Klang District Research Articles

Spatial Analysis of Mangrove Forest Area Change in Prasae River Mouth of Rayong Province Using Satellite Imageries

The effect of spatial change on the coastal area affected the status of mangrove forest. Richness of mangrove forest of Prasae estuary has been changed over time due to human activities. This research aimed to use remote sensing technology to investigate the richness of the mangrove forest in the coastal of Prasae estuary in years 2009, 2014, and 2019. Four sub-districts of Klang district, Rayong province were analyzed; namely Paknam Krasae, Pang Rad, Nern Koh, and Klong Pun. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was evaluated for indicated of biomass that covers land area. The results showed that overall accuracy each year was 80.56, 79.17, and 82.64 %, respectively. The areas of mangrove forest in 2009, 2014, and 2019 were 11,316.48, 18,058.19, and 10,060.86, rai respectively. The prediction of the mangrove forest areas using CA-Markov model indicated that the mangrove area in 2029 would be 7,662.14 rai, which approximately decreases for 23 %

TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ABOUT FACTORS INFLUENCING ICT INTEGRATION IN TEACHING AND LEARNING AND STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN LESSON

Technology is known as part of tools in society and technology in education is the foundation for countries to improve students’ academic interests at K-12 schools. The research is to explore the teachers’ perception about factors Influencing ICT Integration in teaching and learning and students’ interest in lesson. The purpose of this study is to overview on the secondary school teacher’s perceptions on the practices of ICT usage in teaching and learning and the level of students’ interest in lesson. Better curriculum will be developed based on the teaching and learning using ICT. These researches were conducted in Selangor by using quantitative research method which is distributing questionnaire. The total respondent of teachers of this study is 150 teachers, who are teaching in secondary schools in the Klang district. Survey questionnaire was used as a main tool for data collecting. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant relationship between teachers’ ICT integration in teaching and learning and students’ ICT integration in learning, with the significant level of 0.01.

The Effectiveness of Innovation Kit in Enhancing Tamil National-Type School Students’ Mastery in Affixes

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the affixation innovative kit on the achievement of SJKT student in the area of affixes. The quasi-experimental study was conducted on 68 students from two SJKTs in Klang district, Selangor. They were divided into two groups, 34 students of the experimental group were taught in a planned approach, while the control group of 34 students was taught using the conventional approach. Data were obtained from pre- and post-tests. From the analysis performed, the results show that there is a significant difference in the mean scores of achievement of all aspects of affixes between the experimental group and the control group in the post-test. The mean scores for the students in the sample were high compared to the control group scores in the post test. The findings of this study prove that the strategic use of the affixation innovative kit in teaching and facilitation successfully improved student performance in the area of affixes.The use of the kit can be used as an alternative activity to enhance students’ mastery in affixes.

Energy use pattern analysis of rockmelon (Cucumis melo) production in Malaysia: a case study

Preservation of energy resources for crop production is a crucial act in an endeavour to make agriculture more sustainable. In response to that matter, this study aims to analyse and evaluate energy use pattern and its economic in rockmelon (Cucumis melo) production in Malaysian farms. Face-to-face interviews with the sampled farmers were employed to collect the data through a case study in Klang district, Selangor state of Malaysia. The collected data was then analysed using mathematical operations and spreadsheet software. The results indicated that the total energy inputs in rockmelon were 4475.62 MJ/ha. The highest portion, which accounted for 73.29% of the total energy inputs were consumed by fertilizers, while the lowest portion was used for seed (0.01%). The total energy inputs were formed from 85.12% indirect energy and 14.88% direct energy; and 85% non-renewable energy and 15% renewable energy. The net energy and energy productivity values were 11332.85 MJ/ha and 2.81 kg/MJ, respectively. The farmers gained 29.94% profit margin from their farms business. The ratio of energy output -inputs in rockmelon production was 5.34. As the ratio was much greater than 1, thus, conclusively, the energy inputs used by the farmers in the process of rockmelon production was highly efficient.

Human brucellosis outbreaks in Klang district, Malaysia

Background: Human brucellosis is a rare zoonotic disease in Malaysia. Case description: We report two outbreaks of eight human brucella cases which occurred from October 2018 till February 2019 in the Klang district. A total of five confirmed and three probable brucella cases were reported. Of this, four patients had brucellosis after consuming unpasteurized goat's milk from a single goats farm while the other four are farm workers from a cattle farm. Among eight cases, two were children aged 6 and 10 years old. All eight cases presented with fatigue, anorexia and prolonged fever. Four of them presented with headache, myalgia and weight loss while three had arthralgia and one experienced night sweats. Mean duration from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 45 days, longest duration being 87 days. Six of them developed transaminitis and four of them had haematological abnormalities. Two of those with hematological abnormalities had pancytopenia. Two had hepatomegaly and two had splenomegaly. Two patients were treated as neurobrucellosis as they presented with severe headache and hyperreflexia respectively. One had positive Brucella PCR from his cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Five patients were confirmed brucellosis by PCR detection from blood culture. Three probable Brucella cases were diagnosed based on clinical presentation, positive Brucella IgG titre and an epidemiological link. All the patients required an average of 14 days of hospitalizations and received at least 6 weeks of combination antibiotic. All eight recovered without long term sequalae. Discussion: From these two outbreaks, we find that all patients had prolonged fever and non-specific symptoms with routine laboratory investigations being inconclusive. In both outbreaks, a positive epidemiological link to consuming unpasteurized goat milk and handling of cattle was the important clue to diagnosis. In addition, timely recognition of neurobrucellosis is crucial as the choices and duration of antibiotic might differ from our usual regime. Conclusion: In conclusion, assessment of exposure risk to brucella is prudent while taking history for all patients presenting with fever of unknown origin as it will lead to early diagnosis, early treatment and minimised risk of laboratory staff exposure.

A Conceptual Framework: The Integration of SQ3R in Flipped Classroom Model for Chinese Reading Comprehension

Reading comprehension is one of the important elements in reading skills. Through reading comprehension, students will be able to know the meaning and gain the main information from the reading materials. An effective reading strategy will be a better way to help students understand more about reading. Meanwhile, internet technology is widely used in the education field to promote learning that occurs in the flipped model. This study presents a practical teaching strategy to integrate the SQ3R reading strategy with the help of technology under a new teaching model. Literature reviews on reading comprehension, SQ3R strategy and flipped classroom model are also presented in this paper. This study will employ quantitative approach using surveys technique. Total of 118 year four students from three different primary school in Klang district will be involved in this survey research. A questionnaire and structured interview will be carried out to examine the students’ perception toward the integration of SQ3R in Flipped Classroom Model for Chinese reading comprehension. The primary aim of this study is to promote the Chinese reading comprehension learning process using SQ3R strategy in the flipped classroom teaching model. Through the proposed framework in this study, the SQ3R strategy in the flipped classroom model can be applied in the pedagogical practice. Therefore, this study should be valuable to researchers to present future studies and teachers who wish to improve their teaching methods.

Forecasting Air Pollution Index in Klang by Markov Chain Model

The main purpose of analyze future air quality is to maintain the environment in good and healthy condition. Current techniques applied to forecast the air pollution index were ARIMA, SARIMA, Artificial Neural Network, Fuzzy Time Series, Machine Learning, etc. Thus, each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages in the variables, model selection and model accuracy determination. This study aims to forecast air pollution index by developing a Markov Chain model in Klang district, Selangor state which is one of the most polluted area in Malaysia. The Markov Chain model development is a stochastic process sequence that depends on the previous successive event in time. In this model development, state transition matrix and probability are the main concept in determine the future behavior of Air Pollution Index which depends on the present state of the process. The result shows that the developed model is a simple and good performance model that will forecast and evaluate the distribution of the pollution level in long term.

MODELING URBAN CRIME PATTERNS USING SPATIAL SPACE TIME AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Abstract. The population size, population density and rate of urbanization are often crediting to contributing increasing a crime pattern specially in city. Urbanism model stating that the rise in urban crime and social problems is based on three population indicators namely; size, density and heterogeneity. The objective of this paper is to identify crime patterns of the hot spot urban crime location and the factors influencing the crime pattern relationship with population size, population density and rate of urbanization population. This study employed the ArcGIS Pro 2.4 tool such as Emerging Hot Spot Analysis (Space Time) to determine a crime pattern and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression to determine the factors influencing the crime patterns. By using these analyses tools, this study found that 54 (53%) out of 102 total neighbourhood locations (2011–2017 years) had a 99 percent significance confidence level where z-score exceeded +2.58 with a small p-value (p < 0.01) as the hot spot crime location. The result of data analysis using OLS regression explains that combination of exploratory variable model rate of urbanization and population size contributes 56 percent (R2 = 0.559) variance in crime index rate incident [F (3,39) = 18.779, p < 0.01). While the population density (β = 0.045, t = 0.700, p > 0.10) is not a significance contributes to the change in crime index rate in Petaling and Klang district. The importance of the study is useful information for encouraging government and law enforcement agencies to promote safety and reduce risk of urban population crime areas.

Assessment of CO2 Emission and Energy Reduction on Solid Waste in Jeram Landfill Using Warm Analysis

Today, the increasing of solid waste generation became the major issue in Malaysia due to high population growth. The greenhouse emission and high energy consumption resulted from improper management of solid waste have caused a significant effect on the inhabitants and the environment. Hence, it is necessary to develop an integrated solid waste management plan to combat this problem. The challenges are to educate the communities in managing their own waste in a good manner. Recycling awareness among society should also be emphasized to ensure that waste generated can be properly managed. This paper focused on the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and energy consumption of municipal solid waste management. The aim of this research is to estimate the income generated from recycling activities from the municipal authority in Shah Alam and Klang district in Selangor. The analysis was done using waste reduction model (WARM) created by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), United States. The results indicated that the GHG emission that can be reduced by the Klang authority was 3,024.20 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E) compared to 2,577.80 MTCO2E for Shah Alam authority. The same result has been obtained for the energy emission which indicated the highest saving was 824.90 metric tons of coal equivalents (MTCE) by the Klang authority. However, the Shah Alam authority can only save the amount of 702.80 MTCE. The total incremental of energy used generated by WARM showed that Klang authority can save 23,290.20 million British thermal unit (MBTU) compared to Shah Alam authority of 19,862.80 MBTU. The percentage difference between the Klang authority and the Shah Alam authority in the GHG and energy emission reduction was approximately 14.80%. The total income from recyclable materials for Klang and Shah Alam authority was obtained as RM 918, 638.16. The estimation of GHG emission from both Klang and Shah Alam authority was depending on the solid waste generated and disposal method. In terms of GHG emission, waste separation includes recycling activities could reduce the GHG emission, less air pollution and more environmentally friendly.

Housing Qualities Characteristics towards Relationship on House Prices

The research was conducted in order to obtain measurement for characteristics quality of houses in Malaysia. The aim of this research was to produce the results needed for the relationship between house qualities and house prices. The methodology used in this research was primarily by AHP and Regression Analysis conducted between the characteristics and house prices. Data collection gathered through a sampling of landed terrace houses in the Klang district was incorporated for this. The results from the research showed several significant findings that can improve quality of life for targeted households.

House Qualities Characteristics Relationship on House Prices: Klang District

The research was conducted to measure the characteristics quality of houses in Malaysia. The aim of this research was to produce significant results of the relationship between house qualities and house prices. The methodology used in this research was primarily by AHP and conducting Regression Analysis between the characteristics and house prices. Data collection gathered through a sampling of landed terrace houses in the Klang district was incorporated for this. The results from the research portray significant findings that can help improve quality of life for targeted households.

Spatial eco-risk assessment and prediction of heavy metal pollution in surface soil: a preliminary assessment of an urban area from a developing country

This study was conducted to investigate the total concentrations of heavy metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn), evaluate potential ecological risks, and predict the heavy metal contamination of surface soil in Klang District (Malaysia). Iron (Fe) was discovered as the highest while Cadmium (Cd) was the lowest heavy metal concentration in the surface soil of Klang district. Based on the data collected, the mean values for potential ecological risk index of single elements decreased from cadmium to chromium. Predicted fixed numbers of years were 11 and 21 for Cd accumulations at accelerated and uniform modes, respectively.

Assesment of knowledge towards tuberculosis among general population in Klang District, Malaysia

Tuberculosis is one of the oldest and highly infectious communicable disease. Although tuberculosis disease can be treated and prevented, it is the second most common cause of death attributable to the infectious disease. The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge regarding tuberculosis disease among the general population in klang district, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 general people in 2017. The pre-validated and bilingual standardized questionnaire that consists of respondent's socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge questions were used for this study. The data from this study were analyzed by using SPSS version 23.0 and descriptive analysis was used to elaborate demographic characteristics. Out of 300 study participants (47% males and 53% females), only 57% have heard about tuberculosis and 65% of them wish to get more information on tuberculosis. In addition, 20% of them correctly said that inhaling Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis. This study reveals that knowledge towards tuberculosis within the population is average and it is thus suggested some force-full awareness campaigns and courses should be conducted.

Comparative Analysis of Support Vector Machine, Maximum Likelihood and Neural Network Classification on Multispectral Remote Sensing Data

Land cover classification is an essential process in many remote sensing applications. Classification based on supervised methods have been preferred by many due to its practicality, accuracy and objectivity compared to unsupervised methods. Nevertheless, the performance of different supervised methods particularly for classifying land covers in Tropical regions such as Malaysia has not been evaluated thoroughly. The study reported in this paper aims to detect land cover changes using multispectral remote sensing data. The data come from Landsat satellite covering part of Klang District, located in Selangor, Malaysia. Landsat bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 are used as the input for three supervised classification methods namely support vector machines (SVM), maximum likelihood (ML) and neural network (NN). The accuracy of the generated classifications is then assessed by means of classification accuracy. Land cover change analysis is also carried out to identify the most reliable method to detect land changes in which showing SVM gives a more stable and realistic outcomes compared to ML and NN.

Assessment of bioavailability and human health exposure risk to heavy metals in surface soils (Klang district, Malaysia)

In urban area surface soil the heavy metal concentrations followed the order: Pb (76.15 mg/kg) > Fe (12.96 mg/kg) > Cu (11.58 mg/kg) > Al (10.3 mg/kg) > Zn (6.42 mg/kg) > Co (0.21 mg/kg) > Cd (0.18 mg/kg) > Cr (0.07 mg/kg). For the industrial area surface soil, heavy metal concentrations followed the sequence: Pb (55.28 mg/kg) > Al (15.5 mg/kg) > Fe (14.73 mg/kg)> Cu (14.68 mg/kg) > Zn (4.48 mg/kg) > Co (0.26 mg/kg) > Cr (0.11 mg/kg) > Cd (0.11 mg/kg). PCA output showed that the first and second principal components are attributed due to the presence of “urban metals” in the urban areas while third principal component reflects the anthropogenic factor in the industrial areas. Total Cancer Risk values are more than the incremental lifetime (1.0E − 05), showing the likelihood of a cancer threat for adults and children. For non-carcinogenic risks, Hazard Index values <1 one indicating no potential risks.

Assessment of Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus in the Urban Areas of Klang District, Malaysia.

Diabetes is the most common cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputations and cardiovascular diseases. However, only a negligible percentage of the patients and subjects knew that the feet are affected in diabetes and diabetes affects the heart. Hence, a cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge of diabetes mellitus among the public of different age group, gender, ethnicity, and education level. A sample of 400 participants was randomly selected and data was collected using a structured questionnaire under non-contrived setting. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference in knowledge on diabetes mellitus among different age groups and different ethnic origin but there is no significant difference in the knowledge among different gender and education level. Out of 400 respondents, 284 respondents (71%) knew that diabetes mellitus is actually a condition characterized by raised blood sugar. Age and education level of respondents were found to be the predominant predictive factors on diabetes knowledge, whereas the gender of respondents did not affect the findings of this study. An improved and well-structured educational programme that tackles the areas of weaknesses should be recommended to increase the level of knowledge on diabetes among Malaysians.

The Importance of Costing in Coastal Management: Experience of Selangor, Malaysia

This research investigates the importance of costing element in sustaining the coastal management initiative in Selangor, Malaysia. Thus, this research stems from the approach of financing coastal management to see the importance of budgeting in planning and managing coastal areas. The research attempts to examine and analyse the relationship between the implementation of coastal management and the costing impact. The study was undertaken in Klang District, Selangor based on data collection from interviews, consisting of government officials and coastal management practitioners, apart from obtaining secondary data from literature review and governments’ documents. The results demonstrate that the level of success of implementation of coastal management programme is based on its approved costing. In a local context, the results indicate that the relationship between costing and coastal management has a positive pattern but does not establish a strong relationship, whereby the costing index is only 0.195 (the third ranking place). This situation shows that Selangor state does not emphasise on the importance of costing element in managing its coastal areas. This is due to the lack of attention given to the importance of coastal management in relation to the holistic approach of development practised in Selangor.

Pendekatan Pencegahan Kaunselor Muslim dalam Menangani Salah Laku Pelajar Sekolah Menengah di Daerah Klang, Selangor

Muslim counselor in school is a professional guide who can help schools to reduce students’ misbehavior and to implement Islamic values as a way of life. The Islamic approach is the approach implemented by the school counselor in dealing student’s misbehavior. However, the practice of Islamic approach using by Muslim counselor at school in dealing with students’ misbehavior has not been studied extensively. This paper is aimed to discuss and analyze the Islamic approach adopted by the Muslim counselor as an effort to deal the students’ misbehavior in secondary schools in Klang District, Selangor. Data in this paper were collected through a quantitative survey research. By using purposive sampling, a total of 73 Muslim counselors from secondary schools in the Klang District were selected as respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The study shows that Muslim counselor in schools has implemented the Islamic preventive approach through programs such as anti-smoking talks, HIV and AIDS talks, self-identity courses, leadership courses, religious talks, and visiting program to rehabilitation center. This study also shows that Muslim counselor practicing Islamic preventive approach in dealing students’ misbehavior such as guiding students to perform solat fardu five times a day, to respect human being and environment, to behave with persistence, to commit with a good or ma`ruf deed, and to select a good mass media. As a whole, the Islamic preventive approach by the Muslim counselor has given a huge implication especially to develop an Islamic counseling index in dealing students’ misbehavior.

Heavy Metal Contamination in Urban Surface Soil of Klang District (Malaysia)

This study aimed to determine bioavailability of heavy metal concentrations (Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Cd, Pb and Cr) in 76 urban surface soil samples of Klang district (Malaysia). This study also aimed to determine health risks posed by bioavailability of heavy metals in urban soil on adults and children. For bioavailability of heavy metal concentrations, a physiologically bioavailability extraction test in vitro digestion model was used. Mean values of bioavailability heavy metal concentrations for this study were found to be the highest in Al (25.44 mg/kg) and lowest in Cr (0.10 mg/kg). Results of Spearman correlation coefficient (r) values showed significant correlations were observed for Al-Fe (r = 0.681), Cd-Co (r = 0.495), Cu-Zn (r = 0.232), Fe-Pb (r = 0.260), Fe-Zn (r = 0.239). For cluster analysis, output showed that these heavy metals could be classified into four clusters: Cluster 1 consisted of Cd, Cr, Co, and Pb; Cluster 2 consisted of Zn and Cu; Cluster 3 consisted of Fe; and Cluster 4 consisted of Al. For Clusters 1 and 2, anthropogenic sources were believed to be the sources, while for Clusters 3 and 4 the heavy metals originated from natural sources. Health risks were determined in adults and children through health risk assessment. For adults, Hazard Quotient (HQ) value was <1, indicating no non-carcinogenic risk, while for children, the HQ value was >1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk. Meanwhile, for carcinogenic risk, heavy metal contamination in the Klang district might not pose a carcinogenic risk to adults while it may pose a carcinogenic risk to children because TR values in this study were >1.0E-04 for children. Output has identified the general health risk in the Klang district. Moreover, this study's findings will contribute to fill in the gap of knowledge on heavy metals' impacts on human health and urban development in the Klang District.

Spatial Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Soil from Klang District (Malaysia): An Example from a Tropical Environment

ABSTRACTHeavy metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) in surface soil of Klang district were determined and multivariate analysis was used to understand their potential sources. The total and bioavailability of concentrations were used in identifying the potential risks to the ecology and human health. The means for the total heavy metal concentrations were found to be in the order of Fe > Al > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Co > Cd, while the means for the bioavailability concentrations were found to be in the order of Al > Fe > Zn > Cu > Co > Cd > Pb > Cr. Principal Component Analysis showed Principal Component 1 as being of natural origin whereas Principal Components 2, 3, and 4 were associated with mixed anthropogenic sources, such as traffic and industrial emissions, organic matter, and granulometric fractions. Potential ecological risk assessment indicated an overall low ecological risk. Spatial assessment of non-carcinogenic risks showed that the Hazard Index values were more than one in Johan Setia, due to biomass burning of peat swamps exploited for agricultural development. While for spatial assessment of carcinogenic risks, the Lifetime Cancer Risk values were in the limit (1 × 10−5), indicating low cancer inducing risks. Nevertheless, with intense development pressure in the Klang district could overlap pollution inputs in the future.