Kipas Putih Research Articles

Effect of eco-enzymes on vegetative and generative growth in several kipas putih soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) mutant lines

This research used soybeans resulting from gamma-ray radiation mutations of the Kipas Putih variety to obtain new superior varieties that are better than their parents. The research was carried out at the East Sector 2 Experimental Garden, as well as the Genetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University from April to July 2023. This research used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) in a 2 x 4 factorial pattern with 3 replications so that there are 24 experimental units. The first factor is the concentration of ecoenzyme (K) which consists of 2 levels (without eco-enzyme and 10 ml L−1), while the second factor was the soybean line which consists of 4 levels, namely mutants B4, B7, B18, and the Kipas Putih (parent) variety. The results showed that the application of 10 ml L−1 eco-enzyme had an influence on the parameters of plant height, number of productive branches, number of pods, number of pithy pods, and percentage of pithy pods. The Kipas Putih G1 (B4) soybean mutant line was the best in terms of the number of pithy pods. The Kipas Putih G2 (B7) soybean mutant line was the best in the parameters of harvest age, flowering age, number of pods, and seed weight per plant. The best interaction of eco-enzyme with mutant lines was found in mutant lines G3 (B18) and G2 (B7) when given 10 ml L−1 of eco-enzyme based on the parameters of the number of productive branches and seed weight per plant.

Mutagenesis of soybean var. Kipas Putih

The low availability of superior soybean varieties that can adapt to Indonesia’s diverse environment and agroecosystem is the cause of low soybean production. On November 3, 1992, the Kipas Putih variety from Aceh was released as a National variety. This variety is not popular and does not meet the tempe industry criteria because the seed size is relatively small when compared to other superior varieties such as the Dega1, Biosoy, and Grobogan varieties. The Kipas Putih soybean variety weighs 12 g for 100 seeds an average dry weight production capacity of 1.69 tons ha-1, and a protein and fat content of 35% and 20.5%. To improve the quality of the Kipas Putih soybean variety, mutations carried out using gamma ray radiation at Patir Batan, Pasar Minggu – Jakarta. Research results from the mass selection process to the 8th generation (M8) produces several lines that weigh 100 grains between 14 - 18 g and a protein content of between 40 - 48%, which exceeds the characteristics of the Kipas Putih. The seed weight per plant of the M8 Kipas Putih soybean mutant line was higher than that of the Kipas Putih (parent) variety and the Dega1 variety. Most of the qualitative characters of the mutant lines were no different from their parent Kipas Putih variety. Most of the qualitative characters of the mutant lines were no different from their parents the Kipas Putih variety. This shows that mutation using gamma ray radiation can change quantitative characters such as the number of seeds per plant and the weight of 100 seeds.

RAPD Analysis for Genetic Variability of Soybean Mutant Resulting from Gamma Rays Irradiation in M6 Generation

Background: Soybean is one of the most important commodities around the globe. Increasing soybean production absolutely continue to be pursued because soybean consumption increased steadily. One way that can be done is assembly technology of new superior varieties that have better and adaptive properties. The aim of this study was to determine molecular diversity of soybean mutants lines resulting from gamma irradiation in M6 generation. Methods: Molecular analysis with RAPD markers was carried out in the Tropical Balitbu Laboratory Sumatera Barat, Indonesia in November 2021. The tested genotypes consisted of 8 genotypes, namely Kipas Putih variety (elderly), Anjasmoro variety (comparison), M.1.1.3, M.5.2.1, M.5.2.3 l, M.1.1.8, M.1.1.9 and M.1.1.17 mutant lines. The primers used were RAPD 2 (5´-GTTTCGCTCC-3´), RAPD. 3 (5´-GTAGACCCGT-3´), RAPD 4 (5´-AAGAGCCCGT-3´) and RAPD 5 (5´-AACGCGCAAC-3´). Result: The results of the RAPD analysis showed that there were differences in size of amplicon between the mutants and the parents, namely the RAPD 2 primer (1400 bp band) and the RAPD 5 primer (550 bp and 1000 bp band). The parents had a pattern of DNA bands but in the M.5.2.3 and M.1.1.9 mutants the DNA band was absent. The parent RAPD 5 primers (1000 bp, 550 bp) had a DNA banding pattern but in the M.1.1.3 and M.1.1.8 mutants there was no DNA banding pattern. This indicated that the M.1.1.3, M.5.2.3, M.1.1.8 and M.1.1.9 mutants had different genetic diversity from their parent (Kipas Putih variety).

Clustering of Fifth Generation Mutants of Genetically - Improved Kipas Putih Soybean with High Protein Content

Kipas Putih is one of the local varieties of soybean from Aceh, Indonesia. To improve the productivity of this variety, the irradiation mutation technique was applied. This study aimed to examine the level of genetic diversity in the M5 generation of Kipas Putih soybean using SSR markers and to identify whether any used markers were associated with the loci that control the protein content in soybean. A total of 18 SSR markers were used to amplify the DNA of 11 mutant lines of Kipas Putih. The total alleles detected were 55 alleles which range from 1 to 7 alleles per locus. The average of major allele’s frequency was 0.71 with the heterogeneity of 0.17. The PIC value ranged from 0.00 to 0.73 with an average of 0.35. Satt308 was identified as the most polymorphic marker among others since it had a PIC value greater than 0.70. The genetic distance analysis showed that the mutant lines B4, B10 and B13 had the furthest genetic distance (0.45) with the Kipas Putih (B0) soybean variety. The phylogenetic analysis showed Kipas Putih soybean and ten mutants of M5 generation grouped into four main clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.20. Furthermore, association analysis showed that only two SSR markers, Satt577 and Satt431 were significantly associated with protein content with an R2 value of 0.7855 to 0.9643.

Agronomic diversity of several soybean putative mutant lines resulting from gamma-rays irradiation in M6 generation

Abstract. Nilahayati, Nazimah, Handayani RDS, Syahputra J, Rizky M. 2022. Agronomic diversity of several soybean putative mutant lines resulting from gamma-rays irradiation in M6 generation. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 34-39. Soybean is one of the foremost commodities for Indonesian people. Therefore, increasing domestic production absolutely must continue to be pursued. One way that can be done is to use the assembly technology of new superior varieties with better and adaptive properties. This study aims to determine the agronomic diversity and yield of soybean putative mutant lines resulting from gamma irradiation in M6 ??generation. The research was conducted in Paloh Lada Village, Dewantara District, Aceh Utara Regency, Indonesia, from July 2021 to October 2021. The tested genotypes consisted of 8 genotypes, namely Kipas Putih variety (parent variety), Anjasmoro variety (comparison variety), M.1.1.3, M.5.2.1, M.5.2.3, M.1.1.8, M.1.1.9 and M.1.1.17 mutant lines. The results showed that the agronomic diversity of the tested mutants was different compared with the parents and comparison variety. We obtained early maturity and high yielding mutant in M7 ??generation. The mutant lines with high yield and equivalent to its parents was M.1.1.8 with a production of 4.37 tha-1. Mutant lines with early maturity were M.1.1.9, M.5.2.1 and M.1.1.3 lines with a harvesting age of 83 days after planting (DAP).

Yield components of the M7 Kipas Putih mutant soybean

This study aimed to obtain the homogeny of M8 soybean lines in an effort to release new high yielding varieties. The research was conducted in Lamsidaya village, and the observation of yield components was carried out at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala. This study did not use an experimental design, so that the quantitative characters were observed individually from each plant, then analyzed by estimating the heritability broad sense value and the progress of selection. The material used were var. Kipas Putih and var. Dega1 as control, eight of 7th generation Kipas Putih mutant lines (B4, B7, B10, B12, B13, B15, B18 and B22). All genotypes were planted in rectangular plot 10 m x 1 m, drainage 50 cm, and planting distance 50 cm x 30 cm. Plants were maintained in accordance with the recommendation for soybean cultivation from Balitkabi, and fertilizer NPK (16:16:16) was given 200 g/plot (200 kgha-1). Parameters observed included plant height, flowering time, harvest time, number of productive branches, total number of pods per plant, number of filled pods per plant, percentage of filled pods per plant, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds, seed weight per plot, and yield potential. All quantitative characters indicated increase on selection except for the character of plant height, percentage of filled pods and weight of 100 seeds because the heritability value was low. The B18 line has the potential to become a new high yielding variety because it has a high yield potential (3.02 tons ha-1) with a large seed size compared to the other seven mutant lines and is also higher than the parent Kipas Putih and var Dega 1 varieties.

Germination and seedling growth of Kipas Putih soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merril) in various dosage of gamma rays irradiation

Gamma irradiation is the widely used mutagen in assembling plant genetic diversity. The important thing to do is looking for the most appropriate dose that gives rise of diversity without turning off irradiated plants. This study aims to determine the initial growth response of Kipas Putih soybean seeds due to gamma ray irradiation treatment. Kipas Putih soybean seeds measure their water content up to 11%. Furthermore, gamma ray irradiation was carried out at doses 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 Gray. The results showed that there was decrease pe rcentage of germination in Kipas Putih soybean seeds at 200 Gray reaching 50% at 14th day after planting. Irradiation doses of 400 Gray and 600 Gray reduce percentage of germination until 20% and 30%, respectively. While at doses of 800 Gray and 1000 Gray, all seeds died at 21st day after planting. Giving gamma ray irradiation also showed a decrease in seedling height along with increasing irradiation dose.

Respon beberapa galur mutan kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril) generasi M5 pada berbagai tingkat cekaman salinitas terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih serta pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman pada media Rockwool

This study aims to determine the effect of various levels of salinity on several M5 soybean mutant lines. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology and the Screen House of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. The experiment design that used was factorial 5x4 with three replications and continued the analisis data with the Honest Real Difference Test (BNJ) at 5% level. The first factor was the soybean genotype with 5 levels, namely the Kipas Putih B4, B7 and B15 mutants, and Kipas Putih (mutant parent) and Wilis varieties were used as a comparison. The second factor is the concentration of NaCl which consists of 0 g L-1 (0 ds / m), 4 g L-1 (4 ds / m), 6 g L-1 (5 ds / m), and 8 g L-1. (5.5 ds / m). The results showed that each genotype had different resistance to salinity. At a concentration of NaCl 4 gL-1 (4 ds / m), the genotype has begun to show a decrease in the value of viability and vigor of seeds as well as plant vegetative growth. There is no soybean genotype that is tolerant to salinity with the ability to germinate and grow above 80% or more. The genotypes of Wilis, Kipas Putih and mutants B4 had relatively better germination and growth power in salinity stress compared to mutants B7 and B15.

Resistance level of several soybean lines of M6 generation to stem rot disease Athelia rolfsii

Abstract. Hanafiah DS, Safni I, Siregar LAM, Famanik RIM, Lestmi A, Matondang M. 2020. Resistance level of several soybean lines of M6 generation to stem rot disease Athelia rolfsii. Biodiversitas 21: 4537-4542. Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. is a soil-borne pathogen that causes stem rot disease on plants. The attack is one of the causes of low soybean productivity hence induction of plant resistance is needed to overcome these problems. Mutagenesis is one of the breeding techniques for inducing genetic variability especially for disease-resistant characters in soybean. This research aimed to obtain selected soybean plant lines (Glycine max L. Merr) of M6 generation based on resistant character against stem rot disease A. rolfsii. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Disease and research field of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia and soybean planting was carried out on agricultural field, Universitas Sumatera Utara from March to September 2018. This research used augmented design. The treatments were 8 mutant genotypes derived from radiation mutagenesis, that is; Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Kipas Putih varieties. The results showed that the analysis of resistant levels on M6 generation based on disease incidence resulted in 2 lines with resistant criteria to stem rot disease A. rolfsii, that is; M100A25 (5/3) and M200A11 (32/3). Observation of intensity of disease attacks showed that Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, M100A6 (31/1), and M200A12 (6/5) had the lowest resistance level compared to other genotypes. The mutant lines that had high category level of resistance are candidates for resistance lines against stem rot disease A. rolfsii.

Evaluation of selected soybean mutant of Kipas Putih M4 at the experimental research station faculty of Agriculture Universitas Syiah Kuala

An evaluation of 4th generation (M4) of Kipas Putih soybean mutants was done to obtain a high potential production line. The research was conducted at Agriculture Faculty of Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam - Banda Aceh. Kipas Putih soybean variety that have not been irradiated was used as a control. Evaluation was done on agronomic character and yield. The results showed that mutants with high potential for production were B4, B15 and B22 mutants. The best mutant is B15 that have increased in the seed size about of 19,19 % from the parent – Kipas Putih variety (B0).

Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Kedelai Varietas Anjasmoro Pada Tanah Salin

Increased soybean production is competing with the extension of the use of agricultural land for non- agricultural needs. Therefore the future expansion of agricultural land can only use marginal lands such as peatlands, wetlands and tidal lands. This paper discusses the growth and production of soybean varieties Anjasmoro in saline environments. Varieties Anjasmoro have total leaf area and the percentage ratio of the canopy which is not significantly different from the other varieties tested except Kipas Merah. In the production of components, seed weight Anjasmoro 100 seeds varieties including higher and statistically the same as the varieties Kipas Putih dan Kipas Merah

Genetic variability and heritability on Kipas Putih soybean mutant lines using gamma rays irradiation (M3 generation)

The objective of the research was to determine the selection criteria in Kipas Putih Soybean with gamma rays irradiation in M3 generation. In this study there are four populations namely population 0 Gray (control), 100 Gray, 200 Gray and 300 Gray. The results showed that high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was obtained on the number of pods and seed weight per plant in population 200 Gy, number of branches on 100 Gy and 300 Gy, number of pods and seed weight per plants 100 and 200 Gy, moderate GCV in number of branches on 100 and 300 Gy while other characters such as plant height, numbers of branches on 200 Gy, flowering and harvest age have narrow GCV criteria. High heritability values are found in 300 Gy on plant height, number of branches 300 Gy, number of pods and seed weight per plant 200 Gy, days to flower 200 Gy and 300 Gy and days to harvest of all doses. Based on the genetic variabiliy and heritability, characters that can be used as selection criteria in this study is number of pods and seeds weight per plant, days to flower and days to harvest.

Penampilan Morfologis Galur-Galur Harapan Kedelai Hasil Persilangan Varietas Malabar dan Kipas Putih

The increasing demand for soybean is driven by population growth and development of industry. The current import of soybean should be considered as pragmatic solution to fill the gap between supply and demand. In the long term, the domestic production of soybean has to be increased to minimize the dependency on imported soybean. As part of soybean breeding program for yield improvement, this study was undertaken to evaluate the performances of five elite lines (11 AB, 13 ED, 14 DD, 19 BE, and 25 EC) derived from cross of Malabar and Kipas Putih as compared to their parental varieties and Tanggamus (commercial variety). The evaluation was set up in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Significant variations among the genotypes were found on plant height, flowering date, number of fertile node, hundred seed weight, plant biomass, and protein and lipid contents, but not on number of productive branch, maturity date, pod number, yield per plant, and yield per plot. In most cases, the evaluated lines had intermediary performances between their parental varieties, although some lines produced earlier flowering, larger seed, higher protein content, and lower lipid content. 11 AB exhibited a superiority over its parental and Tanggamus in term of plant biomass and protein content.

Penyebaran Varietas Unggul Kedelai dan Dampaknya terhadap Ekonomi Perdesaan

<p>Improved soybean varieties are generally possessing high yield, resistant to major pests and diseases, and carrying other important properties. Until 2013 more than 70 improved varieties had been released, but not all are planted by farmers. The present research objectives were: (1) to identify the distribution and farmers preferences of improved soybean varieties, (2) to identify the adoption barrier of new soybean varieties, and (3) to estimate the economic contribution of the new soybean varieties. The study was conducted on soybean production centers in Indonesia, covering East Java, Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, West Java, and South Sulawesi. The research was carried out using survey method, where samples of farmers were used as sources of the primary data. There were total of 600 farmer respondents. Analyses of the data applied the tabulation analysis, principal components analyses, and contributions analyses. The results showed that soybean varieties most widely adopted by farmers in order of the highest were: Anjasmoro (32.1% farmer users, covering area of 190,567 ha), Willis (17.9% farmer users, area of 93,187 ha), Mahameru (9.1% farmer users, area of 78,190 ha), Grobogan (11.2% farmer users, area of 71,576 ha). Farmer’s preferences to soybean variety, included the following characters: flowering at 35-40 days after planting, harvesting 70-75 days after planting, stem with many branches, yellow seed coat color, round seed shape, large seed size, and the grains sold easily. The reason of varieties was not being adopted by farmers include: unavailability of seeds at planting time, seed size was too small, seed price is too expensive, and the distance from farmers’ home to the seed kiosk was too far away. The economic contribution of improve soybean varieties was as followed: Anjasmoro (Rp 1.3 trillion), Mahameru (Rp 0.61 trillion), Grobogan (Rp 0.61 trillion), Willis (Rp 0.56 trillion), Baluran (Rp 0.25 trillion), while the other improved varieties (Argomulyo, Bromo, Orba, Kipas Merah, Galunggung, Kipas Putih, Davros, Gepak kuning, Gepak Hijau, Malabar, Burangrang, Mitani, Kaba, Lokon, Sinabung) each contributed to the rural economy in a total of Rp 0.57 trillion. The total economic contribution of all improved soybean varieties was estimated at Rp 3.9 trillion.</p>

EFISIENSI PUPUK FOSFOR PADA BEBERAPA KULTIVAR KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX L. MERRIL)

Very low level of Phosphorus (P) availability in lowland area may cause serious hidrance on soybeanproduction in Riau. Addition of P fertilizer to the soil is significant for accelerating soybean production,however there were very limited farmers which were wiling to fertilize their soybean due to limitedcapital and unavailable cultivars that is efficient in absorbing P from soil particles. Therefore, it isimportant to investigate the efficiency of P fertilizer by soybean cultivars (Glycine nuv: L . Merril).This experiment are intended to identify soybean cultivars that are responsive to P-Fertilizer from dieobservation on the growth and production of soybean and to investigate the efficiency of P-Fertilizerby soybean cultivars. The experiment has been conducted in the Field Station of Faculty of Agricul-ture, Riau University located at Pekanbaru, Riau. The materials consisting of 5 cultivars of soybean, is: Kipas Putih, Malabar, Willis, Argoimtlyo and Bromo. Had been planted in plots applied by fourlevels of P fertilizer. The levels of P fertilizer were 20 kg, 40 kg, 60 kg PO per hectare and control.The experiment were arranged in a randomized factorial block experiment with three replications. Ingeneral, addition of fertillizcrdid not influence crop growth significantly especially on vegetative diyweight, the percentage of filled pods, individual seed weight, and P absorption efficiency.The cultivarsdiffered significantly in response to P fertilizer aplication. Optimum efficiency of seed production wasfound for Kipas Putih and Bromo at the level of 40 Kg PO per hectare while in other cultivars, theoptimal, was reached when they where not fertilized by P fertilizer. Optimum absorption of P fertilizerwere detected on Kipas Putih and Bromo at the level of 40 kg PO, per hectare, while in othercultivars the optimum absorption efficiency was obtained when crops were not fertilized.

SKRINING UNTUK TOLERANSI TERHADAP STRES KEKERINGAN PADA 36 VARIETAS KEDELAI PADA FASE PERKECAMBAHAN

Water stress due to drought is the most significant abiotic factor limiting crop growth and development. Drought stress inhibit germination and seedling growth, and extention of inhibition in germination under drought stress condition is varying in varieties. The previous research result showed that the differences in germination response under drought stress can be used as early test for screening to drought tolerance in plants. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the germination response of 36 soybean varieties under drought stress simulated by polyethylene glycol (PEG), to know the drought-stress tolerance level of 36 soybean varieties based on germination response in medium containing PEG, and to identify drought tolerant varieties. Soybean seeds were germinated in sand medium containing several PEG (6000) at concentration 0%, 15% and 20% which equivalent to 0, -0,41 and -0,67 MPa during 5 days. Germination responses were observed by calculating vigor index, germination percentage, lateral root number and measuring hypocotyl and root lenght and seedling dry weight. The level of drought stress tolerance of soybean varieties were evaluated based on index of reduction and drought sensitivity on germination variables in stres and non-stres conditions. The research result showed that drought stress on germination media simulated by PEG decreased vigor index, germination percentage, lateral root number, hypocotyl and root lengths and dry weight of seedling. The inhibition of germination increased with reduction of water potential. The water potential -0,41 MPa inhibited vigor index and hypocotyls length in all tested varieties, but inhibited germination percentage, lateral root number and dry weight of seedling in some varieties. However, decreasing of water potential -0,67 MPa inhibited almost germination variables in all varieties, except root length. Each tested soybean variety showed differences of germination response to drought stres. Varieties of Dieng, Tidar and Sibayak showed less inhibition than others, but Anjasmoro, Burangrang, Galunggung, Kipas Putih and Tambora showed more inhibition in seedling growth. Based on index of reduction and drought sensitivity on germination variables, Dieng and Tidar were identified as tolerant varieties, while sixteen varieties as medium tolerant and seventeen varieties as sensitive ones.

Interaksi Genetik x Lingkungan dan Stabilitas Komponen Hasil Berbagai Genotipe Kedelai di Provinsi Riau

Genotype by environment (GE) interaction and stability of a trait in any crop plant such as soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) are very important for plant breeders to develop and evaluate the new cultivars as well as for farmers to plant suitable cultivars for commercial purpose. Crop performances including harvesting date, yield components and grain yield of nine genotypes of soybean were evaluated at three locations with distinct environments in Riau. The data were used to determine GE interaction variance components of the traits and yield stability. There was significant effect of location on all characters except on grain yield per plot. The genotypes differed significantly in all yield components and grain yield. Genotype x environment interaction significantly affected several crop performances such as harvesting date, all yield components and grain yield. The magnitude of GE interaction variance component was greater than that of location for all traits except the number of seed per plant indicating that most genotypes performed differently across the locations and were not stable with respect to the locations. Among the nine genotypes, line 19BE and Malabar are classified as stable genotypes and could be grown in wide area of Riau Province, while line 13ED and Kipas Putih produced high grain yield in specific area and could be only grown in Pekanbaru. Keywords: genotype x environment interaction, yield components, stability, soybean