Kinematic Approach Research Articles

Seismic stability analysis of 3D tunnel faces in unsaturated soils

This paper aims to develop a framework using the kinematic approach to assess the face stability of tunnels in unsaturated soils under seismic conditions, allowing for a rigorous upper-bound solution of the required face pressure. The stress behavior of the soil under steady unsaturated infiltration is analytically described using a suction stress-based framework. Three methods, i.e., the pseudostatic (PS) method, conventional pseudodynamic (CPD) method, and modified pseudodynamic (MPD) method are employed to represent the earthquake acceleration for the seismic analysis of tunnel face stabilities. The temporal and spatial variations of seismic accelerations and suction stresses are incorporated into the work-energy balance equation within the 3D discretization-based failure mechanism. A hybrid optimization routine is employed to search for the maximum required face pressure. The developed framework is validated through a comparison analysis with prior research, and the outcomes obtained from the three methods of representing seismic accelerations are compared. Several parameter analyses are performed to discuss the effects of the unit weight of unsaturated soils, dynamic characteristics, and hydraulic hysteresis. The framework can provide a useful tool for quantitatively analyzing the impact of potential seismic forces, as well as steady unsaturated infiltrations paired with hydraulic hysteresis, on the tunnel face stability.

Effective Modeling on Learning Ballet Online

After COVID-19, face-to-face learning was changed to online learning. However, very few effective online learning methods were available regarding physical education. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the modeling effects on learning ballet movement in the online system. We aimed to find effective modeling presentations based on objective information, expert assessments, and a kinematic approach. The study included 36 individuals who were divided into an expert modeling group, a self-modeling group, and controls. Participants performed 60 trials of Pas de basque in the acquisition phase and 10 trials without a demonstration video after 24 h. 10 min later, the reversed Pas de basque was conducted for the retention test. All groups showed improved performance after the acquisition phase, which indicated that the modeling presentation was effective despite adopting an online learning system. However, higher expert scores and more accurate joint movements were shown in the expert modeling group compared to the other groups. Therefore, expert modeling seems to be the most effective method for learning high-difficulty tasks with jumps and turns.

Seismic Bearing Capacity Solution for Strip Footings in Unsaturated Soils with Modified Pseudo-Dynamic Approach

In engineering mathematics, the unsaturated nature of soil has a significant impact on the seismic bearing capacity solution. However, it has generally been neglected in the published literature to date. Based on the kinematic approach of limit analysis, the present study proposes a method for calculating the bearing capacity of shallow strip footings located in unsaturated soils, taking four common types of soils as examples. The modified pseudo-dynamic (MPD) approach is used to calculate the seismic forces varying with time and space, and the layerwise summation method is used to derive the power generated by the seismic forces. In the calculation of internal energy dissipation, this paper introduces the effective stress based on the suction stress to derive the cohesion expression at different depths. The analytical formula of bearing capacity is obtained by the principle of virtual work, and its value is optimized by the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm. In order to verify the validity of the proposed method, the present results are compared with the solutions published so far and a good agreement is obtained. Finally, a parametric study is performed to investigate the influence of different types of parameters on the bearing capacity.

Method for Using IMU-Based Experimental Motion Data in BVH Format for Musculoskeletal Simulations via OpenSim

Biomechanical simulation allows for in silico estimations of biomechanical parameters such as muscle, joint and ligament forces. Experimental kinematic measurements are a prerequisite for musculoskeletal simulations using the inverse kinematics approach. Marker-based optical motion capture systems are frequently used to collect this motion data. As an alternative, IMU-based motion capture systems can be used. These systems allow flexible motion collection without nearly any restriction regarding the environment. However, one limitation with these systems is that there is no universal way to transfer IMU data from arbitrary full-body IMU measurement systems into musculoskeletal simulation software such as OpenSim. Thus, the objective of this study was to enable the transfer of collected motion data, stored as a BVH file, to OpenSim 4.4 to visualize and analyse the motion using musculoskeletal models. By using the concept of virtual markers, the motion saved in the BVH file is transferred to a musculoskeletal model. An experimental study with three participants was conducted to verify our method’s performance. Results show that the present method is capable of (1) transferring body dimensions saved in the BVH file to a generic musculoskeletal model and (2) correctly transferring the motion data saved in the BVH file to a musculoskeletal model in OpenSim 4.4.

A Novel, Low-Cost, Position-Sensitive Neutron Detector to Support Thick-Target Inverse Kinematics Experiments for Nuclear Data Measurements

High quality nuclear data lie at the heart of accurately modelling stellar systems and terrestrial nuclear reactors. However, some key reaction cross sections have large uncertainties, which limit such models in predicting isotopic abundances and other aspects of stellar evolution, along with key operational parameters for nuclear reactors. Reactions involving neutrons are particularly difficult to measure experimentally in laboratories, not least due to the unique challenges involved when detecting neutrons. We present a new approach to measuring nuclear reactions involving neutrons by exploiting the Thick-Target Inverse Kinematics (TTIK) approach. For such measurements, a new detector called ATTIKUS (A Thick-Target Inverse Kinematics detector by Universities in Sheffield) is under construction. Here we present designs and Geant4 Monte-Carlo simulations of the detector. The simulations indicate that a neutron position reconstruction resolution of 10 cm is obtainable and demonstrate how this device could be applied to the 13C(α,n) reaction, which is considered to be the main neutron source for the s-process in low-mass Asymptotic Giant Branch stars. In the TTIK method, the emission position of the neutron (the nuclear interaction position in a gaseous target) is directly linked to the centre-of-mass energy of the reaction. Therefore, a position resolution will translate into an energy resolution, depending on the beam-target combination. The inverse reaction, 16O(n,α), causes a large uncertainty in calculating the effective neutron multiplication factor, Keff in nuclear reactors, so improvements are required here.

Assessing primary vegetation recovery from earthquake-induced landslide scars: A real-time kinematic unmanned aerial vehicle approach

Globally, post-disturbance site formation is caused by large-scale natural disturbances. In such areas, it is necessary to restore vegetation rapidly as it regulates the outflow of sediment and water. However, the relationship between post-disturbance site vegetation recovery and environmental factors has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to estimate the environmental factors affecting early vegetation recovery after large-scale disturbances (i.e., earthquakes). We used a novel analysis of multidimensional high-definition earth surface data derived from real-time kinematic unmanned aerial vehicles (RTK-UAVs) with high positioning accuracy to reveal primary vegetation recovery conditions, accounting for ground surface changes and environmental information of earthquake-induced landslide scars in Japan's boreal forests. A vegetation survey was conducted to understand the species composition and coverage that had recovered from earthquake-induced landslide scar in Japan's boreal forests. The herbaceous species Petasites japonicus subsp. giganteus and the woody introduced species Larix kaempferi were identified as the dominant species that help restore vegetation, with high frequency and plant coverage in the primary succession of the landslide scar. The reproductive characteristics of these pioneer species suggest that they have an advantage for establishment and growth, particularly on landslide scars with substantial topsoil dynamics. An optimal generalized linear model was used, which considered the distance from the vegetation inside and outside the landslide scars, ground surface change, inclination angle, annual amount of solar radiation, and the local region as explanatory variables. The ideal environmental conditions for vegetation recovery are summarized as follows: 1) Maximum biological legacy preserved inside and outside landslide scars. 2) Vegetation recovery expected in stable areas with little erosion and accumulation. 3) Vegetation recovery expected on slopes other than steep slopes or those with extremely high amounts of sunlight. The vegetation recovery conditions and RTK-UAV remote-sensing techniques used in this study can be applied to vegetation restoration zoning plans immediately after a disaster in similar environments.

Innovation of an Integrated Ticker Timer Learning Media to Support Inquiry-based Physical Learning in Kinematics Competence for Senior High School

Physics learning for kinematics sub-competence in high schools is expected to use a scientific approach by means of inquiry-based learning models. In order to implement the scientific approach for learning kinematics, we need an integrated good-quality ticker timer in such a way that students are able to observe straight-line motion phenomena. In this study, we have developed an integrated ticker timer with the following characteristics: valid, efficient, easy, safe, high durability, and visually eye-catching. As a result, our integrated ticker timer have the same frequency with better temperance and 2.30% margin of errors compared to commercial ticker timer. In addition, our developed ticker timer only requires a relatively small electrical power. Furthermore, the integrated ticker timer as an innovative learning medium can improve better performance in physics teaching and learning process, with these characteristics: (1) fast to obtain measurement data, precise and accurate; (2) easy to use, safe, and high durability; (3) able to help and motivate teachers and students to learn kinematics.
 Keywords: ticker timer, learning media, inquiry-based, kinematics competence

Faster is not always better: Turning performance trade-offs in the inshore squids Doryteuthis pealeii and Illex illecebrosus

Jet-propelled swimmers move differently than fin and flipper-based locomotors, relying heavily on directed, pulsed flows to effect maneuvers and turns. Despite a unique propulsive system involving both fins and a jet, little is currently known about the turning performance of most squids. In this study, the maneuverability of two morphologically and ecologically different squids, the shortfin squid, Illex illecebrosus, and longfin squid, Doryteuthis pealeii, was studied using kinematic tracking approaches. We recorded 128 spontaneous turns using a multi-camera system, tracked several landmarks on the squids, and calculated a range of kinematic parameters, including angular velocity and length-specific turning radius along the yaw axis for all turns. Illex illecebrosus completed faster but broader turns than D. pealeii. Doryteuthis pealeii relied more heavily on its fins for turning, with higher fin flap frequencies and amplitudes than I. illecebrosus. Both species were able to complete tighter turns when oriented arms-first versus tail-first, and I. illecebrosus curled its arms more in the arms-first mode, which likely increased angular velocity through a reduction in moment of inertia. The results of this study indicate that the jet, fins, and arms of squids all play important roles in turning performance, and there is a trade-off in squids between maximizing angular velocity and minimizing turning radius. SummaryA kinematic analysis of maneuverability and agility of two inshore squid species: Doryteuthis pealeii and Illex illecebrosus.

Sequential Generation of Multi-GNSS Multi-Frequency PPP-RTK Products and Their Performance Using the EUREF Permanent GNSS Network

In the classic Precise Point Positioning (PPP) approach, observations of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are processed at the network level to generate satellite clocks and positions. This information can be used to enable accurate point positioning for a single GNSS receiver. In the PPP Real-Time Kinematic (PPP-RTK) approach, satellite phase biases are considered as well, enabling ambiguity resolution at the network and user levels. In this research, 30 s multi-frequency raw GPS, Galileo, and BDS-2/3 observations are processed at the network and user levels in a sequential Kalman filter. PPP-RTK enabling products are generated for up to five frequencies, and ambiguity resolution is performed at the network and user levels using a flexible ambiguity reparameterization approach, comparable to wide- and narrow-laning, which has shown to yield a significantly improved single epoch coordinate solution when multi-frequency observations are available. Different assumptions regarding the time stability of receiver and satellite phase biases have been made and compared. The availability of a precise user coordinate solution when multi-frequency and dual-frequency observations are processed is assessed and compared. A precise ambiguity-fixed solution is available in three epochs or fewer in 77% of all cases with an average of 24 visible satellites for static and kinematic receivers when multi-frequency observations are processed. When only dual-frequency observations are considered, a fixed solution is available in seven epochs or fewer in 71% of all cases. The fastest fixed solution was found in two epochs with multi-frequency observations and in six epochs with dual-frequency observations. Estimating a reference phase clock did not lead to an improvement in the coordinate solution. The findings indicate that a fixed solution can potentially be found faster than often suggested, with potential for further improvement when more satellites or regional atmospheric corrections are considered.

Tunnel Face Stability Considering the Influence of Excess Slurry Pressure

With excess slurry pressures exerted on the tunnel face, slurry particles tend to infiltrate into the soil in front of the tunnel. There will be excess pore pressure ahead of the tunnel in the case of infiltration, leading to an impairment in the supporting effect contributed by the excess slurry pressure. Corresponding to three slurry infiltration scenarios distinguished by the forms of the filter cake, different pressure transfer models are employed to describe the pore pressure distribution. Using the kinematic approach of limit analysis and the numerically simulated seepage field, the study of tunnel face stability under different slurry infiltration cases is extended by employing a 3D discretization-based failure mechanism. In addition, two simple empirical formulas describing the pore pressure distributions above the tunnel and in advance of the tunnel are established and verified. Combined with the dichotomy method and strength reduction method, the safety factors yielding rigorous upper-bound solutions are obtained by optimization. The proposed method is validated by a comparative analysis. The developed framework allows considering the influence of excess pore pressure on the whole failure mechanism and the three-dimensional characteristics of seepage. A parameter analysis is performed to study the effect of the excess slurry pressure, hydraulic conditions, soil strength properties, and pressure drop coefficient. The results show that the steady-state flow model leads to much more conservative results than the full-membrane model. The safety factor increases with the increasing excess slurry pressure and the decreasing pressure drop coefficient. The present work provides an effective framework to quickly assess the face stability of tunnels under excess slurry pressure considering different filter cake scenarios.

Transition to Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty With Kinematic Alignment is Associated With a Short Learning Curve and Similar Acute-Period Functional Recoveries.

Background Robotic instruments are increasingly being used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The adoption of robotics has allowed surgeons a new level of precision and facilitated the adoption of a kinematic approach in TKA. We sought to examine one surgeon's transition from a traditional mechanical alignment technique to a modified kinematic approach by comparingshort-term recovery outcomes of robotic TKA patients with those who underwent traditionally instrumented TKAs. Methodology We examined six-week and six-month postoperative data from 99 traditionally instrumented, mechanically aligned and 66 kinematically aligned robotic TKA patients between January 2021-October 2021 and October 2021-April 2022, respectively. Robotic surgery was performed with VELYS™ (DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, IN, USA) a semi-active, imageless, table-affixed, robotic TKA solution. Results Robotic and traditionally instrumented TKAs did not differ significantly in any functional outcome measures examined, including pain scores, use of assistive devices, or range of motion at six weeks postoperatively. Robotic TKA patients had a better range of motion in knee flexion than traditional TKA patients at six months postoperatively. There were no differences in surgical complications or rates of manipulation under anesthesia within one year postoperatively. Robotic surgery tourniquet times exhibited a steep drop off and equaled traditional methods after only two robotic surgeries were performed. Conclusions Transition to a kinematic, semi-active, robotic TKA demonstrated encouraging results by demonstrating acute-period recovery of function consistent with the current standard of care, as well as a better range of motion at six months postoperatively. The learning curve of this new-to-market device was shorter than previous research on the transition to robotic TKA. Clear advantages of transitioning to robotic instrumentation by any specific functional measure are yet to be elucidated. Further randomized trials are necessary to characterize long-term outcomes.

A general kinematic approach to the seismic stability assessment of slopes

Most of the current studies concerning slope stability assume a toe failure mechanism, which fails to capture the full complexity of slope collapse. In this study, a more comprehensive approach is developed for analyzing seismic slope stability by defining an instability behavior coefficient that considers different failure patterns, including toe, face, and base failure. The proposed coefficient is integrated with a kinematic method of limit analysis to establish a three-dimensional (3D) collapse mechanism that can describe all possible instability behaviors. The impact of earthquake forces on instability behaviors and slope stability is assessed in a modified pseudodynamic manner, which is capable of accounting for the spatiotemporal feature of seismic acceleration. A horizontal slice method is executed for calculating earthquake-induced work rates, as well as a double integral technique to compute dissipation rates due to soil resistance along the sliding surface and work rates generated by soil weight. By applying the principle of energy conservation, the lower-bound solutions of stability numbers are derived, and a further critical solution can be obtained by the combination of the Marine Predators Algorithm and the Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm. The proposed method is confirmed to be accurate and effective through comparisons with previous solutions. In addition, a parametric study reveals the effect of the dynamic characteristics of seismic waves on slope stability and instability behaviors. The general approach developed in this study offers a more comprehensive and accurate way to assess seismic slope stability.

A New Kinematical Admissible Translational–Rotational Failure Mechanism Coupling with the Complex Variable Method for Stability Analyses of Saturated Shallow Square Tunnels

Tunnels are commonly constructed in water-bearing zones, which necessitates stability analyses of saturated tunnels based on the upper bound of the plastic theory. Previous kinematical approaches have the following drawbacks: (1) using an empirical approach to estimate pore-water pressure distributions; (2) using failure mechanisms that are not rigorously kinematically admissible. To overcome these shortcomings, we proposed a rigorously kinematically admissible translational–rotational failure mechanism for an underwater shallow square tunnel where velocity discontinuity surfaces were derived. Then, the pore-water pressure field surrounding the tunnel under the boundary of constant water pressure is analytically generated based on the complex variable method and imported into the kinematically admissible velocity field. Work rates performed by external forces and the internal dissipation rate are numerically computed to formulate the power balance equation, followed by a mixed optimization algorithm to capture the critical states of the surrounding soils of tunnels. The outcomes of pore-water pressure distributions, safety factors, and failure mechanisms are in tandem with those given by the numerical simulation but show higher computational efficiency than the numerical simulation. In the end, we highlight the advantages of the proposed model over the empirical approach, where soil properties and water table elevation effects are analyzed.

Towards Bi‐Dimensional driver models for automated driving system safety requirements: Validation of a kinematic model for evasive lane‐change maneuvers

AbstractPreventing traffic accidents is of paramount importance for society's well‐being. The topic is particularly relevant for driving automation given the high expectations about automated vehicles and the difficulty in estimating reliable safety figures for those complex systems. Under this premise, the present manuscript investigates how to derive a safety benchmark model for evasive lane‐change maneuvers that can also be applied in microsimulation frameworks. The approach leverages a jerk‐limited bang‐bang kinematic model for lane‐change and validates its minimum time prediction against other kinematic approaches and vehicle dynamical models based on a robust minimum‐time optimal control formulation. It is shown how kinematic modeling does not embrace steering angle constraints (at low‐speed) and misses the inertia effect (at high‐speed) thus introducing discrepancies. However, due to the introduction of a braking model, it can be safely claimed that the low‐speed discrepancy between the kinematic and the dynamic models lies in a region where stopping is still the most efficient reaction. Moreover, a method is shown to compute the effective lateral acceleration for a kinematic model to match the dynamical system's maneuvering. The kinematic lane‐change model can thus constitute a valid performance benchmark provided that conservative assumptions are used when calibrating its maximum lateral acceleration.

Multi-objective optimization approach for Inverse Kinematics of redundant manipulator for welding applications

This article presents an optimization-based approach for determining the Inverse Kinematics (IK) of redundant robot manipulators for industrial welding applications. Nine degrees of freedom (DOF) kinematic configuration of a robot manipulator with one prismatic and eight revolute joints has been modelled to improve maneuverability in a welding environment. To perform welding operations at desired task space locations (TSLs), the IK are to be determined. The IK problem is solved using a constrained multi-objective optimization technique with the objective of a reachability manipulator with minimal positional and orientational errors. An obstacle avoidance algorithm is also implemented to avoid collisions during welding operations. IK Simulations of the redundant manipulator in different welding applications were performed in a MATLAB environment. The obtained results shows that the welding manipulator reached desired locations successfully and this approach is adaptable for various shapes of weld joints.

Application of Elliptic Jerk Motion Profile to Cartesian Space Position Control of a Serial Robot

The paper discusses the application of a motion profile with an elliptic jerk to Cartesian space position control of serial robots. This motion profile is obtained by means of a kinematic approach, starting from the jerk profile and then calculating acceleration, velocity and position by successive integrations. Until now, this profile has been compared to other motion laws (trapezoidal velocity, trapezoidal acceleration, cycloidal, sinusoidal jerk, modified sinusoidal jerk) considering single-input single-output systems. In this work, the comparison is extended to nonlinear multi-input multi-output systems, investigating the application to Cartesian space position control of serial robots. As case study, a 4-DOF SCARA-like architecture with elastic balancing is considered; both an integer-order and a fractional-order controller are applied. Multibody simulation results show that, independently of the controller, the behavior of the robot using the elliptic jerk profile is similar to the case of adopting the sinusoidal jerk and modified sinusoidal jerk laws, but with a slight reduction in the position error (−3.8% with respect to the sinusoidal jerk law and −0.8% with respect to the modified sinusoidal jerk law in terms of Integral Square Error) and of the control effort (−8.2% with respect to the sinusoidal jerk law and −1.3% with respect to the modified sinusoidal jerk law in terms of Integral Control Effort).

The active changeover from the transpression to the transtensional tectonic regime in eastern Alborz, Northern Iran

By fault kinematic approach, this article addresses the clockwise rotation of the South Caspian Basin (SCB) and northeastern Alborz because of Arabian plate collision with Eurasia. The collision is accommodated by the thrust and left-lateral strike-slip faults. One of the essential features of the eastern Alborz is that the active strike-slip faults change from transpressional in the east of Tazareh Syntax to the transtensional in the west of this tectonic node. Therefore, we introduce the Tazareh syntax as the location of this changeover where the two relatively rigid crusts of SCB and Central Iran pinch the Alborz out and make a narrow escape on the way of crustal transformation from east to the west. Indeed, the interaction between Central Iran and SCB acts as an indenter leading to the clockwise rotation of the eastern Alborz. Accordingly, the general transpressional regime in Alborz, Binalud, and Kopeh Dagh that dominated since >5Ma switched to the transtensional tectonic regime over the eastern Alborz in Quaternary while it has remained on the mode of transpression in western Alborz, Kopeh Dagh and Binalud. Therefore, the Tazareh transitional zone represents how a part of the fold and thrust belt resumes different deformational patterns concerning the other component (s) in its evolutionary history. In a brief comparison, if the Zagros fold and thrust belt could be compare to the initial stage of the Himalayan fold and thrust belt, the Iranian plateau (including eastern Alborz) looks like a prototype of the Tibetan plateau.

The Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Heritage Buildings: A Holistic Methodology for Masonry Churches

ABSTRACT The seismic vulnerability assessment of monumental buildings is a complex task. Several uncertainties mine the reliability of evaluations. Within historical buildings, churches appear as particularly vulnerable objects, prone to instabilities and collapse when undergoing seismic loads. Global and local collapse mechanisms related to in plane and out-of-plane response of walls, respectively, are commonly observed in existing masonry buildings subjected to a seismic event. The main cause is the lack of strong connections among orthogonal walls and between walls and floors, which does not allow a global box-type behaviour of the building. This paper shows an approach to evaluate the vulnerability of churches based on a three-step analysis with increasing detail. The first step is a large-scale analysis to be applied to sets of churches, based on a simplified form comparing 28 mechanisms that can be activated by seismic events. The second step is referred to the evaluation of single churches and related, based on a kinematic approach, to the possibility to have out-of-plane mechanisms. The third step is based on the results of numerical models. It is useful to evaluate the behaviour in detail of some macroelements and to validate the obtained results in the first two steps.

An Inverse Kinematics Approach for the Analysis and Active Control of a Four-UPR Motion-Compensated Platform for UAV–ASV Cooperation

In the present day, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology is being used for a multitude of inspection operations, including those in offshore structures such as wind-farms. Due to the distance of these structures to the coast, drones need to be carried to these structures via ship. To achieve a completely autonomous operation, the UAV can greatly benefit from an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) to transport the UAV to the operation location and coordinate a successful landing between the two. This work presents the concept of a four-link parallel platform to perform wave-motion synchronization to facilitate UAV landings. The parallel platform consists of two base floaters connected with rigid rods, linked by linear actuators to a top mobile platform for the landing of a UAV. Using an inverse kinematics approach, a study of the position of the cylinders for greater range of motion and a workspace analysis is achieved. The platform makes use of a feedback controller to reduce the total motion of the landing platform. Using the robotic operating system (ROS) and Gazebo to emulate wave motions and represent the physical model and actuator system, the platform control system was successfully validated.

Search for heavy neutral leptons using tau lepton decays at BaBaR

This article presents a model-independent search for an additional, mostly sterile, heavy neutral lepton (HNL), that is capable of mixing with the Standard Model τ neutrino with a mixing strength of |Uτ4|2, corresponding to the absolute square of the extended Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix element. Data from the BABAR experiment, with a total integrated luminosity of 424 fb−1, are analyzed using a kinematic approach that makes no assumptions on the model behind the origins of the HNL, its lifetime or decay modes. No significant signal is found. Upper limits on |Uτ4|2 at the 95% confidence level, depend on the HNL mass hypothesis and vary from 2.31×10−2 to 5.04×10−6 (with all uncertainties considered), across the mass range 100<m4<1300 MeV/c2; the more stringent limits being placed at higher masses.3 MoreReceived 21 July 2022Accepted 13 September 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.052009Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasBaryogenesis & leptogenesisExtensions of fermion sectorNeutrino interactionsNeutrino oscillationsParticle dark matterParticles & Fields