City Of Kirov Research Articles

Сравнительная экологическая оценка техногенного воздействия на воздушный бассейн территории Кировской области

The materials of federal and regional reports on the state of the environment, and control and monitoring data of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Kirov region, as well as on the results of scientific studies of the atmospheric air state were analyzed. Based on the analysis the comparative assessment of the atmospheric air state was carried out using the example of the Kirov Region territory as part of the Volga Federal District. The main sources of air emissions and their quantitative characteristics are noted. Despite the fact that recently the vehicle fleet has increased significantly, the stationary sources of air pollution are the main in the regions of the Volga Federal District. In a number of urban agglomerations emissions from stationary sources are inferior to mobile sources of pollution. This is confirmed by the results of the rating of the Volga Federal District regions by the total volume of atmospheric emissions from all sources of pollution for the period from 2019 to 2023. The highest quantity of air pollutant emissions is observed throughout the entire period in regions with high developed chemical, petrochemical, mining, and mechanical engineering industries. This primarily concerns the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Perm Territory, the Orenburg region and the Republic of Tatarstan. While the Chuvash and Mordovian Republics, the Republic of Mari El, the Penza, Ulyanovsk, and Kirov regions are characterized by a significantly smaller contribution of air pollutant emissions and consistently occupy a leading position in these indicators. For a number of years, the territory of the Kirov region has been consistently ranked 6th in terms of total atmospheric emissions. The results of environmental control and monitoring, and conducted scientific research indicate that the main technogenic load on the atmospheric air in the Kirov region falls on the regional center – the city of Kirov and industrially developed areas of the region: Kirovo-Chepetsky, Vyatsko-Polyansky, Omutninsky, Belokholunitsky districts. Areas with local areas of contamination are identified in each of the above.

Socio-cultural origins of beer naming in the Kirov region

Russia in its history has experienced completely different attitudes of the population towards alcohol consumption and, at times, diametrically opposite approaches of the state to its regulation: from dry laws to widespread encouragement, from the northern type of alcohol consumption (dominance of strong drinks) to the southern type (dominance of low-alcohol drinks). In this sense, today we are experiencing a unique situation: in modern Russia, beer (a low-alcohol drink) is taking the lead in the alcoholic beverage market. Beer is again becoming, in fact, a people's drink. This circumstance makes interesting and relevant the question of studying beer consumption in the historical context. How has the consumption of alcohol in the past influenced its consumption today? Is there any cultural connection between the eras? Or is today's beer culture starting from scratch? We have tried to answer these questions by studying modern beer naming.
 In this article the socio-cultural origins of modern beer names are analysed on the example of draught beer shops in the city of Kirov. The names are analysed in the context of successive major Russian historical epochs. The study was conducted using a content analysis method of three hundred and seventy beer names collected by the authors in the first half of 2023 in twenty-two beer shops in the city. Three strategies used for naming beer were identified: pre-revolutionary (these names are closely related to the names of varieties from various Western European countries), Soviet (built on the negation of the pre-revolutionary strategy, based on the development of new, unique names) and post-Soviet (modern names that do not correlate with either the pre-revolutionary or Soviet strategy). The study revealed that the most popular strategies are pre-revolutionary and post-Soviet (38 per cent each of all names considered), while the least popular is the Soviet strategy (24 per cent of all names considered). In addition, the coefficient of uniqueness of the strategy used is introduced, which allows us to understand how diverse the use of a particular strategy in sales is. It is shown that pre-revolutionary and post-Soviet beer naming strategies are most often used in beer sales, while the Soviet strategy is the least popular, which indicates the special characteristics of the beer consumer community.

The development of speed and speed-strength qualities in shortdistance runners in complicated training conditions

Background The problem of developing the speed of movement and speed-strength qualities of sprinters can be solved by applying special exercises in artificially difficult training conditions.
 The purpose of the study is to explore the possibilities of using special training tools, in particular running in artificially difficult conditions at the stage of special physical training of sprinters of mass categories.
 Materials and methods: The study involved young men aged 17-19 years old in the number of 28 people who were engaged in sprint running in the athletics section at the sports school of the Olympic reserve of the city of Kirov (Russia). The pedagogical experiment began on November 5, 2022 and ended on May 24, 2023. By the method of random sampling, all athletes were differentiated into a control group that practiced according to the standard methodology for training sprinters in natural conditions of difficulty and an experimental group in which sprinters practiced in artificially created conditions of difficulty. When processing the results of the study, the Student’s T-test was used.
 Results After the end of the pedagogical experiment, the indicators in both groups improved. The sprinters from the control group had higher scores from 1% to 3% in all tests (p>0.05). In the athletes from the experimental group, from the beginning to the end of the study, the indicators improved from 4.5% to 5.9% on all tests (p<0.05). This proves the effectiveness of using a set of exercises and load components in working with athletes in artificially created difficult exercise conditions.
 Conclusion: If you use a special set of exercises in artificially created difficult conditions when working with sprinters aged 17-19, then the indicators of speed and strength abilities and speed of movement will significantly improve in comparison with athletes who train in natural conditions of difficulty.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 02 April’24 Page : 368-376

Development of endurance in physical education lessons with the use of outdoor games

Background: Endurance is of great importance for the growth and development of the body of schoolchildren, and is also the foundation for the development of other physical qualities. The low level of endurance of modern schoolchildren requires the search for new ways to improve the system of physical education.
 The aim of the study: To increase the level of endurance development in schoolchildren using outdoor games in physical education classes at school.
 Study design: Pedagogical experiment.
 Research methods: The research was carried out on the basis of secondary school number 30 in the city of Kirov, Russian Federation. The experiment was attended by 3rd grade students aged 9-10 years. The study took place from September 6 to December 26, 2022 during physical education lessons 2 times a week for 45 minutes each lesson. In total, 2 groups of 25 people were formed. Classes in the control group were conducted according to the standard program, and in the experimental group, outdoor games were additionally conducted at each lesson for 6-7 minutes. Tests that were used to determine endurance: flexion and extension of the arms while lying on the floor, running 30 meters, Vis bent arms, lifting the trunk from the supine position, running 1000 m.
 Results: After the end of the pedagogical experiment, the indicators of school children in both groups became higher. In the control group, the indicators were reliable only in the test for flexion and extension of the arms while lying on the floor. In the experimental group, by the end of the study, the results in all 5 tests showed a significant and reliable result. Flexion and extension of the arms in the prone position from 15,6±0,76 to 19,7±0,76 (p< 0.05); Running 30 meters from 6,25±0,08 to 5,99±0,08 (p< 0.05); Vis bent arms from 21,90±0,97 to 27,10±0,97 (p< 0.05); Lifting the trunk from the supine position from 22,40±0,87 to 28,10±0,76 (p< 0.05); running 1000 m from 337,7±8,01 to 311,9±3,9 (p< 0.05).
 Conclusion: If outdoor games are used in physical education lessons at school when working with children 9-10 years old, then the indicators of different types of endurance will significantly improve.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 01 January’24 Page : 254-261

A favorable period for the development of endurance in schoolchildren aged 7-18 years

The aim of the study is to study the sensitive periods of endurance formation in school-age children. Methods: The pedagogical experiment was organized at secondary school 60, Kirov city in Russia in the period from September 2022 to May 2023. The study involved 578 boys and 637 girls who were admitted by doctors to physical education classes at school. All children took the Cooper control test for 6 minutes at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Physical education classes were held according to the standard program under the work of physical education teachers. The study used methods of mathematical statistics, the Student's T-test, the reliability was determined at p>0.05. Results: After the end of the pedagogical experiment, the students' performance improved on average in all classes. However, the improvement was uneven. Thus, the high increase in endurance was among schoolchildren from grade 2, grades 8-11 for boys, the indicators improved from 12 to 16% (p<0.05). The indicators improved by 12-15% (p<0.05) in girls from grades 2, from grades 9-11. Conclusions: As a result of the experiment, we can say that the sensitive period for the development of endurance in girls is the age of 8-9 years, 15-18 years, and in boys 8-9 years and 14-18 years. It should be noted that there is a high increase in endurance indicators in children aged 10-11 years. The results of the study make it possible to adjust the educational process in schools and improve the training process in various sports for children aged 7-18 years.

ANALYZING THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION TO STUDY ENGLISH AT THE GYMNASIUM

This article describes the main methods and factors infl uencing the formation of positive sustainable motivation for educational activities of students. The problem is that children studying from 7th to 9th grade are characterized by a drop in the level of motivation to learn a foreign language at school. There are so-called “risk groups” - children who have an extremely low level of motivation to learn English. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of motivation development of students (optimal, suffi cient or low) in order to improve the learning process and identify effective methods to increase the motivation of students and, consequently, their performance in this subject. A study was conducted among students in grades 7–9 at a gymnasium in the city of Kirov through questionnaires using various methods. As a result of the questionnaires, 15% of students were found to have a low level of learning motivation development, and the types of learning activity organization in which students were more interested and which stimulate them to study English were identifi ed. The most effective types of organizing educational activities were games, group work, project activities and others. Ultimately, based on the analysis of the students’ responses in grades 7, 8 and 9, ways, methods and techniques for working with students included in the “risk group” were developed, and recommendations were given for organizing the educational process of students from 7th to 9th grade.

Materials for the flora of the park named after the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol (Kirov)

The results of the analysis of the composition and structure of flora of the park named after the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol in the city of Kirov are presented. The study was conducted in 2021-2022 by route-reconnaissance method in combination with geobotanical descriptions of individual communities on temporary sample plots using traditional methods. Vegetation cover is represented by plantings of Betula pendula Roth, groupings of Pinus sylvestris L. and Populus tremula L., open meadow areas, laid alleys of shrubs and trees. The flora of vascular plants includes 125 taxa from 96 genera, 37 families, three classes and two divisions. Convallaria majalis L is found in the park, its cenopopulations require constant control and monitoring of the state in Kirov region. Plants are distributed into 14 ecological-coenotic groups, dominated among them by the number of species of wet-meadow (38.4 %) and nemoral (15.2 %). In the spectrum of biological types hemicryptophytes dominate (60.8 %); in the biomorphological structure -terrestrial herbaceous polycarpics (68.0 %), among them are short-rhizomatous (20.8 %), long-rhizomatous (15.2 %) and tap-rooted (13.6 %) herbs. Flora includes plants of five stages of hemerobia; dominated by species resistant to anthropogenic impact - mesohemerobes (93.3 %); a few taxons, which may tolerate minor soil disturbances - ^-euhemerobes (75.6 %). The revealed spectra suggest that the flora has undergone little transformation during the almost 60-year existence of the park, and to be close to the original meadow community, on the site of which the park was laid out.

Agrobiological study of the collection of winter rye

The paper presents the results of studying collection samples of winter rye for yield and agrobiological traits in the Kirov Region. The authors conducted the field research in 2021–2022 at the experimental field of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Northeast (Kirov City). The study aimed to identify sources of valuable traits for breeding winter rye in the Kirov Region. Weather conditions contributed to the manifestation of the adaptive potential of the samples. Overwintering conditions were at the climatic norm level. Drought in May 2021 (hydrothermal coefficient 0.8) led to a deterioration of spike indicators. More favourable moisture conditions during the spring-summer vegetation were observed in 2022 (hydrothermal coefficient for May-July 1.2–2.5). As a result of the study, the most adapted samples were identified: K-10474 Edelhofer New, K-10394 Otello, Snow 2 242/15, K-10028 Low-stemmed, with productive stem density of more than 200 pcs/m2 and yields of 168–180 g/m2. Sources of high earliness (52–56 pcs.) and spike productivity (1.75–1.86 g) were identified, such as Snow 2 242/15, K-11821 Donskaya, K-11823 Nika 3; spikelet quantity per spike (33 pcs.) – K-11515 Pallada, K-11649 UH 14; 1000 grain weight – K-11693 Warko (33.6 g). For selection for lodging resistance, promising samples are K-11674 Talovskaya 2, K-11635 Polko, K-11649 UH 14, donors of dominant monogenic short stem K-10028 Low-stemmed, donors of recessive polygenic short stem K-10149 Carstens, K-10229 Danae. To increase the genetic diversity of breeding material of winter rye in the Kirov Region, samples K-10394 Otello (Sweden), K-10474 Edelhofer New (Austria), K-11410 SCW 1662 (Germany), K-11693 Warko (Poland), Snow 2 242/15 (Russia), K-11821 Donskaya (Russia), K-11823 Nika 3 (Russia), K-10028 Low-stemmed (Bulgaria), K-11515 Pallada (Ukraine) are proposed for crossing with local varieties.

An integrated approach to assessing the ecological state of urban park soils, Kirov, Russia

Aim. Assess the ecological state of soils in park areas and public gardens in the city of Kirov, Kirov region, Russia, which are located near areas of heavy traffic, using an integrated approach based on data from physicochemical, microbiological analyzes and biotesting.Material and Methods. Soil samples were taken at various sites in the 60th Anniversary of the USSR Square, in the S.M. Kirov Park and in the 50th Anniversary of the Komsomol Park. The concentration of inorganic ions and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soils were determined by ionic and high‐performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The total content of heavy metals (HM)was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Quantitative registration of microorganisms was carried out by the method of limiting dilutions with subsequent inoculation on selective nutrient media. Biotesting was carried out using the protozoa Paramecium caudatum and the Ecolum bacterial test system.Results. The features of the ionic composition of soils in Kirov parks were studied. In the aqueous extract of the studied soils, sulphate and chloride ions predominated among anions, and calcium ions among cations. Among the groups of microorganisms studied, ammonifying bacteria take the leading positions, the share of which in the microbial complex reaches 65.35–86.54%. There is a close relationship between the content of nutrients and the number of ammonifiers. The gross concentration of HMs in soil samples from parks in Kirov did not exceed their approximate permissible concentration, while the content of Pb, Zn, and Cо was up to 3.1 times higher than the regional background. The highest content of PAHs, maximum values of total carcinogenic activity and toxicity to P. caudatum were found in soil samples taken from areas near highways. Conclusion. The ecological state of urban park soils in Kirov in general can be characterised as satisfactory. Nevertheless, for park soils in the immediate vicinity of highways, increased values of PAH concentration were revealed. Determination of the PAH content in soils can be recommended for inclusion in the environmental monitoring programme in cities because of the persistence of PAHs in the environment, their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, and the lack of standards for the content of most PAHs in natural environments.

Находка теплолюбивого гриба Laetiporus sulphureus на территории г. Кирова

The first discovery of edible medicinal mushroom sulfur-yellow tinder on the territory of Kirov was registered. The local climate is characterized by the predominance of continental air of temperate latitudes and the weather is unstable in terms of temperatures and precipitation throughout the year. The region is characterized by a long moderately cold and snowy winter, a prolonged spring, early autumn and a moderately warm short summer. The average air temperature in the city of Kirov in winter is -9.2 оС, in summer it is +16.4 оС. The annual precipitation is 582 mm, of which 60–70% falls on the warm season. A pure culture of sulfur-yellow tinder was isolated using a fragment of the fruit body extracted from the inner part of the basidiocarp. The growth rate of isolate Laetiporus sulphureus NV on wort agar was 10.6 mm/day, on PGA – 7.8 mm/day. Species identification of the fungus was confirmed by molecular genetic method, the results were deposited in GenBank: ON130354.1. Phylogenetic analysis of species of the genus Laetiporus was carried out. The antibiotic activity of the isolate was studied. It was found that the fungus inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria i>Arthrobacter humicola 30H, Pedobacter agri 85Td and gram-negative species Pseudomonas cepacia 5809, Erwinia rhapontici DAG1-1. As a result of the liquid-phase ultivation of the L. sulphureus NV isolate on various liquid nutrient media using a magnetic stirrer, it was found that the greatest accumulation of biomass on 20 days of cultivation is observed on a liquid medium based on a decoction of barley husk with the addition of 2% glucose. The accumulation of dry mycelium biomass up to 1.64 g/L was revealed.

Prevention of the extremism and terrorism among the youth of the Kirov region as an important sphere of educational activity of the Vyatka State Agrotechnological University

Introduction. The group of young citizens is the most vulnerable to negative influences of radical movements and organizations associated with developing and spreading extremism and terrorism.Purpose setting. In this regard, required organization of preventive work to resist extremist manifestations and the threat of terrorism among the youth of the Kirov region.Methodology and methods of the study. To achieve the task at the first stage, the authors have studied the psychological and pedagogical, sociological literature on this problem. At the second stage, the program of multifaceted events among student youth of the city of Kirov and the Kirov region has been created to prevent the emergence of extremist manifestations.Results. In 2021, the university held more than 300 educational and cultural events aimed at developing youth»s rejection of the terrorism ideology and instilling in them traditional Russian spiritual and moral values. For this purpose more than 400 experts – representatives of religious and public organizations, figures of culture and art have been invited.Conclusions. The basic principles of organizing the preventive work by the university, the thoughtfulness of all the educational activities, interaction of the university management with various organizations of the Kirov region made it possible to create the favorable conditions for resisting extremism and terrorism among the youth.

The influence of Burpee on the volume of attention of schoolchildren

Objectives: to determine the influence of the «Burpee» exercise on the indicators of endurance and volume of attention in children aged 15-16. Methods: the pedagogical experiment was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive school, the city of Kirov, Russia. The study involved children 15-16 years old in the amount of 52 people. During the study period, 30 physical education lessons were held in each class. Children from the control group were engaged in the usual program, and children from the experimental group additionally performed the «Burpee» exercise. Endurance in children was determined by the test «2000 m», and the volume of attention was determined by the test «Schulte Tables». The study used Excel and BioStat to determine Student’s T-test. Results: after the pedagogical experiment, the indicators in the control group in the «2000 m» test improved by 1.9% (p>0.05), and in the «Schulte Tables» by 4.8% (p>0.05). In the experimental group, the performance improved significantly in the «2000 m» test by 9% (p<0.05) and in the «Schulte Tables» by 15.8% (p<0.05). Conclusion: if 15-16-year-old schoolchildren perform the «Burpee» exercise in physical education classes, then the indicators of endurance and volume of attention will improve significantly. In this case, physical activity should be individual. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 02 April’23 Page : 392-397

Monitoring the Improvement of the Urban Environment through Exceptional Communication with the Population (Based on the Materials of the Kirov Region)

For the improvement of cities, the project «Formation of a comfortable urban environment» has been implemented in Russia for several years. In many regions, a number of their own landscaping projects are being carried out. The analysis of feedback from the population can be used as a tool for monitoring and measuring the effectiveness of urban improvement programs. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the results of the implementation of improvement programs in Kirov, the regional center of the Kirov region, taking into account the opinions of the population as the main recipient of these programs. The object of the study is the current state of improvement of the city of Kirov. The subject of the study is the analysis of landscaping in a number of areas (road transport, house and communal infrastructure, accessibility and quality of work of socio-cultural facilities) through feedback from the population. The study was carried out by analyzing official statistics data, a formalized survey of the population and interviews with experts. Two clusters of citizens were identified according to the level of satisfaction with the current state of the city's improvement, a large proportion is a cluster with a low level of satisfaction. However, 60% of residents believe that the quality of the urban environment has been gradually changing for the better over the past few years. The majority of respondents have minimal experience of involvement in the co-development of the urban environment, usually expressed in voting for objects for priority improvement. The study made it possible to identify and concretize the problems of the urban environment: disproportions in the improvement of central and suburban neighborhoods, catching up with the nature of infrastructure development during housing construction, insufficient road capacity, insufficient landscaping of park areas and public recreation areas. A scheme for solving the identified problems of landscaping is proposed, combining two directions: urban planning and communication and managerial.

Peculiarities of Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae) cenopopulations under anthropogenic load

Studies of the biological characteristics of rare and vulnerable species of the Orchidaceae Juss family, to which Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soo belongs, continue to be significant and relevant. The study of the structure of populations of such species in the territories of various nature management contributes to the assessment of their condition, the identification of the specifics of life, the development of measures for protection and restoration. The purpose of this work is to characterize some organismal parameters and the ontogenetic structure of D. incarnata roenopopulations (CP) in two habitats of the city of Kirov subjected to anthropogenic impact. The surveyed CPs are located in forb-grass communities overgrown with woody plants, the herbage of which is dominated by Poaceae species. When assessing the biotope conditions, the deviation of most soil factors from optimal ones was revealed. Immature, virginal and generative individuals are distinguished in the ontogenetic spectrum. The analysis of most parameters showed that the individuals CP of the Kirov sity have close morphomet-ric values with those given in the literature for other parts of the range and natural habitats. Generative individuals are higher here, the length of inflorescences and the number of flowers are greater, while the length of the lower leaf is shorter with equal or lesser width. CPs are few in number, the structure is normal incomplete: in CP 1 with a peak on generative individuals, in CP 2 - on immature and virginal ones; seed regeneration is suppressed. According to the “delta-omega” classification, CP 1 -is maturing, CP 2 - is young. In order to resume a steady full turnover of generations, increase the number and preserve the CP, it is necessary not only to regulate the anthropogenic load, but also to maintain moderate land use after fruit ripening.

The effect of polymorphic alleles carriage of the VKORC1 gene on clinical and laboratory ­parameters in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background. The role of the VKORC1 (1639GA, rs9923231) gene polymorphism in hypersensitivity to warfarin and hypocoagulation is known. It has been proven that polymorphisms in the VKORC1 gene can lead to the progression of atherosclerosis and hypercoagulability, and, therefore, can be factors contributing to the development of acute coronary syndrome.
 Aim. To study the effect of polymorphic genotypes carriage of the VKORC1 gene on the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with acute coronary syndrome.
 Material and methods. The pilot observational cross-sectional study involved 77 patients who were under observation in the conditions of the Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery in Astrakhan and the vascular center of Kirov City Hospital No. 3 (Astrakhan), from October 2020 to May 2021. Genotyping for CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2 on a PCR analyzer was performed. For statistical processing, the HardyWeinberg and Student criteria; 95% confidence interval were determined using Statistica Trial 13 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0. Differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05.
 Results. Significant differences related to the frequency of hemodynamically significant stenosis in homozygous carriers of the GG gene for VKORC1 compared with the group of carriers of the GA genotype 3 (8.8%) versus 7 (22.5%); p=0.0058. Carriers of the GA and GG genotypes were most often diagnosed with myocardial infarction (Q- and non-Q-forming). Carriers of the AA genotype were more likely to have new or progressive angina pectoris. The level of hyperglycemia and triglyceridemia was the highest in the group of patients with the AA genotype, VKORC1 gene.
 Conclusion. Statistically significant differences were established in the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with acute coronary syndrome, carriers of different genotypes of the VKORC1 gene.

Features of the course of COVID-19 in children undergoing outpatient treatment

Objective: to study the clinical and epidemiological features of the course of a new coronavirus infection in children of different ages undergoing outpatient treatment.The study participants were 812 children with COVID-19 aged from 1 month to 17 years, who were on outpatient treatment in the children's polyclinic of the city of Kirov from July to December 2021. The average age of patients with COVID-19 was 5.9 ± 1.1 years. Among the sick young children there were 28%, adolescents — 16%. In 76% of cases, contact with patients with a new coronavirus infection was detected, mainly in the family, as well as in educational institutions. In 70% of cases, an early request for medical help was registered — in the first three days of illness. In most cases (89%), a mild severity of the disease was established with the development of subfebrile fever and pharyngitis. Rhinitis phenomena were recorded in 20% of cases. 7% of children complained of a dry cough. Lung tissue lesion (RG1) was detected in 5% of patients, gastrointestinal tract — 5%. In adolescents, the phenomena of rhinitis, pharyngitis, dry cough were less common than in other age groups. Recombinant interferon alpha-2b and umifenovir were used for etiotropic therapy. All children recovered within 7—10 days from the onset of the disease.

Knowledge about persons with disabilities as an important factor in promoting of tolerance (on the example of students from universities in Kirov)

Introduction.The humane structure of society involves the equality of all people, notwithstanding the characteristics of their individual development, and the tolerant attitude to them.Purpose setting.The purpose of the research is to identify the level of knowledge about people with special health opportunities among senior students of different nationalities who study in higher educational institutions in the city of Kirov and to work out on this basis recommendations for educating young people to be tolerant towards people with disabilities.Methodology of the study.To achieve the research goal at the fi stage, the authors have studied psychological, pedagogical and sociological literature on this problem. At the second stage, the authors have conducted the study through anonymous questionnaire survey of senior students of Vyatka State Agrotechological University and Kirov State Medical University in order to study their views about people with disabilities.Results.Based on the analysis and statistical processing of data, the knowledge and ideas about people of this category, their problems, individual features, the role of the media and the state in the coverage of these problems, the legislative protection of the rights of disabled people have been revealed.Conclusion.As a result of the study, the authors have noted the differences and similarities in the knowledge of students of different universities in Kirov about people with disabilities, and have highlighted the importance of creating new conditions in universities for forming the tolerant attitude towards people with different physical and mental abilities; specifi pedagogical and educational measures have been proposed.

The problem of the risk of development of infection of surgical obstetric wound after cesarian section in women of the Kirov region.

Over the past decade, the frequency of abdominal delivery in Russia has increased to an average of 25 %. The widespread use of abdominal delivery has not been without an increase in the incidence of complications. Among them is an infectious complication of a surgical obstetric wound (ICD O86.1) on the anterior abdominal wall after a caesarean section, which in some regions reaches 43 %. The development of complications is facilitated by various clinical and laboratory risk factors, the analysis of which in women of the Kirov region is the subject of this article. The analysis of clinical and laboratory risk factors was carried out on the basis of the data presented in the case histories of women hospitalized in the gynecological departments of the city of Kirov. Statistical data processing was carried out on a personal computer using the R-4.0.2 statistical program and Excel spreadsheets. When assessing the relevance of the problem for the Kirov region, it was found that the frequency of caesarean section over the past 10 years from 2011 to 2021 increased from 27,0 % to 34,0 %. The incidence of infectious complications in the Kirov region can be presented as follows: infection of the surgical obstetric wound (ICD O86.1) on the anterior abdominal wall after caesarean section - 27,0 %; peritonitis after caesarean section - 0,94 %-1,01 %; diffuse sepsis - 0,93 %-0,97 %. An important role, according to reports, in the addition of an infection of a surgical obstetric wound after cesarean section is played by the general morbidity and obstetric history in women with abdominal delivery, a detailed statistical analysis of which is presented in the materials of the article. The results of the study substantiated the problem of the development of an infection of a surgical obstetric wound after a caesarean section for the healthcare of the Kirov region, comparable to that for the healthcare of the entire Russian Federation. The analysis of clinical and laboratory risk factors showed the feasibility of using a comprehensive analysis of infection of a surgical wound after cesarean section at an early stage of its development to quickly resolve complications, reduce the duration of hospitalization of women after cesarean section, and subsequently preserve the reproductive function of a woman.

How Social Infrastructure Is Co-Produced by Local Communities in Russia

ABSTRACT In economics, the co-production of public goods by local communities is considered a productive way to compensate for the shortcomings of public administration. The article describes the practice of implementing territorial public self-government (TPSG) community projects for the co-production of social urban infrastructure. Based on case studies of local communities in the city of Kirov and data on other Russian regions, I demonstrate that the effects of co-production can be multidirectional. The study draws conclusions about the conditions for the occurrence of TPSGs. The research demonstrates that TPSGs occur when three conditions (vectors) occur in society: civic responsibility, civic helplessness, and paternalism. When the government is incapable of meeting all its obligations, TPSGs are a response to the demand for high-quality social infrastructure. Under these conditions, the government encourages and subsidizes the formal self-organization of citizens. However, although many economists praise the work of TPSGs, there are some downsides. First, the executive government uses TPSGs to “pass on” its responsibilities to citizens and make up for the budget deficit. Second, the government gains the support of the population, which is expressed in the approval of and trust in existing, often ineffective political institutions.

The influence of speed and power load on the indicators of the distribution of attention of schoolchildren with different typologies

Objective: is to determine the effect of speed and strength training on the indicators of attention distribution in children aged 13-14 years, taking into account the strength of their nervous system. Method: the pedagogical experiment took place in an ordinary school in the city of Kirov for three months. Schoolchildren were engaged in physical education twice a week for 40 minutes each lesson. 20 schoolchildren from class 7a were engaged in the usual physical education program. Schoolchildren from the 7b class in the number of 20 people additionally performed a set of exercises in physical education lessons aimed at developing speed and strength abilities. The tapping test differentiated the schoolchildren into two subgroups according to the strength of the nervous system. Indicators of the distribution of attention of schoolchildren were determined by the test Results: after the end of the study, there were changes in all subgroups. In the group of class 7a, children with a strong nervous system improved from 27.3±1.5 seconds to 25.9±1.4 seconds (5%), and children with a weak nervous system improved from 29.0±3.2 seconds to 27.3±3.0 seconds (6%). In the group of children of class 7b, there were more significant changes. In schoolchildren with a strong nervous system, the indicators improved from 31.4±2.9 seconds to 25.4±2.3 seconds (19%), and in children with a strong nervous system, the indicators became higher from 30.3±2.2 seconds to 25.1±1.8 seconds (17%). Conclusion: the indicators of the distribution of attention of schoolchildren will improve if they perform physical exercises at each lesson in physical culture, which are aimed at the development of speed and strength abilities. The load should be differentiated taking into account the strength of the nervous system of schoolchildren. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 634-638