors play an essential role in promoting the rational use of antibiotics. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the respondents’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding an­tibiotic use, antibiotic self-medication, and antibiotic resistance and compare the KAP among different subgroups of respondents at KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among final year medical students and interns from Sep­tember to October 2019. A structured questionnaire with 22 statements for assessing knowledge, 13 statements for attitude and 12 statements for practice was used as a data collection tool. Differ­ences in the KAP scores among different subgroups were studied using appropriate statistical tests. Results: A total of 131 respondents participated, and 76(58%) were female. Most were from the Brahmin ethnic group 54(41.2%) while 82(62.6%) had relatives in the medical field. Ninety-three (71%) were final year medical students and 38(29%) were medical interns. The knowledge scores were high (76) among most subgroups of respondents. The attitude score was 58 out of 65 and prac­tice score was 6 out of 12. Knowledge scores were higher among female respondents, and practice scores were higher among interns (p=0.002). Conclusions: The study showed good knowledge and attitude regarding antibiotics among the final year medical students and the interns. Interns were found to have a better practice than the final year students for using antibiotics rationally.

COVID-19 Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practices in a Southeastern City in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Although guidelines and recommendations for the prevention of COVID-19 are in place, it is vital to assess how well people know and practice them, as well as people’s attitude towards these measures to inform robust interventions. This study examined COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices (KAP) among adult residents of the city of Onitsha in South-Eastern Nigeria. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 140 adult residents of Onitsha city in March 2020 before the lockdown. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe COVID-19 KAP, information gaps and needs, and associations between KAP and demographic characteristics. About 60.7% of respondents had high COVID-19 knowledge, 56.4% had a good attitude towards COVID-19 management, and 53.6% adopted good COVID-19 prevention practices. Participants with bachelor/postgraduate degrees had higher than average COVID-19 knowledge (15.42±0.57, p<0.0001), attitude (1.11±0.10, p<0.0025), and prevention practice (5.02±0.32 p<0.0005) scores. Over half of the participants correctly identified virus as the cause of COVID-19 (60%, p<0.01) and knew that COVID-19 could be transmitted through contaminated surfaces (59.3%, p<0.05) and infected droplets (58.6%, p<0.05). About three-quarters of the participants (75%, p<.0001) indicated needing more information on COVID-19 compared to only a quarter (25%, p<.0001) that stated that they experienced no gap in information. A moderate proportion of our study population had high COVID-19 KAP scores. Our study findings can inform future COVID-19 program planning to ensure a more targeted and effective intervention strategy to prevent and control the disease spread among residents of Onitsha city. Running Title: COVID-19 Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP)

Climate change and dengue fever knowledge, attitudes and practices in Bangladesh: a social media-based cross-sectional survey.

Bangladesh experienced its worst dengue fever (DF) outbreak in 2019. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among university students in Bangladesh and significant factors associated with their prevention practices related to climate change and DF. A social media-based (Facebook) cross-sectional KAP survey was conducted and secondary data of reported DF cases in 2019 extracted. Logistic regression and spatial analysis were run to examine the data. Of 1500 respondents, 76% believed that climate change can affect DF transmission. However, participants reported good climate change knowledge (76.7%), attitudes (87.9%) and practices (39.1%). The corresponding figures for DF were knowledge (47.9%), attitudes (80.3%) and practices (25.9%). Good knowledge and attitudes were significantly associated with good climate change adaptation or mitigation practices (p<0.05). Good knowledge, attitudes and previous DF experiences were also found to be significantly associated with good DF prevention practices (p<0.001). There was no significant positive correlation between climate change and DF KAP scores and the number of DF cases. Findings from this study provide baseline data that can be used to promote educational campaigns and intervention programs focusing on climate change adaptation and mitigation and effective DF prevention strategies among various communities in Bangladesh and similar dengue-endemic countries.

A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitude and practice associated with COVID-19 among undergraduate students in China

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has become a great threat to public health, which has greatly impacted the study and life of undergraduate students in China. This study aims to perform a survey of their knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) associated with COVID-19.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was designed to gather information regarding the COVID-19 related KAP among undergraduates during the home isolation in the outbreak. Subjects were recruited from 10 universities in Shaanxi Province, China. Enrollees voluntarily submitted their answers to a pre-designed questionnaire online.ResultsA total of 872 subjects (female, 534; male, 338) were enrolled with ages from 17 to 25 years old. This cohort included 430 medical and 442 non-medical students, 580 freshmen and 292 higher school year students. There were 453 from public schools and 442 from private school, residing in 28 regions and provinces at the time of study. Results showed that appropriate knowledge was acquired by 82.34% subjects; the levels were significantly higher in undergraduates from public universities and medical majors than those from private schools and non-medical majors (p<0.05). 73.81% subjects reported positive attitudes; females showed significantly higher levels of positive attitudes than males (p<0.05). Proactive practice was found in 87.94% subjects. Using a common scoring method, the overall scores for Knowledge, Attitude and Practice were 4.12 ± 0.749 (range: 0 ~ 5), 8.54 ± 1.201 (range: 0 ~ 10), and 8.91 ± 1.431 (range: 0 ~ 10), respectively. There was a positive correlation between attitude and practice (r = 0.319, p < 0.05) in the whole study group. Total KAP score was 21.57 ± 2.291 (range: 0 ~ 25), which was significantly different between gender groups and major groups.ConclusionsMost undergraduates acquired necessary knowledge, positive attitude and proactive practice in response to COVID-19 outbreak; but their KAP scores significantly varied by gender, major and school types.

Knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practices of food technical assistants toward hazard analysis critical control point in Isfahan, Iran

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the levels of food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of food technical assistants (FTAs) working in dairy processing plants (DPPs) with different grades of prerequisite programs (PRPs) checklist. Design/methodology/approach An observational cross-sectional study was carried out by using a self-administered questionnaire and interviewing 76 FTAs occupied in DPPs in the city of Isfahan, Iran. Findings Out of a total score of 100, the participants received scores for knowledge (79.5 ± 14.9), attitudes (75.2 ± 9.9) and practices (86 ± 11.6) referred to the principles of Hazard analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). It was found correlations between food safety knowledge and attitudes of FTAs (r = 0.38, p ≤ 0), knowledge and practices (r = 0.21, p = 0.03) and between attitudes and practices (r = 0.36, p ≤ 0). Moreover, there were also significant correlations between KAP scores and age (knowledge: r = 0.18, p = 0.06; attitude: r = 0.25, p = 0.01; practice: r = 0.22, p = 0.02) and KAP scores and job satisfaction level (knowledge: r = 0.27, p = 0. 01; attitude: r = 0.22, p = 0.02; practice: r = 0.27, p = 0). There was no significant correlation between educational background and KAP scores. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found in terms of gender. Originality/value Education of FTAs about food safety issues seems necessary. Such training should not only focus on theoretical aspects of knowledge but also be practical to foster positive attitudes toward food safety and promote practices among FTAs. Consideration to all principles of PRPs is recommended to implement food safety management system (FSMS) in food processing plants (FPPs).

A Cross Sectional Study to Assess the Impact of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of Parents on Immunization Coverage of their Children

Background: Many studies proved that, parents’ knowledge on the risks and benefits of vaccination is directly proportional to the attitude and practice in immunizing their children. As parents are the decision makers, their KAP towards vaccination play a major role in achieving adequate immunization coverage of the community. Objective: To assess the impact of parent’s KAP on immunization coverage of their children. Method: A cross sectional study enrolled parents of children aged 2-5 years visiting the pediatric department of JSS Hospital, Mysuru. A validated KAP questionnaire in local language was used as the study tool. Median split method was used to categorize the parent’s KAP into adequate and inadequate. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test and One Way ANOVA. Results: The mean KAP score of the study population was 15.25 and 56.54% (n=95) of them scored more than the mean KAP. The adequate KAP score was observed among 51.19% of the study population and 48.81% had inadequate KAP scores. The study identified a statistically significant association between the KAP scores of the parents and the immunization coverage of their children. Significant association was also observed between the KAP scores and factors such as number of kids, place of stay , educational and socioeconomic status of the parent. Conclusion: It is important to understand the KAP of parents towards immunization of their children and develop and implement suitable interventions/strategies to improve the immunization coverage.

INFLUENCE OF PHARMACEUTICALINFLUENCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE ACTIVITIES ON KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE (KAP) AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS IN A TERTI CARE ACTIVITIES ON KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE (KAP) AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: To assess the influence of pharmaceutical care activities on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) among type 2 diabetic patients.&#x0D; Methods: A total of about 301 patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were recruited from a tertiary care hospital. Patients were educated about their disease condition, lifestyle modifications and diet regimen to be followed and were given instructions for improving medication adherence. In the initial session, no pharmaceutical care was given, in the second session patient counseling was given verbally and in the last session patient counseling was given both verbally and non-verbally by means of pamphlet distribution. KAP questionnaire and glycemic levels (glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar and post-prandial blood sugar) of participants were obtained at baseline and at follow up.&#x0D; Results: The baseline values of FBS in patients before intervention was found to be 176.5±74.46 mg/dL and it was reduced to 140.7±43.9 mg/dL after 3 mo. Henceforth, there was also an improvement in the PPBS values which was found to be 254±77.3 mg/dL at the baseline and was 212.9±54.2 mg/dL after intervention. The baseline values of HbA1c is 8.144±1.727% and after intervention, value reduced to about 7.173±2.768%. After the intervention, it was found to be that 30%, 16% and 12% reduction in FBS, PPBS and HbA1c values and the P-value (&lt;0.0001) found to be statistically significant. KAP scores also found to be improved after the intervention and statistically significant. The results clearly indicate that through proper guidance and educating the patients by the pharmacist is beneficial in managing the glycemic levels and reduce further complications.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study concluded that the pharmaceutical care by the pharmacist is highly essentially and useful for the patients to manage the glycemic index and prevent further diabetic complications.

Nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding postoperative pain management at selected hospitals, Bharatpur, Nepal

Background: Acute and severe pain after surgery is the major concern of operated patients and health professionals where the vital responsibilities goes to the nurses for managing pain satisfactorily. Hence, the nurses require to have adequate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) to carry out such responsibilities.&#x0D; Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to find out the nurses’ KAP regarding postoperative pain (POP) management. Total 74 nurses of postoperative wards were selected from four hospitals at Bharatpur with non-probability enumerative sampling technique. Data were collected with the structured self-administered questionnaire for knowledge, five-point Likert scale for attitude and observation checklist for practice. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics for levels of KAP; Chi-square for association between levels of KAP with selected variables and spearman rank correlation to determine relationship among KAP regarding POP management.&#x0D; Results: The study showed that 85.1% nurses had low level of knowledge, 55.4% had satisfactory level of attitude and 52.7% had low level of practice. Statistically significant association was found between level of practice and age (p=0.010) of nurses and with professional qualification (p=0.002). There was no statistically significant relationship among KAP scores regarding POP management.&#x0D; Conclusions: Majority of the nurses had low level of knowledge, more than half had satisfactory level of attitude but low level of practice regarding POP management. The age and the professional qualifications of the nurses found to be associated with the practice of POP management.

NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING POSTOPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT AT SELECTED HOSPITALS, BHARATPUR, NEPAL

Background: Acute and severe pain after surgery is the major concern of operated patients and health professionals where the vital responsibilities goes to the nurses for managing pain satisfactorily. Hence, the nurses require to have adequate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) to carry out such responsibilities.&#x0D; Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to find out the nurses’ KAP regarding postoperative pain (POP) management. Total 74 nurses of postoperative wards were selected from four hospitals at Bharatpur with non-probability enumerative sampling technique. Data were collected with the structured self-administered questionnaire for knowledge, five-point Likert scale for attitude and observation checklist for practice. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics for levels of KAP; Chi-square for association between levels of KAP with selected variables and spearman rank correlation to determine relationship among KAP regarding POP management.&#x0D; Results: The study showed that 85.1% nurses had low level of knowledge, 55.4% had satisfactory level of attitude and 52.7% had low level of practice. Statistically significant association was found between level of practice and age (p=0.010) of nurses and with professional qualification (p=0.002). There was no statistically significant relationship among KAP scores regarding POP management.&#x0D; Conclusions: Majority of the nurses had low level of knowledge, more than half had satisfactory level of attitude but low level of practice regarding POP management. The age and the professional qualifications of the nurses found to be associated with the practice of POP management.

GAP analysis of pharmacy curriculum regarding topical corticosteroid use and safety

This article aims to evaluate community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding the safety and consumption of topical corticosteroids (TC). A descriptive cross-sectional study was held among community pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). One-to-one interviews were then carried out, and the structured questionnaire that was used was mainly composed of two sections: demographic and socio-economic information and the KAP regarding topical corticosteroids. The data were analysed using STATA version 14.2. The KAP score was on average 55%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [55.1%, 56.9%]. The statistical modelling results showed that sex, the university from which the participant graduated, pharmacy type, years of experience, percentage of full-time employment and participation in educational training are strong determinants of the KAP towards topical corticosteroid use and safety. Pharmacists’ knowledge and attitude regarding topical corticosteroids, which affect the practice of using topical corticosteroids and providing advice, demonstrate that there is a deficiency in the pharmacy curriculum at pharmacy training institutes in the UAE. It appears that educational courses on this topic at the UAE’s universities are lacking, and pharmacists in training should be offered courses regarding the rational consumption of topical corticosteroids; this is a matter of some urgency if the deficiencies highlighted are to be addressed.

Rabies: Knowledge, Attitude and Practices in and Around South Gondar, North West Ethiopia.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2017 to April 2017 to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of the community towards rabies in south Gondar zone, Ethiopia. A structured closed ended questionnaire was used to collect the data through face to face interviews among 384 respondents. The data were then analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20. Almost all (91.5%) surveyed individuals were aware of rabies. Bite was known as mode of rabies transmission by majority of the respondents (71.1%) with considerable means of transmission through wound contact with saliva of diseased animals. Sudden change of behavior was described as a major clinical sign of rabies in animals by the majority of the respondents. Nearly half of the respondents (48.2%) believed that consumption of rabid animal’s meat can be a medicine for human rabies and majority of the respondents (66.7%) indicated crossing a river before 40 days after dog bite increases severity of the disease. More than eighty percent of the respondents prefer traditional medicines for treating rabies in humans. In total, 51% of the respondents had poor Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) level about the disease rabies. Educational status (χ2 = 21.152), Monthly income (χ2 = 23.059), Sex (χ2 = 11.249), source of information (χ2 = 8.594) and Residence (χ2 = 4.109) were significantly associated with KAP scores (p < 0.05). Education and awareness creation should be given to increase communities KAP about the disease with special focus to traditional healers.

The Impact of Leptospirosis Health Education Module (LHEM) on Changes of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) among Army Personnel in Northeastern Malaysia

Community-based interventions in prevention and control of leptospirosis, have been uniformly unsuccessful. Individual counseling and health education play an important role in the prevention and control of the disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intervention on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) score on leptospirosis among the army personnel after receiving a health education given. A validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice at pre- and post-intervention. A total of 188 army personnel from the two camps involved in this study with 94 respondents in control and intervention groups respectively. Leptospirosis Health Education Module (LHEM) was given to the intervention group. There was significant improvement in knowledge score before and after intervention done (mean difference = 24.25, 95% CI: 21.93, 26.56; p −14.13, 95% CI: −15.82, −12.45; p −0.72, 1.55; p > 0.05). For the intervention effect, the subjects in intervention group had significantly higher mean attitude score as compared to the subjects in control group (mean difference = −2.12, 95% CI: −2.99, −1.24; p −0.47, 1.98; p > 0.05). For the intervention effect regardless of time, the subjects in intervention group had significantly higher mean practice score as compared to the subjects in control group (mean difference = 4.16, 95% CI: 2.80, 5.52; p < 0.001). The leptospirosis health education module was found to cause improvement in KAP score in the intervention group.

Effectiveness of a curriculum-based educational intervention on oral health behavior and dental caries experience among Indian schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND:The high incidence of dental diseases among Indian children can be attributed to low awareness regarding the oral health maintenance. The school health curriculum in India is deficient of an oral health component, and there are no organized oral health programs for schoolchildren existing at present. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of an oral health curriculum in improving the oral health behavior and dental caries experience in schoolchildren.METHODS:A nonrandomized trial with pretest/posttest design was conducted among 600 schoolchildren. Two intervention arms were designed with one group receiving health education from a dental health professional and other from a school teacher. The oral health curriculum was customized for three sections of different age groups (lower primary [LP], upper primary [UP], high school [HS]) and implemented for a period of 1 year. Oral health behaviors were recorded using a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) questionnaire and were evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year of the educational intervention. Dental caries experience was measured Pre and Post - intervention using deft and decayed, missing, and filled teeth indices. Descriptive statistics were calculated for continuous data, and the change in KAP scores and dental caries experience was analyzed using the repeated measures of ANOVA, independent t-tests, and paired t-tests.RESULTS:There were significant improvements in KAP regarding oral health among Indian schoolchildren. Significant reductions in decayed primary teeth were observed in LP and UP schoolchildren post-intervention. However, there was no significant difference in primary outcome between the two intervention arms.CONCLUSIONS:A curriculum-based health education intervention customized for different age groups was found to be effective in improving oral health behavior and dental caries experience among Indian schoolchildren.

The Impact of Counseling in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Outcome

Background: The pharmacists can contribute to positive therapeutic outcomes by educating patients for rational use of medications. A chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases which requires continuous medication therapy. The clinical pharmacist can play an effective role through providing patient counselling to improve medication adherence and therapeutic outcomes. Aims and Objectives: The present study aims to assess the baseline levels of knowledge, attitude and practice of COPD patients and to study the impact of patient counselling on level of knowledge, attitude and practice with COPD patients. Materials and Methods: A total 90 patients (45 in the test group and 45 in control group) were enrolled in the study. A validated Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Questionnaire was administered to both test and control group of patients at base line and at follow up (after 15 days) to assess the awareness regarding disease management. Patients in test group received counselling at visit and information leaflets were given. The control group of patients did not receive such counselling and information leaflets. Results: At the end of study the KAP scores of test group patients improved significantly (P

Covid-19 Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practices in a Southeastern City in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Although guidelines and recommendations for the prevention of COVID-19 are in place, it is vital to assess how well people know and practice them, as well as people’s attitude towards these measures to inform robust interventions. This study examined COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices (KAP) among adult residents of the city of Onitsha in South-Eastern Nigeria. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 140 adult residents of Onitsha city in March 2020 before the lockdown. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe COVID-19 KAP, information gaps and needs, and associations between KAP and demographic characteristics. About 60.7% of respondents had high COVID-19 knowledge, 56.4% had a good attitude towards COVID-19 management, and 53.6% adopted good COVID-19 prevention practices. Participants with bachelor/postgraduate degrees had higher than average COVID-19 knowledge (15.42±0.57, p<0.0001), attitude (1.11±0.10, p<0.0025), and prevention practice (5.02±0.32 p<0.0005) scores. Over half of the participants correctly identified virus as the cause of COVID-19 (60%, p<0.01) and knew that COVID-19 could be transmitted through contaminated surfaces (59.3%, p<0.05) and infected droplets (58.6%, p<0.05). About three-quarters of the participants (75%, p<.0001) indicated needing more information on COVID-19 compared to only a quarter (25%, p<.0001) that stated that they experienced no gap in information. A moderate proportion of our study population had high COVID-19 KAP scores. Our study findings can inform future COVID-19 program planning to ensure a more targeted and effective intervention strategy to prevent and control the disease spread among residents of Onitsha city. Running Title: COVID-19 Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP)

Awareness and Association of Obesity-risk reduction factors among Junior high school students of south India

Background: Obesity epidemic has been on rise and this has been attributed to unhealthy practices including physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. Adolescence has been a critical period for development of obesity due to changes in body composition and behaviour. Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding obesity-risk reduction factors and its association with obesity-risk among Junior high school students. Methods: Study conducted among 397 Junior high school students from 12 randomly selected English medium schools from pool of eligible schools in Udupi District using pretested and validated questionnaire to assess their KAP regarding Physical activity and diet. Standardized equipments were used for measuring anthropometry and Total body fat (%). Data entered and analyzed on SPSS 15. Results: 51.4% of the participants were recruited from private funded schools and boys accounting 51.6%. Statistically significant difference in proportions was observed between boys and girls in Physical activity, dietary and overall KAP scores and Total body fat (%). Correlation between Total body fat (%) and overall KAP score showed decline in Total body fat (%) with increase in overall KAP score (r=-0.120; p=0.017). Conclusions: Male gender and public funded schools were protective against obesity-risk. Interventions are required to increase awareness regarding obesity-risk reduction factors among school children.

Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding nursing interruptions among Chinese nurses: A nationwide cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesTo explore the knowledge, attitude and practice of Chinese nurses regarding nursing interruptions and related factors. MethodsA total of 6,400 nurses from 31 hospitals in China were investigated by using the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Questionnaire of Nursing Interruptions. The questionnaire consists of three dimensions, knowledge, attitude and practice, containing 10, 9 and 7 items, with full score of 50, 45 and 28, respectively. ResultsThe mean overall KAP score regarding nursing interruptions of Chinese nurses was 74.05 ± 16.65 (range: 26–123), with scores for the knowledge, attitude, and practice component being 21.74 ± 9.80, 34.83 ± 6.98, and 17.49 ± 4.97, respectively. Among the nurses, 70.8% of them experienced an average level of KAP toward nursing interruptions while 15.5% were at a poor level. The knowledge, attitude, and practice of nursing interruptions were better in chief nurses, managers, nurses with a master degree or above, nurses ever received training, and nurses with a strong agreement to leadership compared to nurses in other groups (P < 0.05). In addition, employment type, professional title, position, standardized training and leaders’ attention were predictors of KAP in nurses. ConclusionChinese nurses have a moderate level of KAP regarding nursing interruptions. Leaders’ attention, standardized training, position, professional title and employment type could predict nurses’ KAP state of nursing interruptions. Thus, a targeted training program should be implemented for clinical nurses by nursing leaders, with a particular focus on feasibility and professionalism.

Post-earthquake socio-demographic conditions related to Zika Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices, Nuevo Pedernales – Ecuador

In Ecuador, the Zika’s outbreak coincided with Pedernales earthquake. There have not been studies of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) of Zika in post-earthquake conditions. Objective: To evaluate Zika´s KAP according to gender and sociodemographic characteristics of people aged 15 to 49. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic characteristics, history of Vector-Borne Disease (VBD) and Zika’s KAP were analyzed between 122 heads of households and 148 people aged 15 to 49 years dwellers in Nuevo Pedernales, Manabí - Ecuador. Results: Half of the respondents had adequate knowledge, a third presented a protective attitude and the average of preventive practices against Zika was low (5 of 9). In knowledge, people who didn’t sleep in the kitchen had higher scores with a weak effect size (DM= 1,46; Eta-square = 0,037) and people who had electricity also had higher scores with weak effect size (DM= 3,9; Eta-square = 0,036). People diagnosed with a Vector-Borne Disease (VBD) after the earthquake had an average of a greater number of preventive practices employed with moderate effect size (DM= 1,16; Eta-square=0,062). This same group had a higher KAP score with moderate effect size (DM= 2,80; Eta-square = 0,058). Conclusions: Respondents have low levels of KAP and high risk of Zika and other VBD’s transmission. Government entities must implement intensive community education programs and improve precarious housing conditions and basic services access.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices relating to rabies control in Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines

The study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) pertinent to rabies among 1187 households from 68 barangays in Baybay City to provide baseline information on the levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices on rabies control, to determine the magnitude of effects of factors that are associated with increased KAP levels, and to determine the magnitude of effects these factors have on the community KAP scores. Demographic information was produced and KAP scores were evaluated by linear regression. Almost all (97.81%) of the respondents have heard about rabies but more than half (63.91%) still think that all dogs intrinsically have rabies. Only 47.63% of dog owners have dogs immunized against rabies within the past year. Livestock technicians, local government IEC campaigns, and family elders as information sources had the greatest influence on knowledge scores. Having knowledge on rabies, receiving rabies information from family elders, and having non-agricultural employment greatly influenced attitude scores. Obtaining rabies information from family elders, and residing in urban areas and along the major highway of the city have the greatest effect on practice scores. These results emphasized the importance of effective rabies-related information dissemination for a successful rabies control program implementation.

Assessment of pharmacists' knowledge, attitude and practice in chain community pharmacies towards their current function and performance in Indonesia.

Background:The introduction of universal healthcare coverage in 2014 has affected the practice of community pharmacies in Indonesia. Studies regarding the practice of pharmacist in the chain community pharmacy setting in Indonesia are very limited. The chain community pharmacies in Indonesia are operated and controlled by the same management. The chain community pharmacies usually show better services compared to independent community pharmacies in Indonesia.Objective:The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of pharmacist working in chain community pharmacy towards their current function and performance in delivering pharmacy servicesMethods:A cross-sectional study using questionnaires was conducted between January and March 2017 in KF, one of the largest chain community pharmacies in Indonesia. The total sampling method was used in the recruitment process. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-Test and one-way ANOVA. The KAP scores were assessed and categorized as “poor”, “moderate” and “good” based on the standardized scoring system.Results:A total of 949 KF’s pharmacists (100% response rate) were participated in the study. The majority of pharmacists showed a good score in terms of knowledge and attitude, which is in contrast to practice as majority only obtained a moderate score. Working experience, age and the availability of standard operating procedures (SOP) for both dispensing and self-medication services were found to be statistically significant (p<0.005) aspects to KAP of pharmacists in delivering pharmacy services.Conclusions:This study identified several important aspects that could affect the KAP of pharmacists working in chain community pharmacies in Indonesia. Specific policies should be conceived to improve the competencies of pharmacist and to ensure the compliance with the SOP and standardization system within pharmacy sector.