Klebsiella Pneumonia Strains Research Articles

Etiological structure and antibiotic resistance of the nosocomial strains of microorganisms in the department of anaesthesiology and resuscitation

Due to the formation and wide spread of strains of microorganisms that are multiresistant to modern antimicrobial drugs, the problem of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) is relevant for all healthcare organizations. Most often HAIs are related to intravascular catheter use, mechanical ventilation, bladder catheterization, surgery and enteral feeding. Knowledge of the etiological structure of the nosocomial strains of microorganisms, regular microbiological monitoring, monitoring of antibiotic resistance are necessary to control HAIs and timely implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic measures. The purpose of the study is to analysis of the etiological structure and determination of antibiotic resistance of the nosocomial strains isolated from patients and environmental objects in the Department of anesthesiology and resuscitation № 1 of City Clinical Hospital № 7. Materials and methods . We used conventional microbiological methods for isolating a pure culture of the pathogen with determining the sensitivity to antibiotics by the diffusimetric method (Kirby-Bauer), including the presence methicillin resistance of staphylococcal strains and extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Results and conclusion . Multiresistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia were isolated in the department of anesthesiology and resuscitation. It will allow to conduct adequate antibiotic therapy, and as a result, reduce the incidence of complications, the risk of death and substantial economic losses.

Facile synthesis of macroporous Ag and CuO monoliths as an efficient nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor and antimicrobial agent

An efficient, green, acid free, reliable synthetic approach has been explored for the synthesis of macroporous silver and copper oxides monoliths. The concise tuning of macroporous materials using surfactants and structural directing agents like TiO2 nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes produces the monolith with a random network of pores, high porosity and surface area. The FESEM and BET analysis demonstrated the pore sizes of 40–500 nm and surface area in the range 40–114 m2/g. The XRD, EDAX and TGA analysis confirms the purity and crystallinity of monoliths. A comparative account of electrochemical sensing and antimicrobial applications has been developed. The electrochemical characterization reveals that Ag/TiO2 and CuO/TiO2 show excellent electrochemical properties and thus utilized as a nonenzymatic electrode material for simultaneous determination of Levodopa (l-dopa) and ascorbic acid (AA). The results show Ag/TiO2/GCE show excellent sensing ability with a low detection limit as 0.034 μg mL−1 and 0.014 μg mL−1 in the concentration range of 0.1–20.0 μg mL−1 and 0.01–2.0 μg mL−1 for l-dopa and AA respectively. The synthesized monoliths have been tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against the 8 g-positive and gram-negative strains. The macroporous Ag/CNT exhibited better antimicrobial results against strains of Klebsiellapneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibriovulnificus and Bacillus subtilis.

Digital Profile of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains Producing Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Isolated in Hospitals in the Littoral Region of Cameroon

Miniaturized galleries are essential for a good identification of bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify multi-resistant Klebsiellap neumoniae strains in the referral health structures of Cameroon littoral region and establish a digital profile. A cross-sectional and descriptivestudy was conducted during 2016 and early 2017, intermediate susceptibility isolates or resistant to cephalosporins third generation (C3G) were collected in the laboratories of referral hospitals of the Littoral (General Hospital, Laquintinie, Military, Gyneco-obstetrics and pediatrics of Douala and Saint John of Malta of Njombé) and in Diagmed laboratory. The confirmation of the strains was made by the gallery API 20E™ (BioMérieux). In this study, atotal of 412 strains of Klebsiellasp (species) were isolated. We obtained 125 strains of Klebsiellasp intermediate or resistant to (C3G) and 122 were confirmed to be Klebsiella pneumoniae. The sex ratio (F / M) was 1.26. Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia was the species mostly identified at 82.4% and the two digital profiles mainly found were 5215773 and 1215773 with respective frequencies of 52.8% and 18.4%. The biochemical profile: LDC (+), CIT (+), URE (+), IND (-), VP (+), GLU (+), MAN (+), INO (+), SOR (+), RHA (+), SAC (+), MEL (+), ARA (+) was found in all services. There is a high frequency of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia with several different digital profiles, so it is still essential to make a good identification to facilitate the epidemiological data.

New possibilities in antibacterial treatment of intra-abdominal infections caused by multiresistant microflora

To determine the place of new drugs with activity against multidrug resistant strains of microorganisms in the treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections. The incidence and distribution of pathogens isolated from intra-abdominal specimens in patients with intra-abdominal infections are analyzed. The current situation on the growth of resistant strains among pathogens causing intra-abdominal infections is rewied. New combined drugs for the treatment of multidrug resistant infections - ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidim/avibactam plus metronidazole, has been suggested. Their potential role in empiric and targeted antibacterial treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections is defined. Taking into consideration local monitoring data and risk factors of multi resistant strains Ceftolozane/tazobactam in combination with metronidazole can be used in empiric regime of treatment. Due to the high activity on carbapenem resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumonia and the lack of alternatives, it is advisable to use Ceftazidim/avibactam for the targeted therapy.

Frequency of Extend Spectrum β-Lactamases Genes among Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Patients Admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol City, Iran

Frequency of Extend Spectrum β-Lactamases Genes among Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Patients Admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol City, Iran

Whole-Genome Sequence of a Novel Sequence Type 3136 Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Isolated from a Hospitalized Patient in Durban, South Africa.

Here, we describe the genome sequence of a novel sequence type 3136 (ST3136) Klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated in South Africa. The 5,574,236-bp genome harbored 23 resistance determinants and 12 virulence factors that are of cardinal importance to infections. The genomics of Klebsiella pneumoniae offer valuable insights into its pathogenicity.

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae affecting 30 day mortality in patients with bloodstream infection.

To investigate the risk factors of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) bloodstream infection (BSI) with a focus on antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. All KP BSI patients (n = 579) from six general hospitals during a 1 year period were included in this study. The risk factors of hosts and causative KP isolates were assessed to determine associations with the 30 day mortality of KP BSI patients by multivariate Cox hazards modelling. The 30 day mortality rate of KP BSI patients was 16.9% (98/579). Among the host-associated factors, increased SOFA score and leucopenia status exhibited strong associations with increased 30 day mortality. Among the pathogenic factors, carriage of the pks gene cluster (adjusted HR 1.80; 95% CI 1.16-2.79) was a risk factor, especially when accompanied by MDR. In this regard, KP isolates of the wzi50 capsular type (n = 22) frequently harboured pks (63.6%, 14/22) and ybtA (68.2%, n = 15) and mostly exhibited MDR (63.6%, n = 14), resulting in increased 30 day mortality. In contrast, hypermucoviscous KP isolates showed an inverse association with 30 day mortality (adjusted HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.33-0.90). Despite the reported virulence of hypermucoviscous KP strains, they were associated with good prognoses in KP BSI patients. Importantly, carriage of the pks gene cluster, which is responsible for the synthesis of colibactin, was a relevant marker of early mortality.

POSSIBILITIES FOR VERIFICATION OF NEONATAL SEPSIS

The conducted research and own observations demonstrated the current possibilities for verification of neonatal sepsis in newborns. In both clinical cases, neonatal sepsis has developed in premature infants born from mothers having infectious risk factors in their anamnesis. The peculiarities of clinical manifestations were a rapid increase in the phenomena of multiple organ failure with the damage of a number of organs and systems, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis, high level of C-reactive protein, and presepsin rate. In the epidemiological respect the associations of microorganisms prevailed among the pathogens, in particular, antibiotic resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumonia in combination with Ac. Baumannii and St. Epedermidis took the leading place among them. It has been shown that the determination of the presepsin rate in biological media is perspective for the early and reliable verification of neonatal sepsis, especially among premature infants.

Exploration and characterization of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria from soil in West Kalimantan for improving sandy soil aggregation

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is a complex mix of macro-molecular electrolyte contained in the outer cells of bacteria excreted as mucus and has a role in soil aggregation. This study aims to obtain bacteria that have a high potential for exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria. A total of 112 isolates of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria were isolated from rubber soil rhizosphere, secondary forest, and shrubs in PT. Hutan Ketapang Industri is the result of isolation on ATCC no.14 medium. Based on the observations of a morphological colony of these isolates, most of them similarities of color and shape but only 25 colonies are different isolates were obtained based on colony morphology. However, only 10 isolates formed a thick mucus or slimy when cultured on MacConcey agar. the results show that obtained three isolates of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria have a higher value of the dry weight i.e. isolates RB292 (7.53 mg/mL) followed by RB51 (7.55 mg/mL), and RB241 (1.75 mg/mL) with 2% sucrose. Isolates RB51 and RB292 increasing significantly soil aggregate stability at 2% dosage of organic matter with soil aggregate stability index from 30.61% to 47.87% and 45.79%. Homology of the isolates with known bacteria i.e. isolate RB51 was 98.86% homolog with Klebsiella sp . LW-13, isolate RB241 was 98.65% homolog with Klebsiella pneumonia strain DSM 30104 and isolate RB292 was 98.83% homolog with Burkholderia anthina strain MYSP113

Extraction of ligninolytic enzymes from novel Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and its application in wastewater treatment

The presence of lignin and its derivatives in pulp effluent increases the pollution load on the environment. With an aim of better degradation and decolourization of wastewater, this study proposes the utilization of different ligninolytic enzymes from novel bacterial strains. Four novel bacterial strains of Klebsiellapneumoniae (K. pneumoniae strains NITW715076, NITW715076_1, NITW715076_2 and NITW715076_3) were isolated and identified. The ligninolytic enzymes were characterized by plate assay method. For the optimization of various process parameters of effluent sample, different approaches were used like one factor at a time and statistical optimization through response surface methodology (RSM). Further to validate the above data, enzyme activity, total phenolic concentration, GC–MS analysis and seed germination test were also performed. The ligninolytic enzymes produced were characterized as laccase and Manganese peroxidase (MnP). In lignin degradation and decolourization studies, consortia 1 (K. pneumoniae NITW715076_2 + K. pneumoniae NITW715076_1) (82.31%) was found more effective when compared to axenic culture (K. pneumoniae NITW715076_2) (74.1%). In RSM studies, Laccase and MnP activities were increased by 20% and 18%, respectively, as compared to one factor at a time optimization method. In addition, the enzyme activity for laccase and MnP after prediction by RSM was found 53338 IU/L and 147900 IU/L, respectively. The R2 values for both the enzymes were found to be significant. Further, GC–MS analysis also showed the degradation of different organic pollutants in effluent. Lastly, the seed germination test using consortia 1 corroborated the evidence of detoxification of industrial effluent. Effluent treated by consortia 1 showed better results in degradation and decolourization of lignin and their derivatives. Therefore, consortia 1 can be used for various industrial purposes like fruit juice clarification, diagnostic purposes and enhanced bioethanol production.

Presence and characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae from the intestinal tract of diarrhoea patients.

This is the first study to comprehensively report the presence, distribution of serotypes and virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility and DNA fingerprints of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) from intestinal tract of diarrhoea patients of China. Distribution of virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance spectrum, and relationship between virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance are clarified. It will be of great public health significance to estimate the prevalence of KP in faeces of diarrhoea patients, and to provide a theoretical foundation for the traceability, prevention and control, and reasonable treatment of infections caused by this bacterium.

Establishment of a mouse model of pneumonia with an isolated epidemic ST23 Klebsiella pneumonia strain

Objective To establish a mouse model of pneumonia with C57BL/6 and MyD88KO mice after infection with an isolated ST23 Klebsiella pneumonia (KP) strain, which was an epidemic strain and identified by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Methods Fifty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: KP infection, control and immunosuppressive groups. Thirty MyD88KO mice were divided into KP infection and control groups. All mice in the KP infection groups were infected with 50 μl of ST23 KP strain through nasal dripping. Equal volume of PBS was used to set up the control groups. Mice in the immunosuppressive group were first injected with cyclophosphamide for three days and then infected with equal volume of ST23 KP strains through nasal dripping. Clinical signs and survival curves during KP infection were monitored. Moreover, pulmonary bacterial loads and histopathological changes in the KP-infected mice were detected at different time points. Results ST23 KP-infected C57BL/6 mice showed inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues on the 10th day and remained alive on the 21st day. All ST23 KP-infected MyD88KO mice died on the 5th day with severe histopathological damage in lung tissues. C57BL/6 mice that pretreated with cyclophosphamide had similar symptoms with MyD88KO mice after infection and died on the 5th day. Some critical inflammatory mediators such as TNF-a, nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) and NF-κBp65 were up-regulated in lung tissues of mice after KP infection. No inflammatory syndromes were found in the mice of PBS control groups. Conclusion This study suggests that the mouse model of pneumonia is successfully established with KP strain. It will help researchers to study the characteristics and pathogenesis of ST23 KP strain-induced pneumonia and to seek safe treatments in the future. Key words: Klebsiella pneumonia (KP); ST23; TNF-α; NF-κBp65

Preparation and evaluation of antibacterial potential of Pithecellobium dulce root extract against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

In the present study hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Pithecellobium dulce root were prepared using soxhlet extractor. The extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activity against one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram negative (Acetobacter aceti, Acetobacter aceti, Klebsiella pneumoniae) strains. Disc diffusion method revealed promising antibacterial activity of the extracts prepared in polar solvents (ethyl acetate and ethanol) compared to non-polar solvents (hexane and benzene). Ethanolic root extract was found to be most active against Acetobacter aceti, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter aerogenes bacterial strains. The zone of inhibition of ethanolic root extract against Acetobacter aceti, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter aerogenes bacterial strains was 15.4, 11.0, 19.0 and 13.0 mm, respectively at 100 mg concentration. Ethyl acetate extract also exhibited good antibacterial activity against Entrobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia and Acetobacter aceti. The zone of inhibition of ethyl acetate root extracts against Entrobacter aerogenes, Acetobacter aceti and Klebsiella pneumonia was 10.5, 18.0 and 10.0 mm, respectively. The benzene extract showed some activity against Acetobacter aceti with the zone of inhibition 10.0 mm. The antibacterial activity of Pithecellobium dulce root hexane extract was found to be negligible against all the four tested strains of bacteria. These findings suggest that ethanolic and ethyl acetate root extracts of Pithecellobium dulce has potential as effective anti-bacterial agent.

Dissemination of insertion sequence common regions 1 and int1 gene and drug resistance of 483 Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia broiler isolates

Objective: To investigate and analyze distribution characteristics of two multidrug resistance related genes in broiler isolates in Shandong province. Methods: The pre slaughter broilers were chosen from Shandong province in this study in June, 2014. A total of 400 fecal samples from five different zones (east, south, west, north and middle) of the hen house were collected. 373(77.2%) Escherichia coli and 110 (22.8%) Klebsiella pneumonia strains were isolated, and ISCR1 and int1 gene were detected by PCR assay and sequencing. The resistance to 10 drugs belonging to 8 classes antimicrobial drugs were obtained by using minimal broth dilution method and data analysis. The difference between isolates and drug resistance profiles was analyzed. Results: Among 483 isolates, 440 isolates (91.1%), 126 isolates (26.1%) and 126 isolates (26.1%) were detected as int1, ISCR1 and both two gene carriers, respectively. The rate of 37 E. coli isolates not carried ISCR1 or int1 gene resistant to 0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 classes antimicrobial agents was 13.5% (n=5), 78.4% (n=29), and 8.1% (n=3), respectively; the rate of 288 only int1 gene E. coli carriers resistant to 0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 groups antimicrobial agents was 2.4% (n=7), 74.7% (n=215), and 22.9% (n=6), respectively. The data above showed significant difference (P<0.001). The rate of 26 only int1 gene K. pneumonia carriers resistant to 0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 classes antimicrobial agents was 11.5% (n=3), 76.9% (n=20), and 11.5% (n=3), respectively; the rate of 78 both two gene K. pneumonia carriers resistant to0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 groups antimicrobial agents was 0, 35.9% (n=28), and 64.1% (n=50), respectively. The data above showed significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: Gene int1 and ISCR1 showed high prevalence in E. coli and K. pneumonia isolates. High level multi-drug resistance profile could be mediated by int1 and ISCR1 gene co-existence.

Isolation and Characterization of Highly Effective Phytate-Mineralizing Klebsiella pneumonia Strain MK1C Adapted to Arid and Semiarid Conditions from Calcareous Soil

This study aimed to isolate and identify highly adapted and highly efficient phytate-mineralizing bacteria from calcareous soil located in northern area of Egypt of arid and semiarid climate conditions. Using direct pour plate method, NBRIP medium was supplemented with phytate (5.0 g/L).The isolate showed the largest halo zone was further studied for its effectiveness in mineralizing phytate. The newly isolated strain was identified through the sequencing and the analysis of its nearly full 16S rRNA gene and was identified as Klebsiella pneumonia strain MK1C with GenBank accession number KU358675 based on BLASTn database. On liquid NBRIP culture, Klebsiella pneumonia strain MK1C showed high growth that was associated with a significant reduction of its pH from 6.8 to 4.7 and up to 5 times higher production of organic acids compared to uninoculated treatments. As a result, more than 50% of the organic phosphorus of added phytate was released as inorganic phosphorus. This strain could be an excellent dual-biofertilizer for both phytate mineralization and dinitrogen fixation. This is especially important for soils with poor conditions such as calcareous soils or in areas of arid and semiarid climate conditions where this strain and its related species are highly adapted.

Isolation and Characterization of Hydrocarbon-utilizing Bacteria from Petroleum Sludge Samples obtained from Crude Oil Processing Facility in Nigeria

The isolation and characterization of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria from petroleum oily sludge collected from crude oil processing plant in Rivers State, Nigeria was carried out. Microbiological analysis of the sludge sample showed that the microbial load consisted average of 2.5 x 106 cfu/g total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) count, while the hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial (HUB) count was average of 2.0 x 103 cfu/g. Phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolates revealed that they were related to members of the species Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca and Alcaligenes faecalis. The 16S rRNA of the isolates showed percentage similarities to the type strains (99% sequence similarities) of the following; Klebsiella pneumonia strain B21 (gi: 922317936), Klebsella pneumonia strain ICB-C183 (gi: 908478837), Klebsella oxytoca strain BCNAI (gi: 846993354), Klebsella oxytoca strain BC4 (gi: 884060138), Alcaligenes faecalis strain IOU PMR (gi: 686028963) and Alcaligenes faecalis strain AQ-I (gi: 816845513). Of the six hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria identified, 4(67%) were Klebsiella species while 2(33%) were identified as Alcaligenes sp of different strains. The result suggest that these isolated organisms from the petroleum sludge can be explored and used to promote environmentally friendly technology clean-up of petroleum hydrocarbon polluted sites in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.Keywords: Hydrocarbon -utilizing bacteria, Petroleum sludge, 16S rRNA, Phylogenetic, Gene sequence.

Synthesis and in vitro activity of dicationic indolyl diphenyl ethers as novel potent antibiotic agents against drug-resistant bacteria

A series of 4,4′-bis-[2-(6-N-substituted-amidino)indolyl] diphenyl ether have been synthesized and tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity including a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens and cytotoxicity. Most of these compounds have mainly shown anti-Gram positive bacteria activities especially against drug resistant bacterial strains MRSA, MRSE and VRE. The anti-MRSA and anti-MRSE activities of compound 7a and 7j were more potent than that of the lead compound 2, levofloxacin and vancomycin. Interestingly, 7j had greatly improved anti negative bacterial activity, especially for the producing NDM-1 Klebsiella pneumonia strain and less toxic than that of the lead compound 2.

Klebsiella pneumoniae in Breast Milk-A Cause of Sepsis in Neonate

Objective: The aim of the analysis was to present two cases of a late onset sepsis (LOS) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KLE) recognized in prematurely delivered siblings, born within the interval of one year. Study Design and Result: It was a retrospective study. The first child was born after 32 weeks of pregnancy and the gestational age of the second infant was 29 weeks of pregnancy and died in the course of sepsis without positive blood culture examination. In the second child, sepsis with the same clinical signs was diagnosed, the strains of KLE were isolated from the blood and from the mother's breast milk: the strains were identical, confirmed with PFGE. Conclusion: Presented results suggest that the source of infections in both siblings was contaminated breast milk. The targeted therapy used in the mother allowed breastfeeding the child.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PROSTANORM® AGAINST THE UROPATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PROSTATITIS

Background . ProstaNorm® (0.2 g tablets and liquid extract for oral administration) is a complex medication (dry and liquid) extracted from a mixture of medicinal plants (Hyperici herb, Canadian goldenrod herb, Glycyrrhiza roots, Echinacea purpurea rhizome and roots). It has been successfully used during the last 20 years for the treatment of chronic prostatitis (CP) (especially the abacterial form), CP-associated infertility (spermatopathy), and for the restoration of normal urination. Previous studies have already demonstrated good antimicrobial activity of ProstaNorm®, which enables its use in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP), especially taking into account other well-known effects of the drug (anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, improvement of the prostatic tissue microcirculation and sperm characteristics). Objective : to evaluate in vitro bacteriostatic activity of ProstaNorm® against uropathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (mostly with CP). Materials and methods. The following strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi were isolated from urine, prostatic fluid, and ejaculate of patients with urinary tract infections: Streptococcus haemolyticus (n = 10), Streptococcus aureus (n = 3), D-group Streptococcus (n = 5), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 4), Enterococcus faecium (n = 5), Escherichia coli (n = 4), Klebsiella pneumonia (n = 3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 7), Candida albicans (n = 4), Candida glabrata (n = 2). We assessed antibacterial activity of ProstaNorm® (using the dilutions from 1:20 to 1:1280 of the initial 10% solution) against the isolated uropathogens. Results . We found that ProstaNorm® has a pronounced bacteriostatic effect against gram-negative bacteria (with the highest sensitivity shown by all Klebsiella pneumonia strains and 1 strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, when the microbial growth delay was 4.5–5.0 hours) and gram-positive bacteria (enterococci, hemolytic streptococci, and D-group streptococci). Additionally, the drug exhibits a bactericidal effect against some strains of gram-positive bacteria (three strains of streptococci). However, ProstaNorm® has no effect against Candida. Conclusion . Our results allow recommending ProstaNorm® for the treatment of chronic prostatitis accompanied by urinary tract infections.

Virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Klebsiella pneumonia strains Histamine producing bacteria isolated from sputum

Virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Klebsiella pneumonia strains Histamine producing bacteria isolated from sputum