Kinship Relations Research Articles

Social Consequence of Inter-caste Marriage: A Case Study of Itahari, Sunsari

Marriage is typically understood to be a sexual and financial relationship that is socially accepted, considered to be more or less permanent, and that implies rights and obligations for the married couple and any children they may have. The Eastern Development Region's urban area serves as the basis for this study. For this study, a total of 30 couples were purposefully chosen as respondents. Eight couples were asked to participate in a thorough study using the case study technique in order to obtain qualitative information about inter-caste marriage and its effects on the personal, professional, and social lives of couples. My research has demonstrated that non-Dalit families are more likely to accept a son-in-law than a daughter-in-law. Because of the family's weak familial network, exposure to the outside world, and the presence of power and status in a very important family, which could overshadow the violation of societal standards? Non-Dalit women who were not able to visit their birth homes on special events like Teej, Bhaitika, and Dasahin felt a loss of kinship relationship because hypogamous marriages are not approved by the natal family.

“Then the Nettle People Won’t Be Lonely”: Recognizing the Personhood of Plants in an Indigenous STEAM Summer Program

In this paper, we explore the ways that a STEAM-focused summer program for Indigenous youth supported learning in accordance with Indigenous axiologies (what we value esthetically or morally), ontologies (what we believe to be real and how we enact those beliefs), and epistemologies (what we know and how we know it) or AOE. Part of these AOEs include enacting kin relationships through recognizing the personhood of more-than-human beings. We posit that (1) our socio-cultural, political, and ethical orientations regarding human-nature relations affect our behaviors and that (2) shifting the way we view nature (e.g., recognizing plant personhood) may be a powerful contributor to more equitable climate futures. We present a case study of the relationship between a human child, Talon, and a plant called Stinging Nettle. We specifically move to answer: Did the program design support engagement in the recognition of plant personhood? If so, in what ways? The paper describes six dimensions of recognizing plant personhood. Findings illustrate how the program design resulted in the development of a strong human-plant relationship. We discuss implications for STEM and climate change education in supporting ecologically sustainable living and decision-making.

Development of the social capital of street vendors in maintaining their existence on land owned by the Ministry of Home Affairs

The purpose of this study is to describe the social capital development of street vendors on land belonging to the Ministry of Home Affairs in Pondok Labu Village as an effort to maintain their existence. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 21 informants who were determined purposively. The results of the study found that on the social capital bonding side, which was based on ethnicity and type of business on the same land, it was found that development began with the existence of kinship relations that invited each other among the families and continued business activities that had existed before and efforts to maintain social relations were carried out by sharing information about market activities and sharing assistance. On the bridging social capital side, seen from the differences in ethnicity, type of business, and relationships among traders outside the surrounding location, it was found that the initial relationship was formed through interaction by communicating with each other and various contacts to meet customer needs as well as efforts to strengthen socially by sharing assistance and coordinating fulfillment the needs of customer requests. While the social capital linking side is seen from the relationship between street vendors and the owner of authority stems from the existence of an authority relationship that creates norms that have been agreed upon and must be obeyed by every street vendor.

Life-course generational placements and health and wellbeing in later life

Abstract Previous research has demonstrated that family transitions, specifically births and deaths of preceding and following generations within families, are associated with individuals' later-life wellbeing and health. However, lifecourse, family systems and role theories suggest that this relationship might be complex because, as individuals age, they can experience multiple such events and their effects might be interconnected. Therefore, this study asks whether and how transitions into and out of multiple intergenerational family roles are associated with later-life wellbeing and health. We account for the occurrence, timing and ordering of the parents' death and the birth of the first child and grandchild. To this end, we use the concept of ‘generational placement trajectories’. They capture the vertical position of individuals in their intergenerational family over age and reflect the changing family roles and kinship reservoir of individuals across their lifecourse. Applying sequence, cluster and regression analyses to data from the German Ageing Survey (N = 3,617), we investigate associations between generational placement trajectories from birth to age 60 and four dimensions of later-life wellbeing and health, namely life satisfaction, depressiveness, functional limitations and physical health problems. Results support, first, the notion of salutary effects of a larger kinship reservoir and multiple social roles in the family and, second, indicate that ‘off-time’ transitions are associated negatively with various later-life wellbeing and health outcomes. Importantly, the effect of temporal deviations from the ‘normative’ family lifecourse might be affected by individual socio-economic differences. We enhance previous research by demonstrating that the occurrence, timing and ordering of transitions into and out of multiple kin relations and family roles across the lifecourse relate to individuals' later-life wellbeing and health.

Easy pair selection method for Kinship Verification using fixed age group images

Kinship Verification (KV) by using facial images is a relevant and challenging research problem in the field of computer vision. Facial features are extracted from the input pair of images and subsequently analyzed to find out existence of kin relation between them. Weights of the training model are suitably learned and adapted for the same. In most of the existing schemes, non kin pairs are randomly generated from the existing kin pair database for the learning process of the model. Since non-kin pairs are formed randomly from the true kin pair database itself, hence there is a significant probability that some non kin pairs have more similarity in feature space which is ideally undesirable and leads to improper learning of the model and results into errors. To reduce such errors, we have proposed a new scheme called easy-pair selection method for KV. Kin and non kin pairs are categorized into easy and hard pairs based on sum of square distance with respect to the feature space of the pairs. Suitable kin-margin (KM) value is chosen to classify the pair as easy or hard. Further, selected easy pairs are used to compute the optimized training weights (W) from the training dataset. The obtained weights will ensure to minimize the distance of kin pairs and maximize the distance of non-kin pairs in feature space. A fixed age group image database (FAG) have also been proposed through this article which contains the corresponding facial images of the parents and their children from the same age group to minimize the issue of age in-variance as well. Extensive experiments have been performed to validate the accuracy of the proposed scheme and is found to outperform the existing relevant schemes for KV.

Tourism, social networks, and community development: a case study of a coastal Vietnamese village

Abstract This article examines how tourism becomes integrated into rural communities and how an isolated Vietnamese community explores and creates employment opportunities through social networks. The empirical investigation is based on a case study of local involvement in tourism employment in Viet Hai, a remote coastal commune. The results of forty in-depth, semi-structured interviews reveal that the involvement of locals in tourism employment is closely associated with the density of individual social networks. Particularly, villagers with dense networks with external tourism operators and stronger kinship relations are more likely to have better access and resources to participate in tourism employment. Our empirical findings also demonstrate that the popularity of social media in remote areas could bring more opportunities to establish and strengthen external relationships and generate more resources for tourism development. Interviews with local people also unveil that tourism can intensify the income gaps among villagers, causing increasing intra-village disparities in living standards. Based on these results, local governments should be more active in connecting local villagers and tour operators. Future research and policy work in tourism and community development would benefit from a more explicit focus on the relationships between social networks and new forms of inequality, kinship ties, agritourism, and more sustainable trajectories of local development.

IDENTIFIKASI KEKERABATAN BAHASA NON-AUSTRONESIA DI WILAYAH PAKAI BAHASA KAO

This research aims to reconstruct non-Austronesian language relationships focus on the languages of the Kao ethnic, Pagu ethnic, Boeng ethnic, and Modole ethnicities in the Kao sub-district, West District, North District, Kao Teluk District and Malifut District. The method used in this research focuses on lexicostatistical methods to find similarities, differences, similarities in linguistic characteristics (shared of linguistics) in related vocabulary in the languages of the Kao ethnicity, Pagu ethnicity, Boeng ethnicity, and Modole ethnicity. The approach in this study uses a comparative historical and qualitative descriptive approach. The results found in this study are (1) the existence of kinship data for non-Austronesian languages in the Kao ethnic, Pagu ethnic, Boeng and Modole ethnic languages, (2) non-Austronesian languages in ethnic Kao, Pagu ethnic, Boeng ethnic have a close relationship compared to Modole ethnic (3) The basic vocabulary patterns of the Kao ethnic, Pagu ethnic, Boeng ethnic, and Modole ethnic form word structures Vowels (V), Vocal-Consonants (VC), Consonants-Vowels (CV), Consonants-Vocals-Consonants (CVC), Consonants-Vocals-Consonants-Consonants (CVCC), and Consonants-Consonants-Vocals (CCV). (4) The proto-kinship languages of the Kao, Pagu, Boeng, and Modole ethnicities have the proto-kinship languages of Kao, Pagu, and short Boeng (PKaoPB), which means that they come from one body, while the language of the Modole ethnic group has a language level of This microphylum that describes the Modole ethnic language has a kinship with the Kao ethnic language, whose tempo of separation is estimated to be 50-75 centuries ago. The conclusions of the study confirmed that the non-Austronesian language families, in this case the languages of the Kao ethnicity, Pagu ethnicity, Boeng ethnicity, and Modole ethnicity, have inter-ethnic kinship relationships that are built on one language family (language family).

IDENTIFIKASI KEKERABATAN BAHASA NON-AUSTRONESIA DI WILAYAH PAKAI BAHASA KAO

This research aims to reconstruct non-Austronesian language relationships focus on the languages of the Kao ethnic, Pagu ethnic, Boeng ethnic, and Modole ethnicities in the Kao sub-district, West District, North District, Kao Teluk District and Malifut District. The method used in this research focuses on lexicostatistical methods to find similarities, differences, similarities in linguistic characteristics (shared of linguistics) in related vocabulary in the languages of the Kao ethnicity, Pagu ethnicity, Boeng ethnicity, and Modole ethnicity. The approach in this study uses a comparative historical and qualitative descriptive approach. The results found in this study are (1) the existence of kinship data for non-Austronesian languages in the Kao ethnic, Pagu ethnic, Boeng and Modole ethnic languages, (2) non-Austronesian languages in ethnic Kao, Pagu ethnic, Boeng ethnic have a close relationship compared to Modole ethnic (3) The basic vocabulary patterns of the Kao ethnic, Pagu ethnic, Boeng ethnic, and Modole ethnic form word structures Vowels (V), Vocal-Consonants (VC), Consonants-Vowels (CV), Consonants-Vocals-Consonants (CVC), Consonants-Vocals-Consonants-Consonants (CVCC), and Consonants-Consonants-Vocals (CCV). (4) The proto-kinship languages of the Kao, Pagu, Boeng, and Modole ethnicities have the proto-kinship languages of Kao, Pagu, and short Boeng (PKaoPB), which means that they come from one body, while the language of the Modole ethnic group has a language level of This microphylum that describes the Modole ethnic language has a kinship with the Kao ethnic language, whose tempo of separation is estimated to be 50-75 centuries ago. The conclusions of the study confirmed that the non-Austronesian language families, in this case the languages of the Kao ethnicity, Pagu ethnicity, Boeng ethnicity, and Modole ethnicity, have inter-ethnic kinship relationships that are built on one language family (language family).

Pacific Island children: The use of maps in helping better understand children's lives

Children's voices have been little heard in the Pacific research. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 asserts the child's right to have a say on matters that affect them and for their views to be considered. There has been massive growth in technologically assisted participative research; however, we argue the value of hand drawn maps should not be underestimated in the rush to engage with more advanced techniques. We present data from 267 neighbourhood maps drawn by children in Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa and New Zealand. To better understand the social construction of knowledge in children's everyday lives, we propose two models to conceptualise the complexity of their world, a social connection and a spatial connection model. These models reveal how Pacific Island children negotiate different levels of social connection from home, family, and community through to transnational kinship relations. People, specifically family, provide the geographic basis on which their spatial encounters are overlaid. Irrespective of country or rural/urban/atoll setting, it is social space that is the strongest connector for children as displayed in their maps. Application of our models can be used to reveal how knowledge is socially constructed in Pacific children's everyday lives.

IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTI-CLASS GRADIENT BOOSTING TO CLASSIFY ANIMAL SPECIES IN ZOOS

Animals are one of the living things that have various types. Grouping types of animals based on similarities and differences in characteristics owned is one of the important activities carried out To make it easier to compare, recognize, study certain types of animals and be able to find out kinship relationships between animals, So if a new type of animal is found that does not yet have a name, it will be easier for us to give a name to the animal based on the type and based on the group. In research on the classification of animal species in zoos that have multi-class, the best classification is obtained by applying gradient boosting parameters with n_estimators of 50, max_depth 3, sub-sample of 1.0, learning rate of 0.1, and using criterion friedman Mse. And by implementing Split validation or division between training data by 80% for training data and 20% for testing data. The results stated that the proposed model was better than some other models that had also been tested with an accuracy value of 93.75%, recal of 94%, precision of 96% and MSE to measure the average magnitude of error in a series of classifications of 12.5%, the smaller the MSE value, the better it would be in classifying.

Home and Away: Drivers and Perceptions of Migration Among Urban Migrants and Their Rural Families in the Lower Mekong River Basin of Cambodia

Cambodian cities continue to experience major growth, due principally to in-country migration. However, the recent trajectory and historical context of urbanisation differs from other Asian countries and as such are less investigated. Using a framework of interconnected migration factors, this article reports on rural-to-urban migration in five provinces around Phnom Penh—from the perspective of both urban migrants and their rural family members. The work examines the economic, environmental, and sociocultural factors influencing migrants’ current and desired movements, changing livelihood activities, and the permanency of migration choices. While there is evidence to support three major theories of migration—income differentials, environmental change, and social networks—it is argued that none of these alone explains current migration patterns. Explanations of Cambodian migration must account for the powerful attraction of home villages and kin relations, as well as the inseparability of two exogenous factors: the proliferation of microfinance (MFI) and the rise of the garment industry. The results show distinct patterns of migration with implications for adaptation, precarity, and rural livelihoods.

Archaeologies of gender, kinship, and mobility in Southeast Brazil: genealogies of Tupiniquim women and the itinerancy of ceramic practices

The Brazilian colonial context led the Tupiniquim, an Indigenous group, and the Portuguese, a colonizing group, from the São Vicente area to connect with two places in Rio de Janeiro. In this scenario emerges the genealogy of two Tupiniquim women of the 16th century from São Vicente, which allowed us to trace six generations of women who formed kinship relationships with Portuguese men. They moved to Rio de Janeiro to create the Cara de Cão fortification and Camorim sugar plantation. They were members of the communities that appropriated and transformed Portuguese coarse ware ceramics into what is now termed Paulistaware. This article shows a new understanding of the social role of Indigenous women and the entry of European men into symmetrical gender relations based on the logic of Tupiniquim social collaboration. Tupiniquim women initially produced Paulistaware before 1550. After 1600 these ceramics were also made and consumed by people from the African diaspora and others from outside, adding decorative elements found in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The intensive analysis of archival data breaks the traditional model of homogenization and Europeanization of historical processes and events, highlighting the itinerancy of practices and mobility of people.

Controversy of Adopted Children Status and Foster Father in the Marriage Process Based on Islamic Law Perspective

This paper seeks to explain the controversy regarding the status of adopted children and adoptive fathers in a marriage procession by using a normative juridical approach, it is concluded that the status and position of adopted children in the Islamic legal system does not break the kinship relationship between the adopted child and his biological parents so that the adoptive father does not become the guardian of his adopted child except through the mandate given by the child's biological parents. This study uses a normative approach and method, conducted by examining theoretical matters concerning Islamic legal norms and positive law. Primary sources are the Koran, hadith, Compilation of Islamic Law, and Marriage Laws. Secondary sources refer to the opinions of experts, as well as references related to the issues raised. The results of this study explain that the validity of the marriage guardian for adopted children is to remain with the lineage guardian if his whereabouts are still known and cannot be replaced by anyone except the lineage guardian is unknown, then the marriage guardian can be replaced by a judge's guardian. However, if in practice the adopted child is not known who the biological parents are, then the adopted daughter's marriage guardian is the adoptive father, or if the adoptive father receives a mandate from the child's biological father, then the marriage is valid as stated by al-Bahuti

Fuel for the Fire: How Emotion Deals with the Social Movement in Hong Kong’s Summer of Dissent

ABSTRACT Adopting a non-divisive strategy regarding the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill (Anti-ELAB) movement transformed Hong Kong’s social movement activities when they began in February 2019. Although issues surrounding the 2019 summer of dissent have been widely documented, the personal stories of the activists have largely gone unnoticed. Drawing on emotion as a conceptual framework in social movement studies, emotion informs two crucial aspects of the movement. First, emotion helps explain how kinship relations were forged between many social activists even though they were biologically unrelated. Second, emotion was operationally manifested in negative and positive expressions. Not only anger, hatred, and despair but also bonding through devotion, camaraderie, and solidarity to form sisterhood and brotherhood. This article presents the personal experiences of 33 young activists through in-depth interviews, two reflecting focus groups, and participant observation. Activists reported a robust collective identity as Hong Kong youth and protested in support of Hong Kong’s core values and democracy rather than stand by and watch passively, indulging themselves in self-centered, materialistic pursuits. Emotion in the Anti-ELAB movement was developed in three ways: 1) demands for justice and the formation of a collective identity; 2) the formation of strong emotional bonds of brotherhood and sisterhood; 3) the emergence of a diffused, leaderless social movement facilitated by technologies. Thus, the activists’ perspectives enrich the discussion on an important yet underdeveloped area regarding the role of emotion in social movement research.

KINSHIP POLITICS IN ELECTORAL POLITICS: A CASE FROM BAUBAU CITY

This research aims to describe and analyze the kinship politics of the Buton community with its patrimonial culture in maintaining political power in Baubau City. The phenomenon of kinship politics in maintaining political power in Baubau City is seen based on the dimensions of mutual agreement and satisfying kin obligations. Then this research uses qualitative methods to answer the formulation of research problems. The result of this research is that mutual agreement was formed from the history of the Buton community which eventually formed a pattern of power based on kinship relations. The pattern of mutual agreement forms a common interest between the Koumu and Walaka groups. Furthermore, in terms of satisfying kin obligations, the practice of kinship politics can be seen because the people of Baubau City still uphold kinship ties and cultural values. Kinship politics in Baubau City is realized in the form of selecting candidates from Koumu and Walaka in the regional head election in Baubau City.

Belonging and Agrarian Labour Exchanges in Zimbabwe: Navigating Between Communal Areas and Fast Track Villagised Settlements

This article examines the nature of labour exchange between A1 farmers with people in communal areas of origin based on kinship and friendship relations. While agrarian labour in Zimbabwe has attracted considerable interest in land reform debates, limited attention has been paid to agrarian labour exchange and livelihoods based on belonging to communal areas of origin under the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP). Using a qualitative case study from Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe, I argue that belonging plays an important role in labour exchange and enabling livelihoods. This article illustrates that labour exchange in farm households still matter despite changes in land distribution and the economy. The article concludes that belonging-based labour exchange enhances agricultural production and livelihoods in a new land ownership and economic circumstances.

Why Family Members St(r)ay: Marginalized Family Members’ Commitment to Family

ABSTRACT Societal norms of commitment to family make gaining and maintaining family distance challenging. This study utilizes the investment model (Rusbult, 1980, 1983) to understand family commitment in the context of family member marginalization. A survey of 285 marginalized family members revealed family member marginalization is associated with lower family satisfaction and investment and higher availability of alternative kin relationships. The negative association between perceptions of family member marginalization and family commitment was mediated by family satisfaction and investment. Financial dependence on family, family-blame, self-blame, and intentionality of marginalization moderated the association between family member marginalization and (a) satisfaction and (b) investment. Implications for the investment model and practical implications for supporting marginalized members are discussed.

Aggression and spatial positioning of kin and non-kin fish in social groups.

Group-living animals are faced with the challenge of sharing space and local resources amongst group members who may be either relatives or non-relatives. Individuals may reduce the inclusive fitness costs they incur from competing with relatives by either reducing their levels of aggression toward kin, or by maintaining physical separation between kin. In this field study, we used the group-living cichlid Neolamprologus multifasciatus to examine whether within-group aggression is reduced among group members that are kin, and whether kin occupy different regions of their group's territory to reduce kin competition over space and local resources. We determined the kinship relationships among cohabiting adults via microsatellite genotyping and then combined these with spatial and behavioral analyses of groups in the wild. We found that aggressive contests between group members declined in frequency with spatial separation between their shelters. Female kin did not engage in aggressive contests with one another, whereas non-kin females did, despite the fact these females lived at similar distances from one another on their groups' territories. Contests within male-male and male-female dyads did not clearly correlate with kinship. Non-kin male-male and male-female dyads lived at more variable distances from one another on their territories than their corresponding kin dyads. Together, our study indicates that contests among group members can be mediated by relatedness in a sex-dependent manner. We also suggest that spatial relationships can play an important role in determining the extent to which group members compete with one another.

Tuo Dolphins

Tuo Dolphins takes place in both Aarhus, Denmark and in the Reef islands, the Solomon Islands. Moffat Bonunga, visits the Danish anthropologists Jens Pinholt and Peter I. Crawford in Aarhus to help them with their work on the film project. This included talking about a special event when dolphins ran ashore at Tuo village. The people of Tuo have a mythical relationship with dolphins, covered by a traditional so-called kastom story, the incident confirming the fascinating relationship between the dolphins landing on the beach and the kinship relationships. The phenomenon had allegedly been triggered when a member of a specific family line, Pelewe, passed away a few weeks before. The villagers decided to re-enact part of their Dolphin story to capture it on film, thereby using the film, and its crew, to both present and confirm the truthfulness of the legend and myth.

Indigenous Pedagogies: Land, Water, and Kinship

Indigenous communities, across lands and waters, engage in and build complex knowledge systems emergent from particular values and ways of perceiving and being in the world (Cajete, 1994; Deloria & Wildcat, 2001). Indigenous knowledge systems, values, and ways of being are understood and enacted within socio-ecological systems grounded in reciprocal kin relations. Meaning: for Indigenous peoples, teaching, learning, living, and being in relation with human and more-than-human beings is central to our knowledge systems. In Issue #49 of the Bank Street Occasional Paper Series, “Indigenous Pedagogies: Land, Water and Kinship,” we bring together Indigenous educators and researchers to demonstrate how Indigenous teaching and learning takes form across contexts.