Knee Height Research Articles

The Contribution of Lower-Body Kinematics to Pitching and Hitting Performance in Baseball: Utilizing the OpenBiomechanics Project.

As markerless motion capture systems become more affordable than ever, it is becoming far easier to collect and analyze kinematic data on baseballers. To ensure this data can be used impactfully, coaches and practitioners should possess a good understanding of specific technique characteristics that are associated with enhanced performance in pitchers and hitters. This study used the open-source data provided by Driveline Baseball's OpenBiomechanics Project to evaluate the contribution of lower-body kinematics to pitch velocity and bat speed. In addition to correlational analyses to examine the association between discrete kinematic variables and performance, statistical nonparametric mapping was used to compare slow and fast velocity groups across the entirety of pitching and hitting motions from peak knee height to ball release/contact. It was found that rotation of the trail leg and extension of the lead knee were both associated with performance in pitchers and hitters. Consequently, coaches and practitioners should ensure that individuals possess an adequate level of strength and flexibility to facilitate optimal movement of the trail hip and lead knee during pitching and hitting movements. If deficiencies exist, then training programs should be designed to address these issues and eventually bring about an improvement in performance.

Modeling heart rate of individual and team manual handling with one hand using generalized additive mixed models

ObjectivesDespite the fact that team manual handling is common in different working environments, the previous studies in this regard, particularly those with a physiological approach are quite limited. The present study is an attempt to model the heart rate (HR) of individual and team manual handling with one hand.MethodsTwenty-five young men (aged 21.24±1.42 year) volunteered for this study. The experiments included individual and two-person handling of the load with three different weights with and without height difference. The participants’ HR was registered at the end of the route by a chest-strap pulse monitor and a polar watch according to the manufacturer's recommendation. A multivariate Generalized Additive Mixed Model (MGAMM) was used for modeling heart rate based on explanatory variables of workload, carry method, HRrest, body weight, height, knee height, shoulder height, elbow height, and hand height. The significance level of the tests was considered as <0.05.ResultsBased on the MGAMM, the average HR (bpm) of participants increased as the workload increased (P<0.001). Handling the load with a taller person increased the HR compared to shorter partner (P<0.001). Moreover, the nonlinear associations of the resting HR (P<0.001), body weight (P<0.001), height (P<0.001), and the height of elbow, hand and knee (P<0.001) were statistically significant. The adjusted R2 of the model was 0.89 indicating that about 90 percent of the variations observed in HR could be explained by the variables in the model. This was greater than the model considering only linear effects (R2 =0.60).ConclusionThe model obtained in this study can predict the heart rate of individual and team one-handed handling with high validity. The MGAMM can be used in modeling heart rate in manual handling.

Perbaikan Postur Tubuh Pekerja UMKM dengan Intervensi Ergonomi Melalui Perancangan Kursi Fleksibel

Fatigue among workers is something that often occurs and the cause needs to be known, this condition occurs in Bojonegoro Cassava Chips MSMEs located in Depok. The processing are peeling, washing, chopping, soaking to packaging involves human labour with manually simple tools. The purpose of this study is to analyse the posture of workers at each workstation and to develop a proposal for improving work methods to minimise the risk of injury. The methods used are Nordic Body Map, anthropometric, design with Autocad and Autodesk Inventor. The results of the anthropometric are: elbow height in standing position 105.8 cm, thigh length from the buttocks to the tip of the knee 67.16 cm, knee height in both standing and sitting positions 51.39 cm, knee height from the floor to the base of the lower thigh 43.79 cm and hip width 50.55 cm.

Relationship between appendicular muscular mass index and physical function in older people.

This study aimed to establish the relationship between the appendicular muscle mass index (AMMI), assessed from anthropometric variables, and the physical function of older people. Seventy-six older people participated in this study (72.03 ± 7.03 years). The participants underwent evaluations to determine their AMMI using anthropometry (weight, calf circumference, hip circumference, and knee height) and manual grip strength. Additionally, their physical function was evaluated using the 5-chair stand test, the 3-meter walk test, and the timed up and go test (TUG) to determine the strength of the lower limbs, the gait speed, and the dynamic balance, respectively. The results show that the AMMI did not present a significant relationship with the 5-chair stand test in both women (r = -0.135; p = 0.204) and men (r = -0.067; p = 0.349). The AMMI was moderately correlated with the gait speed in both women (r = 0.542; p < 0.001) and men (r = 0.556; p < 0.001). Finally, a statistical significance was observed in the relationship between the AMMI and the TUG test in women (r = -0.273; p = 0.047) and older men evaluated in this study (r = -0.284; p = 0.042). In conclusion, there is a relationship between the AMMI and both the dynamic balance and the gait speed. Therefore, the AMMI emerges as a potential public health assessment by enabling the clinical quantification of muscle mass and an estimation of physical function in the elderly population.

The use of demi-span, knee height and four point measurements for height estimation among Iraqian adults at Baghdad medical city

The use of demi-span, knee height and four point measurements for height estimation among Iraqian adults at Baghdad medical city

Effect of Different Levels and Times of Nitrogen Application on Grain and Forage Quality of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. saccharata)

This field experiment conducted during the rabi season of 2017-18 at N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, aimed to investigate the response of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) to different levels and times of nitrogen application under the south Gujarat conditions. The factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications was employed, considering four nitrogen levels (90 kg/ha, 120 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, and 180 kg/ha) and four split application treatments (½ basal + ½ at knee height, ½ basal + ¼ knee height + ¼ tasseling, 1/3 basal + 1/3 knee height + 1/3 tasseling, and ¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling). The results of the study demonstrated that the application of 180 kg/ha nitrogen significantly increased the protein content in grain and fodder (10.51% and 3.88% respectively) and total sugar content (14.96). Additionally, higher NPK uptake and available nitrogen (197.25 kg/ha) and phosphorus (47.53 kg/ha) levels were observed with a 180 kg/ha nitrogen application rate. When nitrogen was applied in three splits, specifically at ¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling, it resulted in significantly higher protein content in grain and fodder (9.89% and 3.54% respectively), total sugar content (13.65), as well as NPK uptake in grain and fodder and available nitrogen and phosphorus (189.95 kg/ha and 45.84 kg/ha). These findings highlight the importance of nitrogen management in sweet corn cultivation to enhance the nutritional quality and productivity of both grain and fodder. Implementing the optimal nitrogen levels (180 kg/ha) and split application timings (¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling) can contribute to achieving desirable protein and sugar content, as well as improving NPK uptake and availability of nitrogen and phosphorus.

Urea Split Application to Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth Stages of Medium Maturities, Influenced on Grain Yield and Parameter for Yield at Bako, East Wollega, Ethiopia

Appropriate timing of application can improve crop nutrient consumption efficiency. Maize production is still significantly below than its potential output, even though it is comparatively better than other main cereal crops. One of the main abiotic variables affecting crop growth is the timing of urea split application. Due to these gaps, an experiment was carried out at the Bako Agricultural Research Center during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons in order to ascertain the best time to apply urea split in order to maximize the yield and yield attributes of the maize varieties BH-546 and BH-547 in a study area and in countries with comparable agroecologies. Six levels of urea split application time (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6) were arranged in factorial combinations with two levels of maize varieties. In addition, a randomized complete block design with three replications was used for the previously advised urea split application. The harvest index of maize, grain yield, number of kernels per ear, ear dimension, and number of ears per plant all significantly differed depending on when nitrogen split administration occurred. Mean dry biomass, cob diameter, cob length, cob weight, and thousands seed weight of maize were all highly impacted by the interaction varietals and split time of nitrogen treatment. Compared to the previously recommended (1/2 dose at planting and 1/2 dose at knee height stage of maize), the time of N split application resulted in a significantly higher grain yield (9003.88 kg·ha−1): 1/4 dose at planting + 1/2 dose of N at knee height + 1/4 dose at tasseling of maize. However, three urea application regimes 1/4 dosage at planting time, 1/2 dose at knee height, and 1/4 dose of split application should be utilized in the event of irregular and intensely rainy seasons in order to maximize grain output and yield attributable.

Effect of Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB) on the Performance of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) in Potassium Sufficient Soils of Semi-arid Tropic

An experiment was conducted on potassium sufficient sandy loam soil (Alfisols) to evaluate the impact of potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) on the performance of rabi sweet corn. The study consisted of 10 treatments with different doses of potassium with and without KSB treatment [Seed treatment (ST) + Soil drenching (SD) at Knee height (KH) stage]. Result of this experiment indicated that sweet corn yield was gradually reduced with reduction of recommended dose of potassium (RDK) irrespective of KSB treatment. Amongst all treatments, application of 100% RDK in 2 equal splits at sowing and KH stage + KSB (ST + SD) (T10) resulted in highest growth, yield (19.7 t ha-1) and yield attributes. However, T10 was on par with the result of [100% RDK + KSB (ST) + KSB (SD) at KH stage], (50% RDK at basal + 50% RDK at KH stage), [100% RDK+ KSB (ST) +KSB (SD) at KH stage] and [75% RDK at basal + KSB (ST) +KSB (SD) at KH stage] treatments. Whereas, implication of 25% or 50% reduction of RDK was significantly inferior to 100% RDK. The study revealed that KSB could substitute 25% of RDK supplied to nutrient exhaustive crop like rabi sweet corn without compromising the economic yield in potassium rich alfisols of semi-arid tropic.

Effect of Different Rates and Times of Nitrogen Application on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) Under South Gujarat Condition

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season in 2017-18 to study the effect of different rates and times of nitrogen application on growth, yield attributes and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) under south Gujarat conditions. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The factors consisted of four nitrogen levels i.e., 90 kg ha-1 (N1), 120 kg ha-1 (N2), 150 kg ha-1 (N3) and 180 kg ha-1 (N4) and four treatments of split application i.e., ½ basal + ½ at knee height (T1), ½ basal + ¼ knee height + ¼ tasseling (T2), 1 /3 basal + 1 /3 knee height + 1 /3tasseling (T3), ¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling (T4). The results revealed that increasing the nitrogen level from 90 (N1) to 180 (N4) kg ha-1 significantly increased the growth attributes viz, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, yield attributes viz, number of grains per cob, weight of grains per cob, weight of cob per plant, green cob and fodder yield. Significantly higher green cob (132.94 q ha-1) and fodder yield (307.29 q ha-1) with net return (Rs.258239 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio of 4.74 was obtained with 180 kg ha-1 nitrogen application. Application of nitrogen in three splits i.e., at ¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling (T4) recorded significantly higher growth characters viz, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, yield attributes viz, number of grains per cob, weight of grains per cob, weight of cob per plant, green cob (126.99 q ha-1) and fodder yield (293.14 q ha-1) with net return (Rs.242739 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio of 4.47.

Relationship between Frailty and Malnutrition among Elderly Attending Two Primary Health Care Centers in Cairo

Background Frailty and malnutrition are interrelated common events associated with aging. They share similar symptoms. Many studies reported that those who are malnourished or who are at risk of malnutrition have an increased risk of frailty and loss of independence. An adequate energy intake may promote elderly`s quality of life (QOL) and prevent frailty in long-term care. Knowing dynamic between these two syndromes can assist in preventing their development and improving elderly QOL. Objective To determine the prevalence of frailty and malnutrition and to investigate the relationship between them. Patients and Methods This study was conducted in two Primary Health care centers (PHCs) in Cairo. It included 264 elderly ≥ 60 years old. Participants underwent an interview questionnaire which included socio-demographic data, medical history, frailty assessment using fried phenotype and nutritional assessment using Mininutritional assessment (MNA). Basic anthropometric measurements including weight and knee height were also done. Results Prevalence of frailty was 62.1% using fried phenotype criteria whereas 29.9% were considered as prefrail. Weakness and exhaustion were the most frequent reported phenotypes. Using MNA, the prevalence of malnutrition was 28% while 50.8% of the participants were at risk of malnutrition. Frailty was highly prevalent in older age, low educational level, retired elderly, in participants with chronic diseases e.g.: hypertension and diabetes. Older age, females or having chronic diseases especially hypertension, diabetes or heart diseases, were either malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. The relationship between frailty and malnutrition was significant. Conclusion and recommendation Frailty and malnutrition are highly prevalent among elderly and they are interrelated. It’s recommended to screen elderly individuals for frailty and malnutrition to target older persons to early intervene before their consequences become clinically evident and irreversible.

Hubungan Obesitas dengan Kejadian Nyeri Lutut pada Lansia

Obesity is one of commonly found problem, with the numbers rising globally. Obesity also often associated with other conditions, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and osteoarthritis. This study aims to find out the correlation between obesity and incidence of knee pain for elderly. The study is an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design, that’s done at Sasana Tresna Werda RIA Pembangunan in January 2019. The population for this study is the elderly with minimum 60 years of age. Data were obtained through interview for knee pain variable, height and weight were measured by health workers using calibrated tools. Body mass index (BMI) over 25 kg/m2 is categorized as obese. Descriptive data will be presented as proportion (%). Statistical test used in the study are Pearson Chi Square with Yates Correction and Fisher Exact as alternative. The expected significance value in this study is 5%. The study found that there was significant relationship between obesity and knee pain in the elderly at Sasana Tresna Werda RIA Pembangunan (p-value=0.022). Elderly group with obesity is clinically known have 2.684 times higher riks of experiencing knee pain compared to the other group. Obesity is a major risk factor for knee pain including osteoarthritis and has an impact on morbidity in the elderly population. Holistic evaluation and treatment is needed in dealing with knee pain and obesity, considering that these two variables have a complex and multi-factorial pathogenesis.

Effects of Crop Geometry and Split Nitrogen Application on Spring Maize Growth, Yield Components and Yield in Digam, Gulmi, Nepal

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a heavy nutrient feeder that needs optimum spacing and appropriate time to apply nitrogen to get maximum yield. A field study was carried out at Digam, Gulmi, from February to June 2022 to examine the impact of crop geometry and split application of nitrogen on spring maize in two factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Factor A was the split application of nitrogen; (120 kg ha-1N at the time of sowing) and (60 kg ha-1N at the time of sowing + 30 kg ha-1N at knee height stage + 30 kg ha-1N before tasseling stage) and factor B included the three levels of spacing (75 cm x 25 cm, 60 cm x 25 cm and 50 cm x 25 cm). Plant height , stem girth , leaf number, cob girth, thousand grain weight, number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row, and grain yield (3.45 MT ha-1) were all highest for treatment (60 kg ha-1N at sowing + 30 kg ha-1N at knee height + 30 kg ha-1N before tasseling). Likewise, plant height, leaf area index, cob length, cob girth, cob weight, thousand grain weight, number of kernels per row, grain yield (3.04 MT ha-1) and harvest index were highest in plant spaced at (75 cm x 25 cm), while the number of kernel rows per ear was highest in plants spaced at (60 cm x 25 cm). The lowest value of all parameters was found in plants at treatments; (120 kg ha-1N at the time of sowing) and (50 cm x 25cm). Similarly, the treatment (60 kg ha-1N at the time of sowing + 30 kg ha-1N at knee height stage + 30 kg ha-1N before tasseling stage) combined with spacing of (60cm x 25cm) was found to have a significant effect on grain yield (3.99 MT ha-1) which was statistically at par to the treatments, (60 kg ha-1 N at the time of sowing + 30 kg ha-1 N at knee height stage + 30 kg ha-1 N before tasseling stage) combined with spacing of (75 cm x 25 cm) (3.95 MT ha-1 ) . Thus, for the optimum and sustainable production of the spring maize, crop geometry of (75 cm x 25 cm) or (60 cm x 25 cm) can be recommended with three splits application of nitrogen at Digam, Gulmi.

Establishing an anthropometric database: A case for the Portuguese working population

Up-to-date anthropometric databases can help design appropriate workstations and equipment, reducing occupational accidents and disorders. The primary aim of this study was to create a company database to support the hypothesis that the latest anthropometric database for the Portuguese working population was outdated. Through the traditional manual measurement method, this work collected data on 27 dimensions from 343 workers in an industry in Northern Portugal. The interclass correlation coefficient showed high agreeability intra- and inter-evaluators with average values of 0.940 and 0.950, respectively. Socioeconomic aspects of the sample population, including gender, immigration, and age, were evaluated. Statistical analysis included correlations between the 27 anthropometric dimensions, age, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Among the main findings, men displayed larger average dimensions than women except for hip breadth, and female body measures decreased more with age than males. Men were 1.6 times more likely to be overweight than women, whereas women were twice more likely to be obese. Concerning working shifts, individuals on the night shift showed an increased tendency to be overweight or obese (BMI>25). Since the previous database employed a different method (photogrammetric), it was possible to compare only five dimensions (stature, knee height, elbow height, hip breadth, and abdominal depth) through mean absolute differences. Variations in the population stature and knee and elbow heights support this work's hypothesis and underscore the need to establish and update the Portuguese anthropometric database with a reliable and reproducible method.

Muscle strength: development of predictive equation for handgrip strength in older adults on the primary health care

Introduction: Monitoring the functional capacity of older adults is fundamental, and Handgrip Strength (HGS) is a consolidated marker of functional status in this age group. This study aimed to develop equations for predicting HGS in community-dwelling older adults in Primary Health Care (PHC). Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted with 316 older adults, in which a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was performed for the right hand (R-HGS) and left hand (L-HGS). The variables sex, age, weight, knee height (KH), arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold (TSF), and calf circumference (CC) were considered predictors because they were easily obtained in PHC and significantly related to HGS. Results: In the final models, the variables sex, age, and KH together explained more than 50 % of the HGS variation. There was agreement between the estimated and measured HGS measurements, both for right and left side. Conclusions: It is concluded that the variability of HGS can be explained by age, sex, and KH, which are parameters simple and routinely used to evaluate older adults.

An Ergonomically Assessment of Manually Operated Maize Planter for Male Operators

A study was conducted at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, (U.P), India on (2022–23) for ergonomic assessment of manually operated maize planter for male operators. Anthropometric data of age groups operators of (25–28, 29–32, 33–36, and 37–40 years) was determined. Heart rate, oxygen consumption rate, energy expenditure rate, and body part discomfort score of age groups were determined during working on maize planter. Anthropometric data of stature, arm length, standing eye height, knee height, and elbow height, and body mass index were determined for different age groups. Heart rate, oxygen consumption rate, energy expenditure rate, and body part discomfort score were increased when age groups increased at weight sample of seed (1.5 and 2.0 kg). Heart rate, oxygen consumption rate, energy expenditure rate, and body part discomfort score of 25–28 years age groups were found minimum and varied from 92–101 b min-1, 0.36–0.37 l min-1, 8–10.03 kJ min-1, and 20.75–22.02 respectively on working. Heart rate, oxygen consumption rate, energy expenditure rate, and body part discomfort score of 37–40 years age groups were found maximum and varied from 140–143 b min-1, 0.90–0.93 l min-1, 19–20 kJ min-1, and 51.23–53.87 respectively during working operators on maize planter at different weight samples.

Discrepancy between pupils' body and classroom furniture in elementary schools: A case study in the Republic of Kosovo.

Primary school children spend quite a lot of time sitting in classrooms. For this reason, it is necessary to make a scientific analysis of children's body dimensions and compare them with the furniture dimensions where they sit. The main aim of this paper is to present anthropometric data for pupils in primary schools in the Republic of Kosovo and give recommendations for school furniture design. Measurements were made in the public schools of four different regions in the Republic of Kosovo. The study includes 720 children from 12 different elementary schools with first and fifth graders (6-11 years old). Twelve body parts were measured: Stature, sitting height, shoulder height, lower leg length, hip breadth, elbow height, buttock-popliteal length, thigh clearance, eye height, shoulder breadth, and knee height. The descriptive data are calculated in terms of average, standard deviation, and 5th, 50th and 95th percentile. We recommend that the competent authorities in the Republic of Kosovo consider improving the infrastructure of primary schools in terms of furniture size according to the findings presented in this study. The information presented in this paper on pupils' anthropometry and the proposed dimensions for school furniture can be used by various bodies in Kosovo including, but not limited to: Ministry of Education Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry of Kosovo and furniture manufacturing industries as basic information for suitable furniture design for primary school children, as well as school principals to help in furniture selection.

Developing a prediction model for improving bifurcated garment fit for mass customization

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to improve the fit of women’s bifurcated garments by developing an equation that can predict the crotch length accurately by using a few basic body measurements. This equation could provide a simple mass-customization approach to the design of bifurcated garments.Design/methodology/approachDemographic characteristics and easy-to-record body measurements available in the size USA database were used to predict the crotch length. Different methodologies including best subset regression, lasso regression and principal components regression were experimented with to identify the most important predictor variables and establish a relationship between the significant predictors and crotch length.FindingsThe lasso regression model provided the highest accuracy, required only five body dimensions and dealt with multicollinearity. The preliminary pattern preparation and garment fit tests indicated that by utilizing the proposed equation, patterns of customized garments could be successfully altered to match the crotch length of the customer, thereby, improving the precision and efficiency of the pattern making process.Originality/valueCrotch length is a crucial measurement as it determines bifurcated garment comfort as well as aesthetic fit. The crotch length is usually estimated arbitrarily based on non-scientific methods while drafting patterns, and this increases the likelihood of dissatisfaction with the fit of the lower-body garments. The present study suggested an algorithm that could predict crotch length with 90.53% accuracy using the body dimensions height, hips, waist height, knee height and arm length.

Childhood growth, current age, and waist circumference predict biological reserve capacity, physical performance, and rapid aging in Bangladeshi women

Background: The UK Bangladeshi community is socially disadvantaged, and many adults suffer from obesity, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses. Rapid aging has been noted.&#x0D; Objectives: Analyse biosocial trade-offs in growth, adult body composition, and reproduction, which are risk factors for age-related decline in physical performance, more rapid aging, frailty, and death.&#x0D; Methods: Sample: 40 Bangladeshi mothers (40-70 years old), one of their adult daughters (N=37, 18-36 years old) in the United Kingdom (UK), and 22 mother-daughter pairs of the same age range in Bangladesh (BD). Measurements: anthropometry, including knee height, migration, demographic history, education level, current menstruation (yes/no), and a 7-component lower body physical function score (PFS). Analysis: ridge regression and St Nikolas House Analysis (SNHA).&#x0D; Results: All the women are of short stature (x̄=150cm), with especially low knee height. Daughters who migrated to the UK have shorter knee height than daughters born in the UK. Marriage age was 16-18 years and total pregnancies of ~6 per mother, ~3 per daughter. UK mothers have higher fatness and lower PFS than BD women. Greater knee height predicts greater PFS, and that greater waist circumference and older age predict a lower PFS. SNHA finds that knee height is the most direct predictor of PFS.&#x0D; Conclusion: Adult knee height may serve as a sensitive indicator of early life physical and emotional well-being and predict physical performance, a risk factor for frailty and death. International migration of daughters is associated with poorer health status and physical performance at later ages.

External validation test of body height estimation on outpatient radiotherapy clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital

Background : Stature is required to calculate body mass index and determine the energy needs of patients in nutritional medical therapy. Difficulty was found to obtain stature data in patients who are unable to stand. Therefore, there are some height estimation formula to predict the actual height using knee height. This study aimed to validate the Chumlea formula on outpatient clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Indonesia.&#x0D; Methods : This cross-sectional study used 90 respondents selected by consecutive sampling. Actual height, knee height, age and gender data were collected. Estimated height using the three of Chumlea formula. Pearson correlation was used to see the correlation between actual height and estimated height. Paired t-test were used to determine the difference significance.&#x0D; Results : The average age of the subjects was 45±10 years old with actual height 157±10 cm, and knee height 48.8±3.5 cm. A strong positive correlation was found between actual height with all estimated height on male (p=0.000; r &gt; 0.8) and female subjects (p=0.000; r &gt; 0.6). However, comparison between actual height and estimated height showed no significant differences only in Chumlea L1 formula (p=0.087) and Chumlea L3 formula (p=0.824) on the male subjects.&#x0D; Conclusions : Chumlea L1 and Chumlea L3 formula was a valid fomulation for calculating the estimated body height in adult male patients. There was no valid Chumlea’s formulation to estimate body height in female patients.

Development of Gender-Specific Equations for Estimating Body Weight and Height Based on Anthropometric Measurements in Adults from Shiraz, Iran

Background: In various situations, such as determining nutrition requirements, medication dosage, mechanical ventilation, and resuscitation, height, weight, and BMI are considered. Anthropometric body measurements differ among populations of different genders and ethnicities. Objectives: This study aimed to develop gender-specific equations for estimating body weight and height based on anthropometric measurements in Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz, Iran, over six months. Healthy volunteers aged 18-80 were included. Exclusion criteria were limb(s) amputation or immobilization and pregnancy. Participants were randomly divided into modeling (n = 400) and validation (n = 78) groups. We used the modeling group to generate regression equations based on gender and the validation group to test them. Results: Demi-span, age, knee height, and arm span could predict height with reasonable accuracy. Calf, waist, neck, and wrist circumferences entered our regression for predicting weight. Waist and calf circumferences entered the regression for BMI prediction in both genders. Arm circumference in men and neck circumference in women is strongly correlated with BMI. Conclusions: Many different equations have been suggested to predict height, weight, and BMI. Linear and circumferential body measures are usually used to predict height and weight. The suggested equations in this study are simple, and the anthropometric measurements require only a cloth tape measure and have good predictive ability. Complimentary studies are necessary to evaluate the precision of these formulas in other samples from other regions of Iran and in immobilized patients.