Kinship Relations Research Articles

The Intersection of Religion and Pancasila in Dalihan Na Tolu

Humans' characteristics as social beings and God-created creatures are shaped by culture's past.) As long as there is life, culture will never disappear. Genoside occurs when the state commits ethnic massacres, inter-ethnic conflicts, inter-religious conflicts, and so forth. The diverse South Tapanuli community is relatively active, and kinship relationships are highly mobile. Descriptive qualitative research is used in this study. In order to keep the dalihan na tolu community strong and united, some disputes should go through mediation instead of the courts. The authority to control the land over communal land rights belonged to indigenous people in the ulayat lands of the Harahap, Siregar, and other clans, such as the Dalimunthe, Daulay in Angkola. If the land is not used, it will once again be a communal right that is protected by the Angkola Batak indigenous people's village heads and/or customary holders. The act of selling and buying rights causes these activities to become deviant.In order to strengthen indigenous peoples and ulayat lands in the future, cooperation is required. In order to keep the dalihan na tolu community strong and united, some disputes should go through mediation instead of the courts.

Making kinship away from home: chronic disease and the Pakistani diaspora in the US

The article considers several generations of Pakistani immigrants from Karachi to various cities in the United States such as Chicago and New York and explores how chronic diseases are shaped by the reverberations of conflict in kin relations in the US and Pakistan. Instead of examining the experience of chronic illness in isolation, the article considers how webs of evolving relations, tensions, competition, and conflicts among distant and close kin are experienced by the vulnerable and those who try to care for them. These conflicts are shaped by the experience of absence and also in the lives of intimate kin, and often appear in violent form. In navigating these relations, caregivers of those with illnesses develop strategies to maintain communications with wider kinship networks while also shielding the sick from the ramifications of ongoing disputes.

Morphological and molecular characters of Lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru) from Tanjung Luar Waters, East Lombok

Lemuru fish from the Clupeidae family in various countries have many similarities that are difficult to distinguish between one species and another. This study aims to determine the morphological and molecular characteristics, genetic diversity, and kinship of lemuru fish in Tanjung Luar waters with lemuru fish species in countries. The molecular feature of lemuru fish used in this study was a marker for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene. The lemuru fish sample used in this study was lemuru caught in the waters of Tanjung Luar by small-scale fishermen. Lemuru fish sampling method using random, totaling 100 individuals. Firstly, the lemuru fish samples were grouped based on morphological characters. Next, segregation and augmentation of the CO1 gene DNA in five lemuru fish samples using a pair of primers. The amplification of DNA about 700 bp in size was sequenced. CO1 gene sequence data of lemuru samples were analyzed using MEGA 11 Software (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) Version 11. The phylogenetic relationships obtained showed that the lemuru samples from Tanjung Luar waters, East Lombok, is in the same clade as Sardinella Jussieu from Malaysia and has a very close kinship relationship.

Idealist Individualism or Indigenous Cosmology; Finding Entanglement across Species and Strata

Science and technology have been associated with modern Enlightenment, in a manner that elevated the rational mind over emotions and the body, a separation of the subjective mind from the object of observation, universal categories, objective observation, and linear causality. These assumptions, consolidated by Descartes and then Kant, have underpinned the philosophies of science, economics, policy, and political theory. They have shaped the modern world and enabled corporate freedom to exploit all ‘resources’ in the name of consumerism and global trade. Idealism has alienated subjective rationality from an idealised universal created world. In contrast, ancient indigenous ways of knowing are emerging as better exemplars of the interrelationship between individuals, communities, and organic and anorganic life forms. Celtic shapeshifters and praise poems forge an interwoven dance of geology, weather, plants, animals, and humanity with wisdom and politics. The Māori concept of whakapapa is the kin relations of everything, tied into complex claves as a taxonomy of familial ties. Animism was understood as pagan misidentification by modernity, but if the alienation set out by modern linear physics is severed, then the intra and inter-relationship of strata, atmosphere, ocean, and species are better relayed by indigenous philosophy than by outdated, colonial, modern assumptions. Celtic and Māori pantheism show us how entangled we are, and how special relationships are in place that last across generations.

Forgone, Not Forgotten: “DNA Fingerprinting,” Migration Control and Britain’s DNA Profiling Pilot Project

DNA profiling has become a culturally ubiquitous technology. Its use, whether in forensic investigations, genetic databases, biomedical research, international border-making, or popular genealogy, has been familiarized through political debates, media and cultural representations and commercialization. DNA profiling has also attracted considerable scholarly attention across this terrain. However, scant attention has been paid to the key role played by legal migration in driving DNA profiling’s initial translation from lab bench discovery to “truth machine” and identity token. Here, I discuss the first state-sponsored use of DNA profiling as a tool for establishing kinship relations among legal but racialized migrants on Britain’s borders in the mid-1980s. I argue that this early “experiment” conditioned the commercialization and future uses of the technology at and beyond border zones. Reinstating migration as the origin context for DNA profiling, and retracing the postcolonial routes by which it entered the biopolitical sphere, sheds light on the conjoined naturalization and racialization of genetic technologies of identity and identification, whether at or beyond national borders.

Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Kedudukan Anak Luar Kawin Di Wilayah Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1A Bengkulu Dan Dinas Kependudukan Dan Catatan Sipil Kota Bengkulu

The decision of the Constitutional Court Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 regarding the legal status of children out of wedlock, decided that: Children born out of wedlock only have a civil relationship with their mother and their mother's family as well as with a man as their father which can be proven based on science. and technology and/or other evidence according to the law having a civil relationship, including a civil relationship with his father's family, has raised pros and cons not only among the public, but also among law enforcement and the Indonesian Ulema Council. This study aims to determine and analyze (1) the implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 concerning the Position of Out-of-Marriage Children in the Class 1A Bengkulu Religious Court Area and the Bengkulu City Population and Civil Registry Office, (2) legal consequences of Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 concerning the position of children out of wedlock to the rights of children out of wedlock, and the opinion of the Judge of the Bengkulu Class 1A Religion Court. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 concerning the position of children out of wedlock. The research method was carried out empirically and normatively. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by means of direct interviews with parties related to handling the problem of the object of research, while secondary data was obtained by means of library research. The results of the research are expected to serve as input for decision makers and society in general. Field results show that until now there has never been an application for determination of the position of a child out of wedlock in the area of the Religious Court Class 1A Bengkulu, and if there is an application for the determination of a child out of wedlock, an examination and proof will be carried out regarding the origin of the child, while for the Department of Population and Records The Bengkulu City Civil Service is only for disfiguring and administering the child status determination which has been determined by the Bengkulu Class 1A Religious Court. The legal consequences of Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 concerning the position of illegitimate children with respect to the rights of children born out of wedlock only have a civil relationship with their mother and biological father and the families of their father and mother, but only have a kinship relationship with their mother and with their mother's family, while to his biological father and his father's family, the child is not related by lineage. The opinion of the Indonesian Ulema Council of Bengkulu City is in line with the opinion of the Indonesian Ulema Council which issued a fatwa that the Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 Regarding the Position of Children Out of wedlock to the rights of children out of wedlock that children resulting from adultery do not have nasab, marriage guardian, inheritance, and nafaqah relationships with men resulting in their birth. Children resulting from adultery only have kinship, inheritance, and nafaqah relationships with their mothers and their mother's family

Family and Kinship Relations Among Van Kyrgyz

The folk traditions and family ties among the Van Kyrgyz, who settled from the Pamir region of Afghanistan in the Eastern part of Turkey, are considered. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the Kyrgyz traditions and customs have been preserved after 40 years of living in Turkey after the resettlement of the Kyrgyz from their homeland of the Pamirs. The novelty of the study lies in the appeal to previously unpublished in Russia studies of Turkish scientists who wrote about the history of the Van Kyrgyz, as well as to ethnographic data that the author collected over 5 years. It is noted that the Van Kyrgyz throughout their history, before settling in Turkey, were influenced by the culture of many other neighboring peoples. The reasons are indicated, among which are the constant nomadic lifestyle and close relations with the Kashkar Uighurs, contact with the culture of local Tajik and Afghan tribes in the Pamirs, life in Pakistan, etc. The impact of migration on the culture of the Van Kyrgyz and the preservation of national values is analyzed. The similarity of the traditions of the Kyrgyz of modern Kyrgyzstan and the Van Kyrgyz is being studied.

Dyadic relationship, carer role, and resources: a theory-driven thematic analysis of interviews with informal carers focusing on the stability of home-based care arrangements for people living with dementia

BackgroundMost people with dementia live at home and are supported by informal carers. During the care trajectory, the creation of a stable care situation is a guiding principle of informal carers, who often manage complex care arrangements. A recently developed theory – ‘Stability of home-based care arrangements for people living with dementia' (SoCA-Dem) – conceptualises how such care arrangements develop over time, and it highlights the relevance of the dyadic relationship, carer role, and resources with regard to the continuation of home-based care throughout the course of dementia. To further explore these three concepts, and to provide feedback for a further refinement of SoCA-Dem theory, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of (1) how informal carers perceive their dyadic relationship, their carer role, and the resources of the care arrangement, and (2) how these concepts are interrelated.MethodsThis study was a secondary data analysis of n = 11 problem-centred interviews. Data were interpreted by a thematic qualitative text analysis.ResultsThe findings distinguished subthemes within the concepts and uncovered their interrelations. The kinship relation, living situation and character of the dyadic relationship shaped informal carers’ self-conception of the carer role. This influenced the integration of resources into the care arrangement. Conversely, the quantity and quality of informal and formal support resulted in a feeling of relief or overload in the carer role, that shaped the informal carers’ way of living their dyadic relationship. The respective forming of the concepts had a significant impact with regard to the perceived stability or instability of the care situation in the examined care arrangements.ConclusionsThis study provided valuable evidence for future research alignment and targeted refinement of the SoCA-Dem theory. Scholars should further explore the specifics of spousal versus parent–child-dyads to better understand the dyads' diverse strategies in the creation of stable home-based care arrangements. Furthermore, future research should focus on the complex dynamics of dyads, family networks, and service providers, and all actors’ perspectives should be integrated in SoCA-Dem theory. Based on this growing knowledge base, innovative care interventions and structures should be developed to support people with dementia and their informal carers in better living and caring in the place of their choice.

Kekerabatan merpati hias (Columba livia) dilihat dari profil protein darah

Objective: The purpose of this study was to predict the kinship of ornamental pigeons based on blood proteins. Methods: The research method used is exploratory descriptive with a laboratory observation-based approach. Research procedures include: Blood Sampling, Blood Protein Isolation, Purification, Measurement of concentration with a nanodrop spectrophotometer and Electrophoresis. Data analysis includes: Protein Band Profile and Determination of Protein Molecular Weight with RF formula and Relationship with MVSP version 3.22 program. Results : The protein profile in the plasma of ornamental pigeons is different from one type of pigeon to another. some of the protein appears in the ornamental pigeon species but does not appear in other breeds. Likewise with the target protein to be analyzed, some are expressed and some are not expressed in ornamental pigeons. Results based on the analysis of protein profiles and dendograms of the four specific proteins (hemoglobin, transferrin, posttransferrin, and immunoglobulin) contained in erythrocytes and blood plasma, it can be seen that there are two clusters. Cluster 1 is occupied by varieties of ornamental pigeons Moven and cluster 2 is occupied by varieties of ornamental pigeons Lahore, American fantail, Vienna, Indian Fantail, King, Capucine, Gondok and Modena. Conclusions: The results of the ornamental pigeon kinship prediction based on blood protein showed that each variety had different kinship relationships. King, Capucine, Gondok and Modena pigeons have the closest relationship, and Moven pigeons have the most distant relationship from the researched ornamental pigeons.

Features of the legal regulation of the adoption of children by foreigners according to the family legislation of foreign countries

In the scientific article, the author conducted a scientific study of the foreign experience of legal regulation of the adoption of children by foreigners, primarily according to the legislation of the European Union states and states adjacent to Ukraine. Based on the conducted research, the author came to the conclusion that in the practice of states adjacent to Ukraine and states members of the European Union, there are three approaches to determining the procedure for adopting children by foreign citizens: through the definition of a national regime for foreigners, similar to that which exists for citizens of the relevant state (Latvia); through the determination of conflicts of laws with respect to the law applicable to adoption, which are defined in civil codes (Germany, France, Czech Republic) or separate laws on international private law (Spain, Switzerland); due to the establishment of a separate procedure for adoption (Bulgaria, Belarus, Moldova, Ireland) or an exceptional case of adoption of a child by foreigners using the same procedure for adoption, as with national adoption (Poland, Hungary). In the latter case, the possibility of international adoption is provided, if the child, after being transferred to a foster family, was not adopted in the state of his/her citizenship, because the measures taken to adopt the child were not successful, moreover, in Poland, exceptions to this rule are provided when there is a kinship relationship between the adopter and the adopted child or if the adopter has already adopted a brother or sister of the child being adopted. In the Republic of Bulgaria, foreigners wishing to adopt a child must obtain a permit for international adoption from the Minister of Justice, in the Republic of Belarus - in addition to the written permission for adoption from the Minister of Education, it is also necessary to obtain the child's consent for adoption, the child's stay in the relevant register for a year and the absence of an initiative by citizens of Belarus to adopt a child. In the case of international adoption of citizens of the Republic of Moldova, the ethnic origin of the child, his/her belonging to a certain culture, religion, language and other features that deserve attention must be taken into account; persons wishing to adopt a child must submit a special application - for international adoption, to the Ministry of Health, of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Moldova and the Department of Social Security and Protection of Family Rights as territorial guardianship bodies carry out preliminary and final selection of foreigners who wish to adopt a child who is a citizen of the Republic of Moldova.

Genetic Diversity of Trichoderma harzianum Isolates in Sunflower Rhizosphere: The Application of the URP Molecular Marker

The genetic diversity of 77 Trichoderma harzianum isolates collected from sunflower rhizosphere soils in Urmia, Khoy, and Salmas in West Azerbaijan province, Iran, was evaluated by using the Universal Rice Primer (URP) molecular marker. The DNA band pattern of the isolates was developed using seven primers of this marker. These primers produced 186 gene loci, out of which 182 loci were polymorphic. Accordingly, the genetic diversity of the isolates was calculated, and their kinship relations were determined by cluster analysis using the NTSYS software package. URP-6R had the highest marker index among the studied primers, followed by URP-1F, URP-4R, and URP-25F, implying their higher efficiency in discriminating between the isolates. The results showed that the URP marker could discriminate between isolates using macroscopic morphological characteristics, such as color and colony type, potential of pigment production in the culture medium, and colony growth rate. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between the geographical distribution of the isolates and the band patterns generated by the primers except for a few cases. The results generally revealed that the URP marker was an efficient tool for determining the genetic diversity of T. harzianum.

De dochter doet een powernap

Abstract While kinship relations in Dutch are usually introduced by a possessive determiner, Twitter users have recently been observed to use a definite article in that position. To learn more about the characteristics of this construction, we performed an exploratory investigation of the definite article possession construction with Dutch kinship terms on Twitter. We analysed 100 tweets for 24 kinship terms each, and annotated for the type of pre-nominal modifier used. Results show that the phenomenon is far from peripheral, as 13.2% of all selected tweets featured a definite article. The construction was most frequent with descending and horizontal relationship terms, and with improper kin terms (i.e. terms with a non-kin meaning at least as prominent as kinship use; Dahl & Koptsjevkaja-Tamm 2001: 202). These findings were explained by pointing to redundancy and the comical effect of distancing the construction creates.

PELAKSANAAN PENGANGKATAN ANAK YANG MENYEBABKAN PEMUTUSAN HUBUNGAN NASAB DENGAN ORANG TUA KANDUNG DITINJAU DARI PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 54 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PELAKSANAAN PENGANGKATAN ANAK (STUDI DI DESA TANJUNG MEDAN, KABUPATEN LABUHAN BATU SELATAN)

Adoption of a child is the transfer of a child from biological parents to adoptive parents, where the responsibility of the biological parents also shifts to the person who adopted him. However, there are discrepancies in the adoption process as happened in the Tanjung Medan Village area, South Labuhanbatu Regency, in this case there are people who adopt as many as 14 families, there are 5 families who take action to terminate the kinship relationship between the child's biological parents. with his son. This is of course not in accordance with Government Regulation Number 54 of 2007 concerning the Implementation of Child Adoption. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the process of implementing child adoption in Tanjung Medan Village, South Labuhanbatu Regency was in accordance with PP Number 54 of 2007, to determine the cause of the termination of kinship relations with biological parents during the adoption process that occurred in Tanjung Medan Village, Kabupaten Tanjung Medan. Labuhanbatu Selatan, and to find out that the legal protection for adopted children is not in accordance with the adoption process as regulated in PP number 54 of 2007. This research method uses a normative juridical approach and an empirical juridical approach. The data used are primary data and secondary data. All data were analyzed by qualitative data analysis method. Based on research, the implementation of child adoption in Tanjung Medan Village is currently not in accordance with Government Regulation Number 54 of 2007 concerning the Implementation of Child Adoption, therefore there is a need for cooperation between the village head and parents who want to adopt children to be given counseling about the implementation adoption of children in accordance with statutory regulations.

LEXICOSTATISTICS OF MALAY AND MALAGASY LANGUAGES: COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL LINGUISTIC STUDY

This study examines the kinship of the Malay language and the Malagasy language. These two languages come from the same proto language, namely Proto Austronesian (PAN). Departing from the researchers’ assumptions about the linguistic relationship both at the phoneme and morpheme levels, there is a close kinship system or relationship between these two languages. Even though they are geographically and geo-politically separated, preliminary research on these two languages shows several universal features, one of which is that both languages are agglutinative languages. Therefore, this study is an attempt to find empirical evidence about the separation time between Malay and Malagasy by using language grouping methods and lexicostatistical techniques. The first stage, the researchers collect 300 basic vocabularies compiled by Swadesh (1995). The method used in providing the data is the referential method, while the technique used is the note-taking technique. Second, the researchers determine which pairs of the two languages are cognate languages. Third, the researchers calculate the age and separation time of the two languages. Fourth, the researchers calculate the error term to determine a more precise separation time. The result of this research indicates that Malay and Malagasy were a single language at 4223-3951 thousand years ago and began to separate from their proto languages in 2201-1929 BC.

Marsyas of Pella and Phrygia

There is a lot of uncertainty about the attribution of fragments to either Marsyas of Pella or Marsyas of Philippi. This paper challenges the traditional attribution of BNJ 135–136 F 4 (mentioning Midas’chariot with the Gordian knot) to Marsyas of Philippi and argues in favor of the identification of Marsyas of Pella as the author. For ideological and propagandistic reasons, it would fit well into Marysas of Pella’s account of the roots of Argead rule in his first book. By referring to Midas, Marsyas would have been able to link his half-brother Antigonus as the contemporary governor of Phrygia not only with the legendary Phrygian king and his legacy, but also with a Macedonian logos attested by Herodotus, creating a connection between Midas and the foundation of Argead rule. According to this logos, there existed old kinship relations between Macedonians and Phrygians who used to dwell at the foot of Mt. Bermium and were called Briges. This tradition was of propagandistic value and could have served to increase the ideological value of Antigonus’satrapy and main base in the rivalry with the other Diadochs.

Plant Use Adaptation in Pamir: Sarikoli Foraging in the Wakhan Area, Northern Pakistan.

Simple SummaryIn this cross-cultural ethnobotanical study, the food uses of wild food plants (WFPs) were recorded among two linguistic groups, i.e., the Sarikoli and the Wakhi people, living in the Broghil Valley of North Pakistan. A total of 29 wild food taxa were recorded. We found that the local knowledge linked to wild food plants has been completely homogenized, indicating that the Sarikoli, a cultural diaspora, have gradually adopted the traditional food system of the Wakhi. Moreover, the local knowledge of WFPs is gradually eroding in the two considered communities due to certain socio-political factors. In particular, legal sanctions on accessing natural resources and cross-border movement at the Pakistan–Afghan border are major issues that hinder socio-cultural sustainability among the two groups. Therefore, it is recommended that the legal restrictions be properly revised, and an inclusive policy should be adopted in this regard. In addition, local knowledge on food resources should be reinforced in future development and educational programs.The study recorded the food uses of wild food plants (WFPs) among the Sarikoli diaspora and the dominant Wakhi in Broghil Valley, North Pakistan, to understand their food adaptation, mainly by looking through the lens of food ethnobotanies. A total of 30 participants took part in the study, which included 15 elderly individuals from each ethnic group. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews. We recorded 29 WFPs, mostly used as cooked vegetables and snacks. The food uses, as well as the local plant nomenclatures, linked to WFPs of the two studied groups were completely homogenized, which could be attributed to the cultural assimilation of the Sarikoli people to Wakhi culture. We found that although traditional knowledge on WFPs has been homogenized, social change in nearby regions is also threatening the traditional knowledge of the two communities, as evidenced by the smaller number of plants reported compared to that of all other field ethnobotanical studies conducted in nearby regions. Moreover, the growth of legal restrictions and sanctions on accessing natural resources are posing serious challenges to cultural resilience in the valley, and the restrictions on cross-border movement in particular are creating challenges for those who have cross-border kinship relationships between the two groups. We suggest specific measures, such as the promotion of food tourism and educational activities, to protect traditional knowledge and bicultural heritage from further erosion in the region.

Nominal classification in Mabia languages of West Africa

The literature on the nominal classification system of Mabia languages reveals a consistent pattern where nominals are often classified based on their morphology, phonology and semantics. What has not received mention is the role of ethnolinguistics and linguistic anthropology in the classification of nominals in these languages. This study offers a comparative analysis of the nominal class systems of three Mabia languages: Dagbani, Kusaal and Mampruli. The main purpose is to examine the role of semantics from the angles of both ethnolinguistics and linguistic anthropology in the nominal classification system of these languages. The hypothesis is that the morphophonology of nominal classes in these languages is triggered by a shared semantic network and pragmatic association of member elements influenced by the beliefs, traditions and world views of speakers of these languages. The sameness or near sameness of beliefs, and world views of these people explains the observation of identical items from all the languages in specific groups. Nouns in the various categories behave the same morphologically, phonologically and semantically. Nouns are classified under 5 concepts: Human-beings and kin relationship, spirituality, protection, shape and Non-count nouns. This work is entirely qualitative.

Implementation Of the Waihawa Community Traditional Marriage Service from Social Cultural Aspects in Waihawa Village

Traditional marriage is actually a bond between men and women who are united through traditional marriage rituals by going through various stages in the custom, as a legal customary marriage process between husband and wife. Customary marriage is not only a bond between husband and wife, but involves the entire extended family of both parties, relatives and tribes or clans who are part of the members of the couple legalized in the customary marriage. Through traditional marriages, kinship and kinship relations are increasing and increasingly displaying a social relationship that creates a familial bond between the two parties. This kinship and kinship relationship is a sign that customary marriage is not only legalizing husband and wife but more than that, embracing the big family and the relationships in the social life of the community become full of brotherly bonds with each other. With traditional marriages that are structured in an area, it is proof that the community is able to maintain and preserve the value of the traditional marriage in social life and is able to provide education to the community and the younger generation to maintain the elements and values ??contained in the traditional marriage. In the midst of increasingly rapid developments, the role of indigenous peoples has become more active in maintaining the nobility of these customary values. Therefore, the participation of all parties in social groups is important because without the involvement of all parties from within the family, community, tribal/clan members, local government and customary stakeholder institutions as well as society in general in social groups, so that cultural heritage cannot be lost. only belongs to individuals but belongs to all people in social groups, because it is a sign and identity of every community in social life.

Historical and social forces in the Iridescent Life Course: key life events and experiences of transgender older adults

AbstractThe lives of transgender older adults are rarely examined, and little is known about the critical life events and experiences of this population. Informed by the Iridescent Life Course, this study investigates how intersectionality, fluidity, context and power impact the life events and experiences of trans older adults by generation and gender. Utilising 2014 data from the National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study: Aging with Pride (National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging funded), a national sample of LGBTQ+ individuals 50 years and older, living in the United States of America, were analysed to examine life events of 205 transgender older adults, including identity development, work, bias, kin relationships, social and community engagement, health and wellbeing. Ordinary least-squares regressions and logistics regressions are used to compare the life events between the generations then test the interaction effect of gender. Pride Generation more openly disclose their identities and are more likely to be employed and married compared to the Silenced Generation, who have more military service, higher rates of retirement, fewer same-sex marriages and more different-sex marriages. Invisible Generation, the oldest group, are more likely retired, have more children and are more likely engaged in the community compared to the Silenced Generation, who experienced more discrimination. Applying the Iridescent Life Course is instrumental in understanding older trans adults' lives through intersecting identities of both generation and gender. These insights have the potential to create a greater appreciation of how historical events shape differing generations of transgender people, creating an opportunity to link generations together.

Process of Japanese macaque group fission at Arashiyama and the influences of maternal kin relations and social relations between adult males and females on it.

In 1986, the Japanese macaques of Arashiyama B group fissioned into Arashiyama E and F groups through the following process. In December 1985, the death of the beta male triggered aggressive interactions among the adult males of B group, leading to a decline in the ranks of two mid-ranked males. Several females started to gather around these two males, formed a stable subgroup (here called the female cluster), and spatially distanced themselves from other group members (main group). Some of these females had mating relations with these two males in previous mating seasons. After the end of the 1985-86 mating season, agonistic interactions occurred frequently between the female cluster and main group. Eventually, two independent groups were established. The females within the 4th degrees of matrilineal consanguinity tended to belong to the same group, but no such tendency occurred in those dyads separated by the 5th or more degrees. After the completion of group fission, mating occurred only a few times between E and F group members. In 1986, when the group fission was in progress, the birth rate of both branch groups declined, and infant mortality increased in E group. After 1987, the birth rate recovered in both branch groups although infant mortality remained high.