Kind Of Space Research Articles

A Proof to a Hypothesis: Unit Commodity Value Is Directly Proportional to Productivity of Labour

The two mainstream viewpoints think that a unit commodity value is inversely proportional to the productivity of labour, which is named “inversely-proportional-theory.” The first one defines the value as the labour time, and defines the magnitude of the value of a unit commodity as the labour time embodied in a unit commodity, then defines the productivity of labour as the production of use value in unit labour time, thus the magnitude of the value of a unit commodity is inversely proportional to the productivity of labour; the second one defines the unit value as the quantity of human labour in the abstract embodied in a unit commodity, then defines the productivity of labour as the production of use value by unit human labour in the abstract, therefore the magnitude of the value of a unit commodity and the productivity of labour are inversely proportional to each other. In the first one, the unit value and the productivity of labour are both put into the concrete labour space; while in the second one, the production in the concrete labour space and that in the abstract labour space are confused. Thus, both of them cannot form a transition between the abstract labour space and the concrete labour space. If the two kinds of space are distinguished, we will find the magnitude of the value of a unit commodity is directly proportional to the productivity of labour, which is called “directly-proportional-theory.”

Typology of social space in Kauman Kampong Semarang

Social space is various forms of spaces used by community in conducting social interaction. These kinds of spaces should be given more attention since they serve as catalyst in the implementation of good social cohesion in community. The effort includes giving concern toward their various implemented form. This concern will give benefits in the creation of resilient built environment. Kauman Kampong in Semarang, is an old urban kampong and still exist up until now. During its development, the inhabitant live and conduct their activities in good shape. Therefore this kampong is an appropriate place to learn and explore social spaces which is formed and utilized by the community who conduct their activities in this kampong. The aim of this research is to find out forms and typology of social space in Kauman Kampong in Semarang. Qualitative method is used in this research since the nature of this research is explorative. There are various social activities in Kauman Kampong in Semarang, such as religious, trading, and other social interaction, which have formed various social spaces. These social spaces have their own physical characteristics and with various intensity of activities. Based on collected data in field survey, the typology of social spaces that could be inferred are: permanent, temporary, and dynamic social space.

Logical space and the origins of pluralism in logic

The fact that there is a plurality of systems that we call logics makes it requisite to attempt an explanation and thorough evaluation of the role of logic. I exploit the analogical development towards the pluralism of geometry to show that both disciplines are about some kinds of space which they explicate and that we can choose with some freedom the tools for engaging in an enterprise of these disciplines. After revisiting the development of non-classical (i.e. non-Euclidian) geometries, I present logical expressivism, as coined by Robert Brandom, and, returning again to geometry, show that an analogous doctrine of geometrical expressivism can also provide a viable account of the nature and purpose of the discipline and the reasons for plurality of both geometries and logics.

Urban Picnic: Reaction among actors as spatial mechanism of urban space

Picnic Activity plays a role in enhancing the quality of life of urban residents. The objective of this research is to reveal spatial mechanism and taxonomy of urban spaces through spatial experience. We use affordances from Gibson (1986) as a theoretical lens. Bodily experience approach from Pallasmaa (2012) and Lepori and Franck (2000) as method for collecting data. To analyze the data we use the qualitative and grounded theory. The finding is the reaction among actors as spatial experience exhibits spatial mechanism and taxonomy of urban spaces into a new kind of spaces.

Mannerist Fiction: Pathologies of Space from Rabelais to Pynchon. William Donoghue. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. Pp. 185.

<i>Mannerist Fiction: Pathologies of Space from Rabelais to Pynchon</i>. William Donoghue. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. Pp. 185.

Solidarity between Generations- Designing Age-Friendly

In the global political context, a new voice is making itself heard -the third age voice, highlighting the necessity of changing the common perception related to actual aspirations and needs of this category of age. The concern in this direction has been materialized with the recommendation, made by the World Health Organization (W.H.O.), on an alternative policy framework. This new approach is founded on the concept of active ageing and proposes a breach between age and dependency. A healthy society must offer the same level of freedom and control of everyday life, to all its members. Therefore, barriers must be overcome, both regarding the institutional, the infrastructure and last but not least, the educational ones. Architecture has the task of providing a built environment that can sustain this philosophy of life. But a legitimate question arises: what kind of space is suitable for this goal? So far, Romanian authorities have not sufficiently analysed the problem of an active, healthy ageing. Sociological studies carried out in recent years in our country, on samples of relevant age in this matter, concluded that the elderly shows an increased interest in terms of social reintegration. This article briefly reviews the major aspects of current civic perception of what it means to be older. Conclusions are then drawn toward overcoming the general level of superficial thinking, and taking into account the new profile of the senior citizens. How to cite: Driscu, M.C., Tudora, A.C., & Tudora, G. (2017). Solidarity between Generations - Designing Age-Friendly. Postmodern Openings, 8 (2), 40-50. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/2017.0802.03

Creative workspaces – a fad or making real impact?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the current trend of designing workspaces to foster creativity. The paper brings forth themes that seem to be connected with the so-called ‘creative workspaces’. The paper discusses how the findings relate to recent theory and research. Finally, the paper develops propositions to further elaborate the issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts an inductive and social constructionist approach. In all, 40 internet pictures of workspaces claimed to be creative among a broad range of industries and companies which were analyzed through an aesthetic lens and compared to what theory and research about organizational creativity and space inform us.FindingsThe designs of ‘creative workspaces’ follow a rather standardized and deterministic assumption of what kind of spaces are considered to produce creativity: open offices, happy, playful communities of close-knit teams and spatial arrangements that resemble home, symbols and memories, sports, technology and nature. This view of creativity and workspaces remains a management fad unless a more balanced approach to the issue is assumed.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is not to be representative and the findings generalizable as such, but to bring forth the phenomenon. This exploratory and inductive approach calls for a systematic study to prove the propositions in a more controlled research setting and with a bigger sample.Practical implicationsThe paper makes a few suggestions of what companies should pay attention to when building workspaces to improve organizational creativity – and to overcome the fad.Social implicationsThe proposed end-user perspective may ultimately save costs, if people can voice their needs on the space arrangements from the beginning and throughout the building process, not only after the spaces are fully complete, as is typically the case.Originality/valueThe paper provides a critical view on the trend of building work spaces to purposefully enhance organizational creativity. It brings forth themes that are connected to creativity and workspace designs and suggests that more nuances are involved in the issue.

LA CIUDAD COMO PROBLEMA DE REPRESENTACIÓN Y CONOCIMIENTO: LA MIRADA URBANA DE LA EXPEDICIÓN NAVAL ASTRONÓMICA NORTEAMERICANA DE J. M. GILLISS, SANTIAGO DE CHILE EN TORNO A 1850

Este artículo analiza tres registros de Santiago de Chile producidos en torno a 1850 por la expedición naval astronómica norteamericana al mando del teniente James Melville Gilliss: una vista panorámica, captada desde el cerro Santa Lucía, un plano de la planta de la ciudad y un texto. El propósito de este análisis es identificar la mirada urbana que —pensamos— subyace en estos registros. Con este fin, se estudia su organización en términos de imágenes y se las pone en relación con otros registros de la época para comprobar sus grados de verosimilitud. Con ello se intenta indagar en la capacidad que tienen ciertas imágenes para penetrar en el conocimiento de aquello que pretenden representar, en este caso, una ciudad específica. Capacidad que puede asociarse con la noción de inteligir, que denota la aprehensión de la estructura subyacente en el espacio. ¿Cómo vieron y comprendieron Santiago de Chile los miembros de la expedición astronómica desde el observatorio que instalaron en lo alto del cerro Santa Lucía? En primer término, guiados por el nuevo ethos de la práctica científica: la observación; sumado al estricto rigor metodológico y al soporte instrumental de su propia disciplina, la astronomía. Mas no por ello fueron insensibles a la hora de identificar otras formas de orden, ni menos indiferentes a modos más sutiles de organización, pues también entendieron que el orden que comenzaba a exhibir la capital de la naciente República era consecuencia de aquel que estaban estableciendo las nuevas instituciones en su despliegue sobre el territorio, a través del cual, como sabemos hoy, se daba forma a un nuevo tipo de espacio.

Flat puppets on an empty screen, stories in the round Imagining space in wayang kulit and the worlds beyond

The puppets are flat, the screen against which they are placed and moved is white and devoid of scenery. In what kinds of space do the stories of the classical shadow-play of Java, Bali, Lombok, and the Malay world unfold despite this double flatness? How do performers use not only puppets and screen but also music and language to bring space into being? What must spectators know and do to make sense of these storytelling techniques? As a contribution to the narratological study of the multimodal making of storyworlds, I demonstrate that wayang kulit caters for different degrees of interpretive competence, which yield different understandings of the space that wayang portrays. An expert way of apprehending space requires seeing beyond the screen, puppets, and silhouettes, or even looking away from them. At the same time the peculiar ways of narrating space in wayang point to a deeply felt spatiality in real-life contexts as well.

The Church of Clérigos in Porto as a Baroque Musical Instrument

This paper considers the Clerigos ensemble in Porto—constituted by the Church, the Hospital, and its iconic Tower—as a powerful Baroque instrument. First, in addition to the ordinary chimes that commanded daily activities in the town, the architectonic and symbolic value of the Tower is underscored by the music produced by its impressive bells. Second, we have the actual heart of the instrument, the Church-Oratory: an acoustic box resulting from the oval plan of the nave and the corresponding dome, with two organs in its head (the apse), symmetrically placed with respect to the main longitudinal axis of the building. I will stress that this kind of space, brought to Portugal by architect Nicolau Nasoni in 1731, conveyed the idea of an Oratory and the musical performance associated with it, and that, significantly, the Oratorians were linked to the chosen plan for Clerigos.

Where His Feet Had Trodden: The Space of the “Eastern” Carpet in Hans Memling’s Saint John Altarpiece

“The heterotopia,” Michel Foucault writes, is “capable of juxtaposing in a single real place several places, several sites that are in themselves incompatible.” This paper argues for a heterotopic understanding of the Oriental carpet in its depicted form within Hans Memling’s paintings of Christ and Mary. Memling’s painted carpets are imagined territorially and to introduce a different kind of space into images otherwise tentatively whole. Such an understanding not only pushes against a narrative in which Eastern objects in Northern interiors primarily suggest a flourishing economy but also demonstrates the painted carpet’s participation in the tradition of virtual pilgrimage and the Holy Land relic. Though far from sacred in its domestic use in Northern Europe, the carpet achieves a latent symbolic function when represented in Memling’s painting. It is transformed into a generalized relic of walking and marks a moment of encounter between a holy body and an object made thereby holy too.

RESTORAN DENGAN KONSEP SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

Human as social being require a place where they can gather and interact each other. With that kind of space, they can improve or increase the life quality of every individual, or maybe it will add a new value for them. A restaurant is an example where people can gather and interact. The Garden Space is a restaurant with a concept to improve social and environment quality. So the design should answer and supporting restaurant’s concept. Sustainable design’s principle applied to support restaurant’s value of social and environment. The the architecture and interior design was inspired by the beauty of the modern contemporary design and it can be seen on the outside and inside the building. Skylights are designed to reduce the use of artificial lighting on midday and afternoon. Rainwater storage is used to minimise the use of water, and it is applied in the toilet’s urinal. There is also a hydroponic garden, a place where customer will be educated and they can interact with nature.

Television programming during late francoism: propaganda in entertainment and disclosure emissions

The goal of this communication is to determine the extent to which the television programming supported the Spanish government image during Late-Francoism. This period symbolically started with the designation of Juan Carlos de Borbon as the natural successor of Franco in 1969, and ended with the death of the dictator. The object of study are the programming lists (the grills), as the primary source. The hypothesis is that the official television message was to show that modernity had come to Spain. The analysis aims to identify what kind of spaces were intended for that purpose. In this period a timid cultural openness begins. The formative spaces were quite limited and the only ones who remained were the programs focused on the divulgation of the Catholic faith. All these elements are no different from other European countries. The only exceptions were the newscasts, which maintained a tight control until the end, when morally controversial themes or criticisms to the Regimen were concerned.

Reading Some Fragments From the Work of Muriel Dimen, or Contradictions on the Spicy Side

ABSTRACTMy piece is concerned with some of Muriel Dimen’s feminist writing of the 1980s and her bold and unyielding pleasure in elaborating a sexual politics rooted in an acceptance of the proliferation of sexual diversities and the ambivalent relations of feelings and theories that so marked the moment. Between subjective narrative, social theory and psychoanalysis Muriel found a new kind of space for a feminist enunciation that could be undertaken while wearing extravagantly lascivious red lizard skin shoes.

The evaluation of the urban parks in Konya province in terms of quality, sufficiency, maintenance, and growth rate.

Nowadays, the understanding of physically, socially, and visually sufficient and high-standard outdoor arrangements has begun to appear. The most important ones among this kind of spaces are urban parks which contain many recreational opportunities and facilities together. The aim of this study is to identify the current situation of the urban parks in Konya province and the facilities in the parks in terms of quality, sufficiency, growth rate, and maintenance. The second purpose of the study is to obtain information about the park users' evaluations of the park officers within the context of park visits and information sources of the users related to the parks. Within the context of the study, the questionnaires were conducted by face-to-face interviews with 494 park users. The urban parks in Konya province were evaluated by the park users in terms of quality, sufficiency, maintenance, and growth rate criteria. While 44.1% of the users evaluated the parks as "good" in terms of quality, 4.7% of the users stated that the quality of the parks was "bad." Considering the sufficiency of the urban parks, the findings represent that majority of the users identified the parks as sufficient and 27.9% of them identified insufficient. 44.1% of the users stated that the parks were well maintained and 10.1% considered the parks were badly maintained. The growth rate of the urban parks in Konya was described as "fast" by 48.6% of the users and as "normal" by 29.8% of the users.

Finding the world in the wave function: some strategies for solving the macro-object problem

We look at some strategies for solving the macro-object problem for wave function realism. This is the problem of finding an account of the existence of macroscopic objects assuming a metaphysics in which objects in space-time are not fundamental; rather what is fundamental is the quantum wave function, a field characterized by an assignment of values to points in a much different kind of space, one adequate to realizing the full range of possible quantum pure states.

Topological representation of precontact algebras and a connected version of the Stone Duality Theorem – I

The notions of a 2-precontact space and a 2-contact space are introduced. Using them, new representation theorems for precontact and contact algebras are proved. They incorporate and strengthen both the discrete and topological representation theorems from [5,6,8,9,21]. It is shown that there are bijective correspondences between such kinds of algebras and such kinds of spaces. As applications of the obtained results, we get new connected versions of the Stone Duality Theorems [19] for Boolean algebras and for complete Boolean algebras, as well as a Smirnov-type theorem (in the sense of [17]) for a kind of compact T0-extensions of compact Hausdorff extremally disconnected spaces. We also introduce the notion of a Stone adjacency space and using it, we prove another representation theorem for precontact algebras. We even obtain a bijective correspondence between the class of all, up to isomorphism, precontact algebras and the class of all, up to isomorphism, Stone adjacency spaces.

Parents, permission, and possibility: Young women, college, and imagined futures in Gujarat, India

This article advances critical geographies of youth through examining the spatiality implicit in the imagined futures of young women in rural India. Geographers and other scholars of youth have begun to pay more attention to the interplay between young people’s past, present, and imagined futures. Within this emerging body of scholarship the role of the family and peer group in influencing young people’s orientations toward the future remain underexamined. Drawing on eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork, my research focuses on a first generation of college-going young women from socioeconomically marginalized backgrounds in India’s westernmost state of Gujarat. I draw on the “possible selves” theoretical construct in order to deploy a flexible conceptual framework that links imagined post-educational trajectories with motivation to act in the present. In tracing the physical movement of these young women as they navigate and complete college, my analysis highlights the ways in which particular kinds of spaces and spatial arrangements facilitate and limit intra- and inter-generational contact, and the extent to which this affects young women’s conceptions of the future. I conclude by considering the wider implications of my research for ongoing debates surrounding youth transitions, relational geographies of age, and education in the Global South.

An approximate solution for Volterra integral equations of the second kind in space with weight function

An approximate solution for Volterra integral equations of the second kind in space with weight function

The Practice and Exploration of Shanghai Recreational Trail System Planning

With many years of urban development, Shanghai is experiencing urban transition. During this period, the city has turned from the stage of seeking rapid economic growth to a new stage of seeking ways of urban renewal to enhance urban livability. With leisure time increasing, outdoor recreation has present popular trend and become a typical lifestyle of more and more people. Requirements for diverse outdoor recreational opportunities and pleasant urban public space is getting higher and higher. Based on online public survey, offline interview with outdoor enthusiasts, field research, and comprehensive analysis of other relative plans of Shanghai, selection criteria of existing outdoor public space suitable for recreational trail system are proposed. Five types of trails, three kinds of spaces and fifteen theme lines are carried out to provide diverse choices for the public. Meantime, suggestions on the design level, includes improving pedestrian environment, and increasing the numbers of service facilities, are discussed. The recreational trail system planning of Shanghai provides a systematic way of thinking for the enhancement of public environmental quality and livability in high-density urban area.