King's Printer Research Articles

An assessment of seasonal bait uptake by individual grey squirrels to develop a delivery system for oral contraceptives.

Globally, human-wildlife conflicts continue to increase, owing to human population growth and expansion. Many of these conflicts concern the impacts of invasive non-native species. In the UK, the invasive, non-native grey squirrel Sciurus carolinensis negatively affects tree health and has caused the decline of the native red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris. Oral contraceptives are being developed to manage the impacts of the grey squirrel. To be effective, contraceptives will need to be deployed at a landscape scale, and will require a delivery system that is practical and economically viable. Understanding grey squirrel feeding behaviour is important so that delivery methods can be designed so that a sufficient number oftarget individuals receive an effective contraceptive dose at a time of year that will ensure their infertility throughout peak times of breeding. The main aims of this study were to assess how sex, season, squirrel density and bait point density influenced; (1) the probability of a squirrel visiting a feeder and (2) the amount of bait consumed from feeders. Field trials were conducted on six woodland populations of squirrels in three seasons, with four days of bait deployment via purpose-designed squirrel-specific bait hoppers with integrated PIT-tag readers. It was possible to deliver multiple doses on most days to most male and female grey squirrels, with bait deployment more likely to be effective in spring, immediately before the second annual peak in squirrel breeding, followed by winter, immediately before the first peak in breeding. The results from this study could be used to design methods for delivering oral contraceptive baits to grey squirrels in the future and the methods used could be applied to other small mammal species and other bait delivery systems. © 2024 Crown copyright and The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland.

Vitamin D Metabolites Are Associated With Musculoskeletal Injury in Young Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

The relationship between vitamin D metabolites and lower body (pelvis and lower limb) overuse injury is unclear. In a prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between vitamin D metabolites and incidence of lower body overuse musculoskeletal and bone stress injury in young adults undergoing initial military training during all seasons. In 1637 men and 530 women (aged 22.6 ± 7.5 years; body mass index [BMI], 24.0 ± 2.6 kg/m- 2 ; 94.3% white ethnicity), we measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2 D) by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D) by immunoassay during week 1 of training. We examined whether the relationship between 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D:24,25(OH)2 D ratio was associated with overuse injury. During 12 weeks of training, 21.0% sustained ≥1 overuse musculoskeletal injury, and 5.6% sustained ≥1 bone stress injury. After controlling for sex, BMI, 2.4 km run time, smoking, bone injury history, and Army training course (Officer, standard, or Infantry), lower body overuse musculoskeletal injury incidence was higher for participants within the second lowest versus highest quartile of 24,25(OH)2 D (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-2.32; p = 0.009) and lowest versus highest cluster of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D:24,25(OH)2 D (OR = 6.30; 95% CI 1.89-21.2; p = 0.003). Lower body bone stress injury incidence was higher for participants within the lowest versus highest quartile of 24,25(OH)2 D (OR = 4.02; 95% CI 1.82-8.87; p < 0.001) and lowest versus highest cluster of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D:24,25(OH)2 D (OR = 22.08; 95% CI 3.26-149.4; p = 0.001), after controlling for the same covariates. Greater conversion of 25(OH)D to 24,25(OH)2 D, relative to 1,25(OH)2 D (ie, low 1,25(OH)2 D:24,25(OH)2 D), and higher serum 24,25(OH)2 D were associated with a lower incidence of lower body overuse musculoskeletal and bone stress injury. Serum 24,25(OH)2 D may have a role in preventing overuse injury in young adults undertaking arduous physical training. © 2023 Crown copyright and The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland.

The Comet Assay, a Sensitive Biomarker of Water Quality Improvement Following Adoption of Beneficial Agricultural Practices?

Numerous actions have been undertaken by farmers to attenuate the impact of agricultural activities on aquatic ecosystems. The identification of biomarkers that respond quickly to water quality improvement could facilitate the assessment of adopted alternative practices and help maintain mobilization among stakeholders. We evaluated the potential of the comet assay, a biomarker of genotoxic effects, using a freshwater mussel, Elliptio complanata, as a model animal. The frequency of DNA damage was assessed in hemocytes of mussels collected from a pristine habitat and caged for 8 weeks in the Pot au Beurre River, a tributary of the fluvial Lake St.-Pierre (Quebec, Canada) impacted by agricultural activities. We found that the level of DNA damage naturally induced in mussel hemocytes was low and showed very limited variations over time. Compared with these baseline levels and to laboratory controls, we observed a doubling in DNA alterations in mussels exposed to agricultural runoff in the third branch of the Pot au Beurre River. The genotoxic response was significantly lower in mussels caged in the first branch of the Pot au Beurre River, where longer stretches of shoreline have been restored as buffer strips. Glyphosate, mesotrione, imazethapyr, and metolachlor were the main discriminant pesticides between these two branches. Metolachlor was found in sufficient concentrations to induce DNA damage, but it is more likely that the observed genotoxicity was the result of a "cocktail effect," that is, the cumulative contribution of coexisting genotoxicants including the above-mentioned herbicides and ingredients in their formulation. Our findings suggest that the comet assay is a sensitive tool for the early detection of changes in water toxicity following the adoption of agricultural beneficial practices. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2201-2214. © 2023 Crown copyright and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland.

Association Between Combat-Related Traumatic Injury and Skeletal Health: Bone Mineral Density Loss Is Localized and Correlates With Altered Loading in Amputees: the Armed Services Trauma Rehabilitation Outcome (ADVANCE) Study.

The association between combat-related traumatic injury (CRTI) and bone health is uncertain. A disproportionate number of lower limb amputees from the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts are diagnosed with osteopenia/osteoporosis, increasing lifetime risk of fragility fracture and challenging traditional osteoporosis treatment paradigms. The aim of this study is to test the hypotheses that CRTI results in a systemic reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) and that active traumatic lower limb amputees have localized BMD reduction, which is more prominent with higher level amputations. This is a cross-sectional analysis of the first phase of a cohort study comprising 575 male adult UK military personnel with CRTI (UK-Afghanistan War 2003 to 2014; including 153 lower limb amputees) who were frequency-matched to 562 uninjured men by age, service, rank, regiment, deployment period, and role-in-theatre. BMD was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning of the hips and lumbar spine. Femoral neck BMD was lower in the CRTI than the uninjured group (T-score -0.08 versus -0.42 p=.000). Subgroup analysis revealed this reduction was significant only at the femoral neck of the amputated limb of amputees (p=0.000), where the reduction was greater for above knee amputees than below knee amputees (p < 0.001). There were no differences in spine BMD or activity levels between amputees and controls. Changes in bone health in CRTI appear to be mechanically driven rather than systemic and are only evident in those with lower limb amputation. This may arise from altered joint and muscle loading creating a reduced mechanical stimulus to the femur resulting in localized unloading osteopenia. This suggests that interventions to stimulate bone may provide an effective management strategy. © 2023 Crown copyright and The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland.

Publishing, Politics, and Culture: The King's Printers in the Reign of James I and VI

Publishing, Politics, and Culture: The King's Printers in the Reign of James I and VI

GRAHAM REES and MARIA WAKELY, Publishing, Politics, and Culture: The King's Printers in the Reign of James I and VI.

AS Rees and Wakely point out at the beginning of their book, the great problem for those investigating early English book history is the loss of masses of records generated ‘in the general way of book-trade, family, and landed business—indentures, bills obligatory, manuscript book lists and catalogues, account books, warehouse day books, shop books, correspondence, leases, mortgages and other documents relating to property deals, marriage contracts and jointures, and a great deal else besides’ (7–8). Indeed, this is the problem, and although some day a bit of this material may turn up, most of it it is gone forever and scholars try to reconstruct events by calculated and informed guesswork. However, the situation with the contenders for the rights to be the King’s Printers in the Jacobean period is somewhat different, partly because of the staggering sums of money involved and the litigation undertaken to get control of this money—legal records have a much better survival rate than business or family records. For example, in the course of one pleading in Chancery in 1617 it is claimed that Bonham Norton and John Bill paid to the family of Robert Barker the sum of £6,500 which, according to the National Archives ‘Currency Converter’ (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/currency/results.asp#mid) would be worth £636,220 in modern money, and sums of this size and larger are to be found on almost every page of the early chapters in this book. These Stationers are clearly not the nearly destitute, living on the edge businessmen of whom literary scholars have been wont to speak, but then perhaps literary scholars have got it wrong all these years.

Folios Fit for a King: James I, John Bill, and the King's Printers, 1616-1620

In the short period 1616–20, the King’s Printers, the preeminent printing office in Jacobean London, produced nine editions of a special kind. As Maria Wakely and Graham Rees observe in this article, all appeared in folio format; all, save one, were by living authors; all were very expensive to print; and the King’s Printers produced nothing like them at any other time in James’s reign. These editions comprised James’s works in English and Latin; the first two parts of de Dominis’s De republica ecclesiatica; the first editions in English, Italian, and Latin of Sarpi’s Historia del Concilio Tridentino; Savile’s edition of Bradwardines De causa Dei; and Bacon’s Instauratio magna. These editions were printed using production routines unique to the King’s Printing House. They testify to James I’s faith in the political efficacy of the printed word, and they shed new light on the close and complicated relations between the king and his printers, Bonham Norton, and that Figaro of the London book trade, John Bill. james i, john bill, and the king’s printers 495 122. Over 120 proclamations were printed by the King’s Printers in the period 1616–21. 123. For instance, in connection with the execution of Raleigh; see n. 124, below. 124. We know that late in Elizabeth’s reign they had six, and we know from State Papers that they had six in 1668—along with eight compositors and ten pressmen; see Cambridge History of the Book, 4:794. We do not know how many presses were in operation in 1620. However, in November 1618 Sir Robert Naunton (1563–1635) reported that the King’s Printers had produced A Declaration of the Demeanor and Cariage of Sir W. Raleigh (STC 20652.5). He added that the printers “were fain to watch two nights, and set 20 presses to work at once”; see Letters and Life of Francis Bacon, 6:382. Naunton may have exaggerated but he leaves open the possibility that the King’s Printers had many presses at their disposal, and/or farmed some of the printing to other shops. Bacon (incidentally) may well have helped to write A Declaration. 125. The very grand Northumberland House was pictured in 1752 by Canaletto; the painting is in the Duke of Northumberland’s collection. The house was demolished in the nineteenth century. 03HLQ6803_467-496 12/15/05 12:13 PM Page 495 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.58 on Fri, 24 Jun 2016 05:09:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Dictionnaire des femmes libraires en France (1470-1870) (review)

Reviewed by: Dictionnaire des femmes libraires en France (1470–1870) Jim Chevallier Dictionnaire des femmes libraires en France (1470–1870). By Roméo Arbour. Geneva, Switzerland: Librairie Droz, 2003. 750 pp. €83,23. ISBN 2-600-00827-6. This is largely a book about widows not only before the French Revolution, when women were limited to taking over a deceased husband's business, but often after as well. The brief (nineteen pages) but useful introduction paints a poignant picture of aged women requesting licenses to open bookstores only because they had no other means of support. Before and after the Revolution, too, it seems that many women booksellers barely made a living. Among other things, these facts tinge a rather dry and summary catalog of names and facts with a faint sense of loss. In the 495 (of 750) pages that make up the dictionary proper, it is rare to find one where the mention Vve (veuve, meaning "widow") does not appear after most names. More concretely, the data for [End Page 97] each entry frequently reflect this in several ways. In most cases, the entry is under a husband's name, with the maiden name following immediately after. Frequently, only the husband's name or even last name appears. In general, too, it is not clear when the business itself was established. When dates are given, they most often indicate only when a woman took over the business. Arbour notes that other women were involved in the book business even before the Revolution, notably, the daughters and wives of printers, but that they are not included here. After the Revolution many more women started their own bookstores. For a long time this required a license, ensuring that selling books was indeed the holder's primary activity (at least in Paris—authorities in the provinces seem to have been less strict). But after about 1860 or so these bookstores were often combined with unrelated businesses, resulting in a fragmentation that made the label "bookseller" increasingly fluid. Finally, in August 1870 this requirement was abolished, and the book takes this as the end date for its data. The data are derived from a number of sources: archives of booksellers' and printers' associations, ministerial records, notarial documents, inspectors' reports, printers' depositions, applications, authorizations and refusals for licenses, archives of the Bastille, and so on. The introduction outlines an ideal format for each entry: the woman's professional name (often her husband's), her maiden name, the business locality and address or addresses, the nature of the business, the date this woman assumed control, the date of marriage, the date of death of the original owner (usually a husband or another male relative), special functions ("King's Printer," etc.), professional associations, representative titles published, key career events, activity end date, and references. This, the author notes, is an ideal format, subject to the vagaries of research and to the constraints of the genre. Sources, the author notes, tend to be more substantial for the ancien régime than after, and some entries list no more than a name, a place, and a date of activity. Even when the available data allow this format to be followed completely, it is necessarily a sober one, leaving no place for anecdotes or any discussion of the relative importance of the business in one town or of other elements that might offer more color or context. Arbour cites a figure of 6,434 women, all of whom presumably are listed in the main directory as well as the appendixes and index. This single volume seems comprehensive—if necessarily incomplete—as a catalog. As the author himself says, "Developed from an often deficient documentation . . . this dictionary of woman booksellers is presented as a first effort that other researchers, undertaking further canvassing and research into the records of Parisian notaries, departmental archives, and municipal libraries, are invited to complete" (26, my translation). Should anyone "complete" this work, however, it will necessarily be in several volumes. Within the confines of one, the current work provides a solid and useful reference to its subject. The one missing piece, for those whose interest is local or regional, is an index by place...

Henry VIII's Divorce: Literature and the Politics of the Printing Press

During the period of Henry VIII's divorce crisis, a political and literary rivalry developed between Thomas Berthelet, the king's printer, and the Rastell family, kinsmen of the Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas More and quasi-official printers in their own right. This study recounts the text-by-text progress of the feud. It describes how Berthelet represented Henry as a prudent philosopher-king, taking the advice of scholars and theologians on anulling his marriage, and on limiting the Church's power (texts include A Glass of the Truth, rumoured to be by Henry himself, and the works of Sir Thomas Elyot). In response to the king's press campaign, the Rastells' dialogues and dramas staged the kind of wise counsel that Henry ostensibly welcomed (John Rastell's A New Book of Purgatory, Skelton's Magnificenceamong them), observing the rules dictated by the king's public image and urging him towards greater conformity with that image than divorce or declaration of royal supremacy would allow.J. CHRISTOPHER WARNERis Associate Professor of English at Le Moyne College.

A King's Printer at Work: two Documents of Robert Barker

A King's Printer at Work: two Documents of Robert Barker

The King's Printer in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1639

The King's Printer in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1639

The Tory and the Spy: The Double Life of James Rivington

IN i86o the memoirs of George Washington Parke Custis, Martha Washington's grandson and the father-in-law of Robert E. Lee, were published posthumously.' Among their disclosures was an account of espionage during the Revolution which, although not totally new, seemed almost incredible. The story concerned the wartime duplicity of James Rivington, the King's printer, a detested arch-Tory, who supposedly fattened his pocketbook by dealing indecently in calumny, lies, and libel about the patriots and their cause. In the heat of Revolutionary zeal no epithet was too vivid to describe his slanderous and malevolent Gazetteer, and no denunciation too violent for the unscrupulous Judas and pensioned servile wretch he was supposed to be.2 Even Alexander Hamilton, who deplored the violence done to Rivington's press by the Sons of Liberty, said he was fully sensible . . . how detestable the character of the man is in every respect.3 Seventy-five years later, however, Custis asked people to believe that this man-condemned repeatedly in Whig resolutions, arrested for his obnoxious writings, and whose press the Sons of Liberty destroyed-had served secretly but significantly the patriot cause. Custis was not sure when Rivington became employed in Washington's secret service, but he thought it could have been as early as the end of I776, since at that time Robert Morris borrowed five hundred guineas in gold from a Quaker for the secret service. Intelligence of vital importance, gleaned in convivial moments at Sir William's or Sir Henry's

Francis Bacon and the King's Printer

Although Barker's gift was the largest which Bacon admitted receiving in cash, in one payment, and from an individual, the giver seems not to have been identified in any life of the Lord Chancellor. He was Robert Barker, the King's Printer, who a few years before had printed and published the 1611 King James Version of the Bible. An examination of the evidence gives some reason to accept Bacon's statement of the circumstances of the gift. It was almost certainly given to Bacon after May 7, 1619, when he had handed down a decision in favor of Barker. And Bacon's receipt of Barker's gift apparently did not move him to rule in Barker's favor when he next faced the Court of Chancery.2 Bacon's Chancery suit grew out of a family quarrel. His eldest son had married the eldest daughter of Bonham Norton. Norton was an experienced stationer and of a family well established in the printing trade. He was wealthy and influential; he had been the sheriff of Shropshire and was an alderman of London. But he was a hard, grasping, covetous man. Barker, although he had accumulated a fortune from Bible-printing, needed money and entered into a partnership with John Bill and Norton. Soon after, Norton attempted by none too ethical means to take from him the office of King's Printer which he and his father had long held.3 A Chancery suit resulted in a victory for Barker. Some time after this, according to Bacon, he received the gift of ?700. Bacon may have reasoned as he did when he accepted gifts from the London grocers and apothecaries (articles 24-26 of the Confession), that he had acted as arbiter between Barker and Norton. Bacon had appointed, at the beginning of the suit, Sir Henry Savile and Sir

An Introduction to the Geography of the Canadian Arctic

Journal Article An Introduction to the Geography of the Canadian Arctic Get access An Introduction to the Geography of the Canadian Arctic. By the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Geographical Branch, Canada. Mimeographed. Preface by J. Wreford Watson. Ottawa, King's Printer, 1951. xiii+118 pp. Illus. Maps. Bibliog. (Canadian Geography Information Series No. 2.) 914′​′×6′​′⁠. 50 cents. W. R. Mead W. R. Mead Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 28, Issue 3, July 1952, Pages 366–367, https://doi.org/10.2307/2607432 Published: 01 July 1952

Book Review: †Canada Year Book

Book Review: †Canada Year Book

The far Distant Ships: An Official Account of Canadian Naval Operations in the Second World War. By &lt;italic&gt;Joseph Schull&lt;/italic&gt;. [Published by Authority of the Minister of National Defence.] (Ottawa: Edmond Cloutier, King's Printer. 1950. Pp. xix, 515. $3.00.)

The far Distant Ships: An Official Account of Canadian Naval Operations in the Second World War. By &lt;italic&gt;Joseph Schull&lt;/italic&gt;. [Published by Authority of the Minister of National Defence.] (Ottawa: Edmond Cloutier, King's Printer. 1950. Pp. xix, 515. $3.00.)

Bibliography of Seismology

VOL, 14, No.3, of the Bibliography of Seismology from the Dominion Observatory, Ottawa, has been complied by W. G. Milne (pp. 51-70. Ottawa: King's Printer ; 1948. 25 cents). It contains 124 items (6734-6857) concerning pure and applied seismology, together with lists of patents taken out in connexion with the latter. The survey is world wide. Included are important items on recent research in large-scale geophysical exploration using artificial earthquakes caused by the detonation of surplus explosives. Work by Bullard and Charlier on explosions in Germany, Gamburtsev in U.S.S.R. and J. Tuzo Wilson and others in Canada all bear on this. Papers on microseisms by Deacon, Barber and Ursell of the Admiralty Research Laboratory, Macelwane and others in America, Bernard in France, Amoròs and others in Spain, Hodgson in Canada, and Jones in the Pacific area, are listed. This subject, which was at one time only an annoyance to seismologists since the microseisms confused their records of earthquakes, now has important practical meteorological and oceanoagraphic applications.

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:Interpretations of Modern Legal Philosophies. Essays in Honor of Roscoe Pound. Edited with an Introduction by Paul Sayre.A History of English Criminal Law and its Administration from 1750. Volume I: The Movement for Reform. By Leon Radzinowicz. With a Foreword by the Right Hon. Lord Macmillan. Published under the auspices of the Pilgrim Trust.An Introduction to Criminal Law. By Rupert Cross, m.a., b.c.l., and P. Asterley JonesCurrent Legal Problems, 1948. Edited by George W. Keeton and Georg Schwarzenberger on behalf of the Faculty of Laws, University College, London. Vol. I.Cases in Constitutional Law. By D. L. Keir, kt., m.a., ll.d., and F. H. Lawson, m.a., d.c.l. Third edition revised.A Manual of International Law. By Georg Schwarzenberger.An Introduction to International Law. By J. G. StarkeRetaliation in International Law. By Evelyn Speyer Colbert.Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals. Selected and prepared by the United Nations War Crimes Commission.German Crimes in Poland. Vol. 2.Prawo Norymberskie (The Nuremberg Law): Bilans i Perspektywy. By Dr. T. Cyprian and Dr. J. Sawicki.The Principles of Planning Law. By J. Charueswokth, ll.d. Second edition.Lowndes and Rudolf on General Average and the York‐Antwerp Rules. Seventh Edition by. A. J. Hodgson and G. R. Rudolf.The King's Good Servant. Papers read to The Thomas More Society of London.Year Book of the International Court of Justice, 1947–1948.Index to the Reports, Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders, 1947–1948.Final Legal Fictions. By A. Laurence PolakStanford Law Review.The Agricultural Holdings Act, 1948. By J. Muir Watt, m.a. Current Law Guide No. 5.Books also received:—Index to the Companies Act, 1948. Tenth Edition. By Cecil W. Turner, Barrister‐at‐LawThis useful book comprises a King's Printers' copy of the Act, an index, and tables showing where corresponding sections of the repealed Acts are to be found in the 1948 Act and vice versa.The Secretarial Handbook. By Edward Westby‐Nunn, b.a., ll.b., Barrister‐at‐Law. Fifth Edition.This book has been substantially re‐written in the light of the Companies Act, 1948. It is a most useful practical guide to a company secretary's duties.Palmer's Company Guide. Thirty‐sixth edition. By J. Charlesworth, ll.d.Palmer's Private Companies. Forty‐first edition. By J. Charlesworth, ll.d.

National Research Council (Canada) : Review of 1948

THE "National Research Council Review, 1948" (N.R.C. No. 111. Pp. 216. Ottawa : King's Printer, 1948. 75 center) describes the work of the Council during the year ended December 31, 1947, and gives more detailed information regarding the work of the laboratories than is contained in the annual report, the last ty-first) of which covered the year ended March 31, 1948 (see Nature, November 6, p. 748). Besides the more specific accounts of work in progress, the Review includes a full list of scientific staff, arranged by Divisions, now totalling 2,682 persons, with details of the representation of the National Research Council on outside committees. In addition to statistics of scholarships and fellowships awarded in 1947-48 and their distribution, there is an analysis of those awarded during 1917-48. Reports from the various Associate Committees list the members of those Committees, while the value of the reports from the Divisions of Atomic Energy Research, Applied Biology, Chemistry, Applied Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, and Radio and Electrical Engineering is enhanced by the inclusion of lists of publications of the Divisions during the year. The Review is thus a most useful annual reference work on the work of the Council. Reference has already been made (loc. cit.) to features of the work of the Council during the year. It can only be added here that besides giving a clear picture of the organisation and activities of the Atomic Energy Research Division, the Review refers to a development unnoticed in the annual report—the establishment of a new company, Canadian Patents and Developments, Ltd., with a board of directors of representatives from industry, the universities and the National Research Council. The primary purpose of this Company is to make available to industry through licensing arrangements the inventions, new processes and improvements in processes, developed by the scientific workers of the Council. It is anticipated that the Company will eventually have charge of all Government-owned patents which can be made available to industry, including some 1,300 enemy patents now held by the Custodian of Enemy Property. The Company is also intended to provide a channel for the flow to industry of new developments by scientific workers in the universities.

The Canadian Army, 1939–1945: An Official Historical Summary. By Colonel &lt;italic&gt;C. P. Stacey&lt;/italic&gt;, Director, Historical Section, General Staff. (Ottawa: Published by Authority of the Minister of National Defence by Edmond Cloutier, King's Printer. 1948. Pp. xv, 354.)

Journal Article The Canadian Army, 1939–1945: An Official Historical Summary. By Colonel C. P. Stacey, Director, Historical Section, General Staff. (Ottawa: Published by Authority of the Minister of National Defence by Edmond Cloutier, King's Printer. 1948. Pp. xv, 354.) Get access The Canadian Army, 1939–1945: An Official Historical Summary. By Stacey Colonel C. P., Director, Historical Section, General Staff. (Ottawa: Published by Authority of the Minister of National Defence by Edmond Cloutier, King's Printer. 1948. Pp. xv, 354.) Kent Roberts Greenfield Kent Roberts Greenfield Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 54, Issue 2, January 1949, Pages 395–396, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/54.2.395 Published: 01 January 1949