Abstract
Objective: To assess the influence of pharmaceutical care activities on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) among type 2 diabetic patients.
 Methods: A total of about 301 patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were recruited from a tertiary care hospital. Patients were educated about their disease condition, lifestyle modifications and diet regimen to be followed and were given instructions for improving medication adherence. In the initial session, no pharmaceutical care was given, in the second session patient counseling was given verbally and in the last session patient counseling was given both verbally and non-verbally by means of pamphlet distribution. KAP questionnaire and glycemic levels (glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar and post-prandial blood sugar) of participants were obtained at baseline and at follow up.
 Results: The baseline values of FBS in patients before intervention was found to be 176.5±74.46 mg/dL and it was reduced to 140.7±43.9 mg/dL after 3 mo. Henceforth, there was also an improvement in the PPBS values which was found to be 254±77.3 mg/dL at the baseline and was 212.9±54.2 mg/dL after intervention. The baseline values of HbA1c is 8.144±1.727% and after intervention, value reduced to about 7.173±2.768%. After the intervention, it was found to be that 30%, 16% and 12% reduction in FBS, PPBS and HbA1c values and the P-value (<0.0001) found to be statistically significant. KAP scores also found to be improved after the intervention and statistically significant. The results clearly indicate that through proper guidance and educating the patients by the pharmacist is beneficial in managing the glycemic levels and reduce further complications.
 Conclusion: The study concluded that the pharmaceutical care by the pharmacist is highly essentially and useful for the patients to manage the glycemic index and prevent further diabetic complications.
Highlights
In India, diabetes has been known for a century as ‘rich man disease’ still, the incidence rate is increasing day by day
A Prospective Interventional study with the aim of assessing the influence of pharmaceutical care activities on knowledge, attitude and practice among type 2 diabetic patients was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for a period of 6 mo from January to June 2017
The Inclusion criteria were type 2 diabetic patients above 18 y of both the gender, outpatients, diabetic patients who admitted in other wards, exclusion criteria were patients aged below 18 y, juvenile and gestational diabetes, pregnant and lactating women, patients with severe physical and mental illness
Summary
In India, diabetes has been known for a century as ‘rich man disease’ still, the incidence rate is increasing day by day. India has formerly represented 49 percent of the world’s diabetes burden, with an estimated 72 million cases in 2017 and it is expected to almost double to 134 million by 2025. This presents a serious public health challenge to a country facing a future of high population growth and a government attempting to provide free health insurance to half a billion people. According to the report prepared by WHO on World Health Day on 2016,422 million people (every one in 11) worldwide have diabetes and the number is likely to be double in the 20 y. The American Diabetes Association reported that there will be tremendous growth in people diagnosed with diabetes by 2030 in India [2]
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