Kinship Relations Research Articles

Exploration of the Dayak Onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) in the Borderlands of North Kalimantan, Indonesia

The Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) is a plant endemic to Kalimantan, Indonesia, known for its medicinal properties. This study explores the distribution and morphological diversity of Dayak onions in the border areas of North Kalimantan, encompassing Tana Tidung, Bulungan, Malinau Regencies, and Tarakan City. Fifteen unique accessions were collected, and their morphological traits were characterized both qualitatively and quantitatively. The distribution analysis revealed an even spread of Dayak onions across the studied regions. The diversity analysis, using the Shannon-Wiener index, indicated variations in certain quantitative traits like plant height and root length, while qualitative traits like leaf and bulb characteristics remained largely uniform. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified key morphological characters contributing to the observed diversity, and cluster analysis revealed kinship relationships among the accessions, with some groups showing high similarity coefficients. This research provides valuable insights into the distribution, diversity, and genetic relationships of Dayak onions in North Kalimantan, contributing to potential agricultural and conservation applications.

Influence of outbreeding and inbreeding on milk productivity of the Kostroma breed cows

The material about modern genealogical structure of the Kostroma breed of cattle, breeding base and kinship relations of cows in the breeding farms of the Kostroma region is presented. Domestic Kostroma breed of cattle, possessing valuable economically useful qualities, accounts for 33.5% in the region. The studies were conducted in three breeding farms and two pedigree breeding units in 2023. Breeding and zootechnical records data were used as the research material. The research methods are zootechnical, population-genetic and analytical with the use of computer programs. Milk productivity of cows at outbreeding (unrelated breeding) and at different degrees of kinship at inbreeding was analyzed separately for all breeding plants and pedigree breeding units in the Kostroma region. Out of 1736 cows of the Kostroma breed studied, 918 (52.9%) were obtained by outbreeding, 818 (47.1%) by inbreeding, including distant – 461 (26.5%), moderate – 310 (17.8%), close – 41 (2.4%) and consanguinity – 6 (0.4%). Outbreeding and distant and moderate inbreeding were mostly used in breeding farms. The level of spontaneous inbreeding was 2.8%. Higher milk yields are inherent to outbred cows from all breeding farms of the Kostroma region, fat and protein content in milk - to outbred cows and the animals with different degrees of inbreeding in the conditions of specific farms. The results of the research indicate higher milk productivity of the cows under outbreeding. The obtained data were used for making plans of selection and breeding work with the Kostroma breed of cattle in breeding farms.

Speech Act Of Refusal On Vertical Line Levels In Japanese And Indian Cultures

This study aims to describe the refusal speech acts of Japanese and Indian people in the context of vertical relationship lines. The research employs a cross-cultural pragmatic approach with a qualitative descriptive paradigm method. Data collection was carried out using the Discourse Completion Task (DCT) method on native Japanese and Indian speakers. Data were analyzed using Brown and Levinson's politeness theory and Ochi Suzuki's refusal strategies, presented through a descriptive analysis model. The results indicate differences in the refusal speech acts of Japanese and Indian people within vertical relationship lines. Japanese people, in this context, tend to use indirect refusals, employing various methods to show respect and avoid offending the interlocutor. This is influenced by factors such as social status, social distance, kinship relations, and the speaker's age. Indirect refusals often involve expressions of apology and the use of different language forms. There are slight differences between male and female refusal speech acts in Japanese culture. Women are more careful in choosing words to refuse, showing a higher regard for the feelings of the speaker. In contrast, Japanese men tend to provide straightforward reasons for their refusals but still choose their words cautiously. In the case of Indian people within vertical relationship lines, the majority use direct refusals, as evidenced by their speech. Social factors such as social status and social distance also play a role. Both Indian men and women tend to deliver refusals straightforwardly, assertively, and directly (to the point).

OR[formula omitted]Net: Online Re-weighting Relation Network for kinship verification

Kinship verification aims to infer whether there is a kin relation between different individuals from facial images. However, popular kinship datasets are often small and suffer from data imbalance. Most existing methods build complex networks to extract features but ignore some implicit information, like family information. They use balanced datasets with fixed negative samples for training, which overlooks valuable information from multiple negative samples, leading to poor performance and robustness. To address these issues, we propose a novel end-to-end framework for kinship verification called Online Re-weighting Relation Network (OR2Net) based on an online re-weighting strategy of meta-learning and relation network. Our novel relation network aims to extract fine-grained features and reduce differences between generations by using multi-scale features and mining family information from kinship datasets. Additionally, we design a lightweight meta re-weighting network that uses a small, clean meta-set to guide the adaptive weighing of training examples. This is done using one-step stochastic gradient descent (SGD) based on an online re-weighting strategy from meta-learning. This helps find effective hard negative samples and reduces the imbalance problem. Extensive experiments on three public kinship verification datasets show that our proposed method is more effective compared to state-of-the-art methods. The code is publicly available on https://github.com/XinZhao-dlnu/OR2N.

The Haunted Academy: A Whakapapa Approach to Understanding Māori Doctoral Student Belonging in Aotearoa Universities

Hauntings are often misconstrued as strange and often scary supernatural experiences that blur the lines between what is real and what is not. Yet, Indigenous hauntings can not only be confronting, but they can also be comforting and support place belonging. This paper offers a Māori philosophical way of theorising hauntology and its relation to time, space, place, and belonging by privileging a whakapapa perspective. Whakapapa acknowledges not only kinship relations for people, but all things and their relationship to them, from the sky to the lands, and the spiritual connections in between. Employing a whakapapa kōrero theoretical framework, I draw on Māori constructs of time and place through Wā, Wānanga (Māori stories both told and untold), and Te Wāhi Ngaro to offer some insights from my doctoral thesis where Māori PhD students shared their everyday experiences in their institutions. With a backdrop of settler-colonial structures, norms, and daily interactions, I argue that hauntings are an everyday familiar occurrence in Te Ao Māori which play a major role in the way Māori doctoral students establish and maintain a sense of belonging in their universities.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) using SNP genotyping data

The Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai is one of the most valuable mollusks in China. It also supports an important fishery in the northern coast of China, which has shown a declining tendency. The conservation of this species is attracting attentions under the potential threats of alien stocks and hybrid varieties disseminated in aquaculture. However, population genetics information on whole-genome level is lacking. The present study analyzed the genetic diversity, population structure, and inbreeding coefficient of nine populations collected from China and Japan using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data from 214 samples. The results showed higher observed heterozygosity (Ho) than expected heterozygosity (He), and negative inbreeding coefficient (Fis) values indicating an excess of heterozygotes, and highlighting medium to high genetic diversity within the population. The genetic structures of the nine populations were categorized into three distinct subgroups. Pairwise Fst values based on all SNP loci and those for neutral markers were consistently low, indicating an overall genetic homogeneity between the populations. The distribution of runs of homozygosity (ROH) lengths suggests the potential occurrence of kinship relationships in various historical periods, including both distant and recent periods. The TreeMix and shared haplotypes suggested strong gene flow from Japanese populations of Pacific abalone to Chinese populations. These findings establish the stock status of the Pacific abalone in China, providing a basis for conservation, fishery management and utilization of the stocks in aquaculture.

Genetic constitution and variability in synthetic populations of intermediate wheatgrass, an outcrossing perennial grain crop.

Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a perennial grass that produces nutritious grain while offering substantial ecosystem services. Commercial varieties of this crop are mostly synthetic panmictic populations that are developed by intermating a few selected individuals. As development and generation advancement of these synthetic populations is a multiyear process, earlier synthetic generations are tested by the breeders and subsequent generations are released to the growers. A comparison of generations within IWG synthetic cultivars is currently lacking. In this study, we used simulation models and genomic prediction to analyze population differences and trends of genetic variance in 4 synthetic generations of MN-Clearwater, a commercial cultivar released by the University of Minnesota. Little to no differences were observed among the 4 generations for population genetic, genetic kinship, and genome-wide marker relationships measured via linkage disequilibrium. A reduction in genetic variance was observed when 7 parents were used to generate synthetic populations while using 20 led to the best possible outcome in determining population variance. Genomic prediction of plant height, free threshing ability, seed mass, and grain yield among the 4 synthetic generations showed a few significant differences among the generations, yet the differences in values were negligible. Based on these observations, we make 2 major conclusions: (1) the earlier and latter synthetic generations of IWG are mostly similar to each other with minimal differences and (2) using 20 genotypes to create synthetic populations is recommended to sustain ample genetic variance and trait expression among all synthetic generations.

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT THROUGH BAILEO DESIGN CONCEPT STRATEGY IN YALAHATAN VILLAGE, CENTRAL MALUKU DISTRICT

The Ambon conflict is an event of conflict between religious communities. What occurred in the period from 1999 to 2000, this event caused divisions which had an impact on the harmony of the people who had long lived side by side. Baileo House is a traditional building that is able to translate various elements of kinship between pela gandong and patasiwa, patalima. This research was conducted in Yalahatan hamlet, negeri Tamilouw, Central Maluku Regency. The people of Yalahatan hamlet have a Baileo house called usali or a community gathering place. The aim of this research is to identify various factors contained in the Baileo house in Yalahatan hamlet as a unifying building with its performance in minimizing conflict by elevating the community's identity as traditional people who love brotherhood. The type of research applied is qualitative descriptive research. From the research results, it was found that the performance of the Baileo house in uniting the Yalahatan hamlet community through its various functions, is an example of the existence of traditional values ​​which naturally direct the community to return to maintaining kinship relations between fellow Yalahatan people in particular and fellow Alifuru people in general.

What is the cure for absolute infertility? Biomedicalisation and routinisation of surrogacy and uterus transplantation in Nordic medical journals

AbstractThis article investigates 20 years of discursive struggles in Nordic medical journals around the process of legitimating and routinising gestational surrogacy and uterus transplantation in Finland and Sweden. The comparative analysis through critical discourse analysis suggests that influential health care professionals have contributed to different levels of legal and cultural adaptation of the methods, prioritising non-commercial gestational surrogacy in Finland and uterus transplantation in Sweden. The article identifies central discursive turning points in the medical journal discussions by interpreting them against the background of medical and policy developments in Finland and Sweden during the analysed twenty-year period. Legitimation and routinisation of surrogacy and uterus transplantation were developed through biomedicalisation by representing them as infertility treatments and emphasising the relational dynamics between donors and recipients—a connection that in the Nordic context is often based on kinship or close relationships. The diagnosis of absolute uterine factor infertility was central to representing women as on the boundary between fertile and infertile, as they may have functioning ovaries. Through the biomedicalised rhetoric of equal opportunities for biogenetic motherhood, the diagnosed women’s ambiguous reproductive status was used to legitimise the two methods as cures for absolute infertility, thereby reinforcing hegemonic family and kinship norms.

Estranged Kinship: Empathy and Animal Desire in Merleau-Ponty

Abstract Merleau-Ponty suggests in his Nature lectures that myth provides the best way into thinking the relation of strange kinship between humanity and animality. He goes on to refigure Husserl’s paradigm of the two hands touching to extend beyond merely human-to-human relations, invoking in the process the myth of Narcissus. By carefully examining Merleau-Ponty’s late refiguration of that paradigm, alongside the revised conception of narcissism that it helps him to develop, we find that while human-animal empathy is made possible by a ground of intercorporeal kinship, human-animal estrangement makes possible the emergence of an ethical relation to other animals, contingent upon the sublimation of animal desire. Holding human-animal kinship and estrangement in tension reveals a nascent ideal present implicitly in the early stages of childhood development: a vision of the possibility of interspecies harmony, rooted in the bodily reciprocity that drives the process of self-maturation.

Development of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers and Population Genetic Analysis of the Hadal Amphipod Alicella gigantea across the Mariana and New Britain Trenches

Alicella gigantea, the largest amphipod scavengers found to date, play key roles in the food web of the hadal ecosystem. However, the genetic structure of A. gigantea populations among different trenches has not been reported yet. In this study, SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) markers were developed for three A. gigantea geographic populations collected from the southern Mariana Trench (SMT), the central New Britain Trench (CNBT), and the eastern New Britain Trench (ENBT), based on the SLAF-seq (specific locus amplified fragment sequencing) technology. A total of 570,168 filtered SNPs were screened out for subsequent population genetic analysis. Results showed that the inbreeding levels across the three geographic populations were relatively low, and the genomic inbreeding coefficients of the three populations were similar in magnitude. Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, population structure analysis, and principal component analysis, it is believed that the three A. gigantea geographic populations belong to the same population, and the kinship relationship between the ENBT and CNBT populations is close. Moreover, the differential candidate adaptive sites on the SNPs suggest that there may be variations in metabolic rates among the three geographic populations, possibly linked to differences in food availability and sources in different trenches, ultimately resulting in different survival strategies in A. gigantea populations within distinct trenches. Compared with the Mariana Trench, the New Britain Trench has a richer organic matter input, and it is speculated that the A. gigantea Mariana Trench population may adopt a lower metabolic rate to cope with the harsher environment of nutrient deficiency.

Brown trout in Oder estuary tributaries: genetic structure, stocking, and admixture.

Several rivers that are tributaries of the Oder estuary are inhabited by Salmo trutta L, the most important of which are Ina, Gowienica, and Wołczenica. Both forms of the species, sea trout and resident brown trout, are present. All rivers are traditionally stocked with either sea trout from the neighboring Pomeranian river Rega basin or resident brown trout from various locations. To examine populations in these rivers in terms of genetic structure, genetic diversity, and origin, they were analyzed using 13 microsatellite loci. Relatedness was also assessed for fish stocked in the same year. The obtained genotypes were compared with breeding stocks used for stocking in Poland. The analyses revealed a significant genetic distance between adult individuals from Ina and Rega Rivers and fish caught during electrofishing. Strong kinship relationships were identified in the sampled areas, with high proportions of fish originating from stocking and their dominance in numbers over wild juveniles, primarily in smaller tributaries. Additionally, clear separation in the origin of stocked individuals was observed. Adult trout from Ina and Rega are genetically closer to northern brown trout lineages, providing crucial information for the management and biodiversity conservation of Polish Salmo trutta populations.

In the shadow of the tree: The diagrammatics of relatedness in genealogy, anthropology, and genetics as epistemic, cultural, and political practice.

The preferred tool for conceptualizing, determining, and claiming relations of kinship, ancestry, and descent among humans are diagrams. For this reason, and at the same time to avoid a reduction to biology as transported by terms such as kinship, ancestry, and descent, we introduce the expression diagrammatics of relatedness. We seek to understand the enormous influence that especially tree diagrams have had as a way to express and engage with human relatedness, but hold that this success can only be adequately understood by attending to what in fact are broader diagrammatic practices. These practices bring to light that diagrams of relatedness do not simply make visible natural connections, but create or deny relations in particular ways and for particular reasons. In this special section, contributors investigate diagrams of relatedness in genealogy, heredity, as well as biological and social anthropology. Conceiving of diagrams as techniques that transcend such binaries as 'thought and action' and 'image and text', we aim at an understanding of how they were constructed and how they functioned in particular epistemic, cultural, and political contexts.

The Effect of Hungarian Kin-State Politics on the Economic Life of Transcarpathia, Ukraine: A Snapshot of the Beregszász District between 2017 and 2020

Abstract Due to the frequent changes in ruling powers and shifting borders, in addition to the geopolitical situation of the region, Transcarpathia, the westernmost county of Ukraine, constitutes an especially suitable site for examining transnational ethnic kinship relations. The main aim of the present article is to shed light on the correlation between social-ethnic interactions and economic efficiency, paying special attention to the role of informal and formal ethnic relations in the activities of business actors and in their access to certain resources. The article analyzes how these processes have been influenced by Hungary’s kin-state politics. The research is based mainly on semi-structured interviews conducted with local Transcarpathian Hungarian and Ukrainian entrepreneurs as well as with the representatives of business organizations related to the given community and experts in the field. The investigation found that among Transcarpathian Hungarian entrepreneurs the role of formal ethnic relations has strengthened due to the financial support provided by Hungary, which was not the case for entrepreneurs belonging to the majority population. The extensive assistance by Hungary has given Hungarian entrepreneurs an advantage in accessing resources, which has caused some tension between Hungarian and Ukrainian entrepreneurs in Transcarpathia.

ANALISIS PENERAPAN SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN FAMILISME DI PEDESAAN

This article explains the politics of familism in Indonesia, especially in the regions and tries to answer the question of how familism is formed and what its implications are for village development. The method used is qualitative-descriptive which is analyzed using familism theory. This article concludes that although kinship relations are quite strong in the village government structure, their impact on village development is not good, as evidenced by slow services and unrealized development as well as the existence of village officials who abuse their position in serving the community to take action. take care of administration such as personal data. and implementing a system that is in accordance with village apparatus regulations, not an appropriate system, especially regarding the use of village funds. The point is that kinship politics is not positive and in any case will always give rise to prolonged polemics and hinder other communities that have potential.

Hubungan Kekerabatan Tanaman Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) di Kabupaten Bengkayang Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Scott) is a plant classified as a tuber derived from the genus Colocasia and belongs to the Araceae tribe. Analysis of kinship relationships can be done by observing morphological characters. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between taro plants in Bengkayang Regency based on morphological characters. This research was conducted from April to June 2023. Taking 30 samples in 6 sub-districts using purposive sampling method. Analysis of kinship relationships using the NTSys program with the UPGMA method. The results showed that 30 taro accessions had a similarity coefficient value of 0.52-0.93 or 52-93%. The results of kinship relationship analysis obtained 4 clusters at a similarity coefficient value of 0.60 or 60%. The results of morphological characterization based on qualitative and quantitative characters show that taro accessions have diversity in leaf and cormus characters of taro, especially in color characters.

Karakter Kuantitatif dan Hubungan Kekerabatan Genotipe Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Beras Merah dan Beras Hitam yang Ditanam secara Gogo

This study aims to determine the appearance of quantitative characters and kinship relationships of the genotype of red rice and black rice grown in gogo. The research was conducted in February – May 2024 on a medium plain land with an altitude of 370 meters above sea level, in Tampak Siring Village, Central Lombok, NTB. The materials used were 21 rice genotypes consisting of 11 red rice strains, 4 black rice strains, 2 red rice elders, 2 black rice elders and 2 comparison varieties (Inpago Unram I and IR64). The analysis used is the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the Group Random Design (GRD) model with a real level of 5%, if there are real different characters, then the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) will be continued at a real level of 5%. Cluster analysis was carried out based on the average value of quantitative characters using the euclidean distance method using the R-Studio program. The results of the study showed that between strains all characters had different appearances except for the number of non-productive saplings. G-2 strain; G-6; and G-18 had the same results as Inpago Unram I. Kinship analysis conducted based on the average value of quantitative characters obtained four clusters, namely cluster I G-21, G-9, G-20, G-11, G-17; cluster II G-19, G-2, G-18, G-6, G-7; cluster III G-1, G-5, G-8, G10, G-3, G-4, G-16; and cluster IV G-12, G-15, G-13, G-14.

Meningkatkan Kerukunan Warga NU di Parengan Dengan Konsep Tasamuh Ahlussunnah Wal Jama’ah An-Nahdliyah

Tasamuh is an important attitude to apply in social life because it can minimize conflict and thus create a harmonious society. The aim of this research is to describe the phenomenon of implementing the concept of Tasamuh Ahlussunnah Wal Jama'ah An-Nahdliyah in increasing harmony in the NU community in Parengan Village and to describe the supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This research uses a qualitative approach and is included in the type of field research. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation methods. The results of this research show that: 1) The implementation of the Tasamuh concept in Parengan Village is that the community has carried out its obligations and has accepted its rights well, accepts all existing differences, understands each other, gives freedom to others, needs to increase equality, namely treating people others equally without discrimination, and need to increase cooperation. 2) Supporting factors in implementing the values ​​of Tasamuh Aswaja An-Nahdliyah in Parengan Village are that religious leaders carry out their roles well, family and kinship relationships in the community are well established, and good cooperation in the community. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is that the village government has not carried out its role optimally, especially in the field of cooperation.

Adoptarunt et levarunt: Godparents of Illegitimate Children in the 18th Century Vilnius Deanery

This article explores a previously uninvestigated topic: the role of godparents for illegitimate children in the 18th century Vilnius deanery. The research is based on analysing baptism records from parishes within the Vilnius deanery during this period. The study delves into the selection of godparents for illegitimate children, investigating such factors as the number of godparents present at the baptism and whether they acted as spiritual guardians for multiple illegitimate children. Additionally, it examines the social status of the godparents, analyzing surnames, social standing, and place of residence to determine possible kinship, social, and territorial relations with the parents. Furthemore, the paper explores whether relationships between godparents and illegitimate children extended beyond the formal baptism ceremony.

Identification of Bacterial Diversity in the Magot Digestive System based on 16S rRNA Gene Analysis

The use of feed ingredients has not been addressed until now, in the sense that competition between food and feed is still continuing, especially protein source feed, thus causing a dilemma for farmers.Therefore, in connection with the steps that will be taken in efforts to health livestock and fish farming that will be carried out, efforts are needed in preventing bacterial-based diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of all bacteria, both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria found in the magot digestive system using 16S rRNA gene analysis. The results of this study will be a scientific reference for the development of maggot asasafe, effective, and efficient alternative to animal feed.Based on the results of the studies obtained, it can be concluded that the bacteria contained in the digestion of maggots show a diversity of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, with the form of bacil and cocobacil. Inaddition, DNA extraction and ba cterial identification have also been carried out using the PCR method. The results of the sequencing of the seven bacterial isolates of magot digestive origin showed gooddendograms and nucleotide sequences, so the next stage was bioinformatics analysis and phylogenetic construction, to identify species and their kinship relationships between species.