Kinds Of Skin Diseases Research Articles

PMANet: Progressive multi-stage attention networks for skin disease classification

Automated skin disease classification is crucial for the timely diagnosis of skin lesions. However, accurate skin disease classification presents a challenge, given the significant intra-class variation and inter-class similarity among different kinds of skin diseases. Previous studies have attempted to address this issue by identifying the most discriminative part of a lesion, but they tend to overlook the interactions between multi-scale features. In this paper, we propose a Progressive Multi-stage Attention Network (PMANet) to enhance the learning of multi-scale discriminative features, so that the model can gradually localize from stable fine-grained to coarse-grained regions in order to improve the accuracy of disease classification. Specifically, we utilize a progressive multi-stage network to supervise feature and classification, thereby fostering multi-scale information and improving the model's ability to learn intra-class consistent information. Additionally, we propose an enhanced region proposal block that highlights key discriminative features and suppresses background noise of lesions, reinforcing the learning of inter-class discriminative features. Furthermore, we propose a multi-branch feature fusion block that effectively fuses multi-scale lesion features from different stages. Comprehensive experiments conducted on two datasets substantiate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in accurately classifying skin disease.

Enhancing Skin Disease Classification: A Novel Approach With Tailored Loss Functions And SMOTE Sumeet Ghumare

Although skin disease like skin cancer is a common health problem worldwide, early identification is crucial to its recovery. By using medical photos, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed the detection of skin diseases. Despite the reality that various deep learning models have been created with this goal in mind, class imbalance in multi class classification all poses a serious difficulty and imbalance among the classes. This work offers a novel strategy to reduce class imbalance in the categorization of skin diseases, leading to significant accuracy gains. One of the largest skin cancer datasets currently accessible, it consists of 33,106 dermoscopy photos from seven different kinds of skin diseases as a starting point. The main goal is to enhance skin disease classification algorithms’ performance on this imbalance dataset. We are going to use a two-pronged strategy to combat the class disparity and GAN (Generative adversarial network) Based Oversampling or Meta-learning in order to successfully equalize the representation of each class during training, we first design a balanced Dynamic Mini-Batch Size logic, SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique) and Augmenter. Second, we provide a new loss function designed to take into account the unique features of the dataset. The outcomes are startling. These findings underscore the efficacy of our hybrid approach in training deep convolutional neural networks for imbalanced skin disease datasets. By combining data-level balancing techniques with a carefully designed loss function at the algorithm level, we address the challenge of among the classes, paving the way for more accurate and reliable skin cancer diagnoses. Key Words: Dermoscopy images, DenseNet169, Convolution neural network, SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique, GAN(Generative adversarial network), Mini-Batch Logic, Augmenter

Deep Learning based Model for Detection of Vitiligo Skin Disease using Pre-trained Inception V3

Skin diseases are commonly identified problems all over the world. There are various kinds of skin diseases, such as skin cancer, vulgaris, ichthyosis, and eczema. Vitiligo is one of the skin diseases that can occur in any area of the body, including the inner part of the mouth. This type of skin can have immense negative impacts on the human body, involving memory issues, hypertension, and mental health problems. Conventionally, dermatologists use biopsy, blood tests, and patch testing to identify the presence of skin diseases and provide medications to patients. However, these treatments don't always provide results due to the transformation of a macule into a patch. Various machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models have been developed for the early identification of macules to avoid delays in treatments. This work has implemented a DL-based model for predicting and classifying vitiligo skin disease in healthy skin. The features from the images have been extracted using a pre-trained Inception V3 model and substituted for each classifier, namely, naive Bayes, convolutional neural network (CNN), random forest, and decision tree. The results have been determined as accuracy, recall, precision, area under the curve (AUC), and F1-score for Inception V3 with naive Bayes as 99.5%, 0.995, 0.995, 0.997, and 0.995, respectively. The Inception V3 with CNN has achieved 99.8% accuracy, 0.998 recall, 0.998 precision, 1.00 AUC, and 0.998 F1-score. Further, Inception V3 with random forest shows 99.9% accuracy, 0.999 recall, 0.999 precision, 1.00 AUC, and 0.999 F1-score values whereas, Inception V3 with decision tree classifier shows an accuracy value of 97.8%, 0.978 recall, 0.977 precision, 0.969 AUC, and 0.977 F1-score. Results exhibit that Inception V3 with a random forest classifier outperforms in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score, whereas for the AUC metric, Inception V3 with a random forest and Inception V3 with CNN have shown the same outcomes of 1.00.

Effective machine learning-based skin disease diagnosis using PyTorch

The application of machine learning in medical diagnosis has become a trend in research. Skin infection is one of the most seen diseases and one of the world’s most infectious diseases, influencing people of all ages. The reason for the explicit attention of the researchers in skin detection is due to the reason that skin disease is more visible compared to any other disease. In the past, varied methods have been proposed, which have rendered remarkable results. However, the presently functional models are trained on specific kinds of diseases and are limited to 4 to 5 classes, which is inefficient in detecting a large set of diseases. The paper offers a weightless model for detecting 23 different kinds of skin diseases. The model is trained on the PyTorch backend, which gives the flexibility of developing an algorithm. The model attained 96.37% accuracy on training data, and 87.75% accuracy on test data, which is expected to improve as the size of the dataset is increased.

APPLICATION FOR SKIN DISEASE DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM USING CONVNET

Skin disease among humans has been a common disease, millions of people are suffering from various kinds of skin diseases. Usually, these diseases have hidden dangers which lead to not only lack of self- confidence and psychological depression but also lead to a risk of skin cancer. Medical experts and high- level instruments are needed to diagnosis these skin diseases due to non-availability of visual resolution in skin disease images. The proposed framework includes deep learning techniques such as CNN architecture and three predefined models called Alex Net, ResNet, InceptionV3. A Dataset of images with seven diseases has been taken for the Classification of Skin diseases. They include diseases like Melanoma, Nevus, Seborrheic Keratosis etc. The dataset was extended by adding images having cuts and burns, which were classified as skin disease by most of the existing systems. The usage of Deep Learning algorithms has reduced the need for human labor, such as manual feature extraction and data reconstruction for classification purposes. In this project we develop a use doctor interaction portal to show skin disease prediction module with CNN and doctor appointment booking and user- friendly chat bot. Keywords—Diagnosis, CNN, Alex Net, ResNet, InceptionV3, Deep learning Algorithms, Chatbot.

On solute dispersion in an oscillatory magneto-hydrodynamics porous medium flow under the effect of heterogeneous and bulk chemical reaction

It is well known to all of us that there is a shortage of pure drinking water across the globe. Different types of pollutants (metallic and nonmetallic) mix with the water, and they cause several diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and various kinds of skin diseases, and even it is found that these kinds of particles may cause skin cancer. In the current study, an analytical solution of a two-dimensional convection–diffusion equation is obtained using Mei's multi-scale homogenization technique to investigate the influences of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions on dispersion phenomena of the solute in an oscillatory magneto-hydrodynamics porous medium flow. In the appearance of the applied transverse magnetic field and oscillatory pressure gradient, a mathematical model of magneto-hydrodynamics dispersion between two parallel plates is presented. The analytical expressions of Taylor dispersivity, longitudinal mean and real concentration distributions, transverse concentration distribution, and transverse uniformity rate of the concentration are obtained. Also, the effect of various flow parameters such as Péclet number, Hartmann number, Schmidt number, Darcy number, oscillatory Reynolds number, porous parameter, dispersion time, downstream and upstream locations, chemical heterogeneous boundary reaction, and bulk reaction is discussed. How the transport phenomena of the solute display different natures with the various ranges of Darcy and Hartmann numbers with the aid of homogeneous and heterogeneous boundary reactions are highlighted. To show the effect of the absorption parameters on the transport coefficient, the third-order approximation of concentration is performed. It is seen that the dispersion coefficient (DT1) corresponding to the purely time-dependent flow increases with the enhancement of the Darcy number (Da). Moreover, it is found that as the Hartmann number (M) enhances, the total dispersivity (DT) decreases. Also, the transverse concentration distribution becomes flat for larger values of the Hartmann number. It is noticed that when Da≥1, the transverse variation curve turns into a trimodal distribution from a bimodal. This model may be helpful for separating various metallic and nonmetallic particles from the water to reduce the water pollution.

Cultural Care Analysis of Scabies Disease Based on the Sunrise Theory of the Leininger Model

Scabies are various kinds of skin diseases that often occur in society. Groups at risk of scabies are people who do activities together at the same time and place and pay less attention to personal and environmental hygiene. One of the risk groups is students in an internship, with the incidence of scabies in the last three years recorded at 91.1% of the 374 students who live in internship “X” Ponorogo Regency. This study aimed to analyze cultural care in scabies disease based on the theory of Sunrise Model Leininger.

Contact Dermatitis: Classifications and Management

Contact dermatitis (CD) is a common inflammatory skin disease caused by exposure to contact allergens and irritants. It is also the most common reason of occupational dermatitis and contributes greatly to hand dermatitis and facial dermatitis. Besides the two major forms of contact dermatitis: allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis, other subtypes of CD have been recognized including immediate skin reactions, photoinduced contact dermatitis, systemic contact dermatitis, and non-eczematous contact dermatitis. CD is a great imitator which can mimic many kinds of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, and angioedema. For the diagnosis of CD, a complete medical history, including occupational history, is very important. It can give a clue of CD and provide a list of suspected substances. Besides the well-known diagnostic test, patch testing, there are many other diagnostic tests can be used to help diagnosis of CD and identify the causative allergens, including photopatch test, skin tests for detecting of immediate contact reactions, serum allergen-specific IgE test, and qualitative and quantitative testing of allergen in the suspected materials patients exposed to and challenge test. Before the treatment, the suspected irritants or allergens should be avoided completely. This includes both the removal of the patient from the environment that contains those substances and the promotion of the metabolism and expulsion of the allergens that have been absorbed by the body. In addition, it is also important to restore the skin barrier and reduce skin inflammation through multiple treatments, such as emollients, topical corticosteroids, and antihistamines, as well as systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Early and appropriate treatments are important to prevent further deterioration and persistence of the skin condition.

Skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study: a cross-sectional study.

Background:The prevalence of skin diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prominent around the world. The current scope of knowledge regarding the prevalence of skin diseases and comorbidities with type 2 DM (T2DM) is limited, leading to limited recognition of the correlations between skin diseases and T2DM.Methods:We collected 383 subjects from the Da Qing Diabetes Study during the period from July 9th to September 1st, 2016. The subjects were categorized into three groups: Normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of skin diseases were recorded and investigated.Results:In this cross-sectional study, 383 individuals with ages ranging from 53 to 89-year-old were recruited. The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 93.5%, and 75.7% of individuals had two or more kinds of skin diseases. Additionally, there were 47 kinds of comorbid skin diseases in patients with T2DM, of which eight kinds of skin diseases had a prevalence >10%. The prevalence of skin diseases in NGT, IGT, and T2DM groups were 93.3%, 91.5%, and 96.6%, respectively; stratified analysis by categories showed a statistically significant difference in “disturbances of pigmentation” and “neurological and psychogenic dermatoses”. The duration of T2DM also significantly associated with the prevalence of “disturbances of pigmentation” and “neurological and psychogenic dermatoses”. Subsequently, the prevalence of “disturbances of pigmentation” was higher in males than females in NGT (P < 0.01) and T2DM (P < 0.01) groups. In addition, the difference in the prevalence of “disturbances of pigmentation” was also significant in NGT and T2DM groups (P < 0.01).Conclusions:There was a high prevalence of skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study. To address the skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study, increased awareness and intervention measures should be implemented.

Application and significance of willingness-to-pay in measuring the burden of skin diseases

According to the new biopsychosocial medical model, status and burden of diseases should be evaluated comprehensively, and health-related quality of life can be an important measurement index of the burden of diseases. Conventional assessment methods for health-related quality of life include interval-based assessment methods and preference-based assessment methods (health utilities and willingness-to-pay) . This review introduces willingness-to-pay, and summarizes its applications in skin diseases. However, at present, only a small quantity of small-scale studies are available on willingness-to-pay, with only a few kinds of skin diseases involved. In the application of health-economic assessment of skin diseases, willingness-to-pay can serve as an approximate index of benefit gains, and be more valuable in practice than health utilities (the index of utility gains) . With the increase in health-economic researches on skin diseases, more attention is paid to the willingness-to-pay for skin diseases and other health-economic assessment methods, and large-scale health-economic assessment-related researches are expected to be conducted on more kinds of skin diseases. Key words: Skin diseases; Cost of illness; Quality of life; Willingness-to-pay; Health utilities

Utomated Skin Disease Identification using Deep Learning Algorithm

Dermatological disorders are one of the most widespread diseases in the world. Despite being common its diagnosis is extremely difficult because of its complexities of skin tone, color, presence of hair. This paper provides an approach to use various computer vision based techniques (deep learning) to automatically predict the various kinds of skin diseases. The system uses three publicly available image recognition architectures namely Inception V3, Inception Resnet V2, Mobile Net with modifications for skin disease application and successfully predicts the skin disease based on maximum voting from the three networks. These models are pretrained to recognize images upto 1000 classes like panda, parrot etc. The architectures are published by image recognition giants for public usage for various applications. The system consists of three phases- The feature extraction phase, the training phase and the testing /validation phase. The system makes use of deep learning technology to train itself with the various skin images. The main objective of this system is to achieve maximum accuracy of skin disease prediction.

Prevalence of skin diseases in pre-school children aged 0 - 7 years in 12 cities of China

Objective To investigate the prevalence of skin diseases in pre-school children aged 0 - 7 years in cities of China. Methods From November 2014 to April 2015, 12 cities were chosen as survey spots, and pre-school children aged 0 - 7 years served as respondents. A population-based study was conducted, and 40 vaccination clinics and 80 kindergartens were selected by stratified random sampling. A questionnaire survey and dermatological examination were performed by trained dermatologists. Results A total of 20 033 pre-school children received questionnaires, whose age was 2.41 ± 1.82 years (range, 0.08-6.83 years) . Among these respondents, 7 823 children were found to have skin diseases, with the total prevalence of skin diseases being 39.05% (7 823/20 033) . Additionally, the prevalence of skin diseases reported in the 12 cities from high to low was as follows: 66.96% (612/914, Dalian) , 56.73% (2 310/4 072, Shanghai) , 55.49% (556/1 002, Wuhan) , 49.18% (390/793, Taiyuan) , 47.16% (316/670, Chengdu) , 41.93% (566/1 350, Nanjing) , 41.03% (318/775, Chongqing) , 35.98% (240/667, Hefei) , 33.87% (677/1 999, Shenzhen) , 31.37% (554/1 766, Changsha) , 23.52% (1 107/4 706, Beijing) , 13.42% (177/1 319, Shenyang) . Totally, 40 kinds of skin diseases were investigated, and the 10 most common skin diseases were eczema/infantile eczema/atopic dermatitis (18.71%, 3 749/20 033) , ichthyosis vulgaris (6.25%, 1 253/20 033) , lichen pilaris (5.73%, 1 148/20 033) , diaper dermatitis (5.29%, 1 059/20 033) , papular urticaria (5.25%, 1 052/20 033) , hemangioma/vascular malformation (3.86%, 774/20 033) , pityriasis alba (3.45%, 691/20 033) , infectious skin diseases (2.59%, 519/20 033) , urticaria (1.71%, 344/20 033) and contact dermatitis (0.5%, 100/20 033) . Conclusion The total prevalence of skin diseases among pre-school children in cities of China is 39.05%, and eczema/atopic dermatitis is the most common skin disease. Key words: Child, preschool; Skin diseases; Cross-sectional studies

Skin renewal activity of non-thermal plasma through the activation of \u03b2-catenin in keratinocytes

For recent years, devices that generate non-thermal plasma (NTP) have been introduced into the field of dermatology. Since NTP has demonstrated strong anti-pathogenic activity with safety of use, NTP was first applied to sterilize the skin surface to aid in the healing of various kinds of skin diseases. However, the effect of NTP on skin regeneration has not yet been fully explored. In this study, the effect of NTP on the growth of keratinocytes was tested using the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line and HRM2 hairless mice. Treatment with NTP allowed confluent keratinocytes to escape from G1 cell cycle arrest and increased the proportion of cells in S and G2 phases. In particular, NTP treatment immediately dispersed E-cadherin-mediated cell-to-cell interactions, resulting in the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus and leading to the enhanced transcription of target genes including c-MYC and cyclin D1. Moreover, repeated treatment of the mice with NTP also stimulated epidermal expansion by activating β-catenin in the epidermal cells. The symptoms of cellular DNA damage were not detected after NTP treatment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NTP may be employed as a new type of skin regenerating device.

Telemedicine in dermatology: findings and experiences worldwide - a systematic literature review.

Telemedicine has become an important element of health care in many countries and profited from the technological progress of the last two decades. Due to the visual character of the dermatological specialty, teledermatology in particular participated in that development and is becoming a major tool in dermatological consultation. The objective of this article was to identify the use of teledermatology across the world based on published original articles. A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases for eligible publications (predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria) and a cross-validation search were conducted. Search results were reviewed systematically. The search resulted in 204 publications meeting the inclusion criteria for analysis. The highest number of published studies on teledermatology was performed in the United States, followed by the United Kingdom, Spain, the Netherlands, Italy and Austria. The majority of dermatological indications for telemedical consultations were not specified or included various kinds of skin diseases, followed by skin cancer and wounds. Research questions predominantly focused on concordance, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness to determine the value. Teledermatology proved to be a reliable consultation tool in the majority of studies. If specified, telemedicine was used in daily dermatological routine for patient management purposes, to consult patients in peripheral locations, or for medical support in nursing homes or home care settings. The application of teledermatology worldwide is highest in North American and European countries, while countries with poor geographical distribution of physicians seem to be under-represented in teledermatological use, as concluded from publication output. Regarding indications, comparison with classic consultation and area of application, most studies were of general nature. For precise determination of the value, systematic studies would be needed. However, teledermatology is already accepted as a valid tool.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Contributes to Benzanthrone-Induced Hyperpigmentation via Modulation of Melanogenic Signaling Pathways.

Benzanthrone (BA), an oxidized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), has been found to be a potential health threat to occupational workers involved in dye manufacturing factories. It has been observed that occupational workers become exposed to BA either during manufacturing, pulverization, or storage and developed various kinds of skin diseases like contact dermatitis, itching, erythema, roughness, and foremost, hyperpigmentation. It has been shown that some environmental organic pollutants (POPs) like dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may act as ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and regulate hyperpigmentation. Here, we hypothesized that BA may also act as a ligand for AhR and possibly regulate the melanogenic pathway to induced hyperpigmentation. Our computation results indicate that BA has a high binding affinity toward AhR for the initiation of melanogenic signaling. Following the in silico predictions, we used primary mouse melanocytes (PMMs) and confirmed that exposure to BA (5, 10, and 25 μM) resulted in an increase in AhR expression, tyrosinase activity, and melanin synthesis. Moreover, to study the physiological relevance of these findings, C57BL/6 mice were topically exposed to BA, and enhanced pigmentation and melanin synthesis were observed. Furthermore, the study was extended to assess the mechanistic aspects involved in BA-induced hyperpigmentation in PMMs as well as in mouse skin. Our results suggest that BA exposure initiates AhR signaling and increases tyrosinase enzyme activity and melanin synthesis. Moreover, the genes that regulate the melanin synthesis, such as TRP-1, TRP-2 and the transcription factor MITF, were also found to be increased. Thus, altogether, we suggest that BA-AhR interactions are critical for BA-induced hyperpigmentation.

HahnemannÂ’s Theory of Psora in the Light of Modern Science

Hahnemann observed that the non-venereal chronic diseases originate from a diseased condition or disposition to disease transferring from generation to generation for thousands of years. He named the diseased condition as Psora behaving as the fostering soil for almost all possible disease. According to Hahnemann Psora developed from suppression of itch disease by external application in ancient times. Hahnemann considered the peculiar cutaneous eruption was the outward manifestation of internal itch disease, the Psora. Therefore, any external treatment to remove the skin manifestation is detrimental to the patient and should be avoided. Some eminent dermatologist’s perspicacious observation reveals that suppression of some kinds of skin diseases result in virulent internal disorder. It is again justified by another instance that under proper homoeopathic treatment of a chronic disease having history of suppressed skin manifestation in the past, the old eruption definitely reappear satisfying Dr. Hering’s law of cure. Health is the result of the dynamic equilibrium among the disease agent, human host and the environment. Human host possessing hereditary factors have an immense role in the production of large number of diseases. Thus to bring cure to any disease especially chronic disease, one should focus one’s attention towards the patient [host] to find out the fundamental cause without ignoring the disease agents and the environmental factors acting as exciting or maintaining cause. Hahnemann’s ‘Theory of Chronic Disease’ serves as a pioneer to the key of ideal cure of innumerable chronic diseases. Until and unless, Miasm [the fundamental cause of all natural diseases] is done away with by dint of antimiasmatic treatment, the permanent cure of chronic disease is not possible.

A New Glycoside from &lt;i&gt;Dryopteris fragrans&lt;/i&gt;

Dryopteris fragrans(L.) schott is a deciduous perennial herb in the genus Dryopteris, used to treat all kinds of skin diseases and arthritis as a folk remedy of Northeast Chinese. A new glycoside was isolated from the aerial parts of Dryopteris fragrans. The structure was elucidated as 6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-ethyl-7-hydroxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one.on the basis of spectroscopic methods and named fragranoside F.

Occupational Health Problems of Women Migrant Workers In Thogamalai, Karur District, Tamil Nadu, India

This research study focuses on Occupational Health problems of Migrant Women Workers. The migrant women workers face several problems such as low wages, health hazards, sexual exploitation and denial of their fundament al rights. Through this study the researcher aims to analyze the life of these migrant women workers. The specific objectives of the study are to identify the occupational health problems and exploitation faced by the women migrant workers and the expectations of the migrant women workers. The research design used for this study is descriptive. The sampling strategy used is simple random through lottery method. Data was collected from 100 respondents using an interview schedule by directly interviewing the respondents. The present study reveals that majority of the respondents (56%) seems to be affected by all kinds of skin diseases. Skin related problems occur because of heavy disposal of sunrays when the workers work in the quarry. Majority of the respondents (59%) say that no availability of the fencing or physical barriers are not available to prevent unauthorized entry. Most of the respondents say (90%) that heat stress, noise, dust related problem, vibration and stress problem are prevalent in the work place and majority of the respondents say that the problems of lighting, radiation, renal, liver and occupational cancers are less due to work. Migrant women workers are not having any basic facilities. They are deprived of their basic rights and are exploited by the contractors. So there is an urgent need for the protection of migrant women workers to overcome these problems.

A Case of Erythroplasia of Queyrat Treated with Imiquimod 5% Cream and Excision

Imiquimod is a new immunomodulating agent with antitumor and antiviral properties that has been shown to be clinically effective in various kinds of skin diseases, including precancerous dermatoses. Erythroplasia of Queyrat is a carcinoma in situ that mainly occurs on the glans penis. There are several non-invasive treatment options for erythroplasia of Queyrat such as photodynamic therapy, cryosurgery and applying various kinds of topical agents. We now report a case of typical erythroplasia of Queyrat on glans penis associated with human papillomavirus type 16 infection that was treated by imiquimod 5% cream and the subsequent excision of an imiquimod-resistant penile lesion.

Roxithromycin antagonizes catagen induction in murine and human hair follicles: implication of topical roxithromycin as hair restoration reagent

Roxithromycin (RXM) is a 14-member macrolide antibiotics, with a variety of bioregulatory functions including anti-apoptotic activity to keratinocytes. Therefore, RXM has been used for many kinds of skin diseases. In this study, human and murine hair follicles were treated with RXM in order to find the possibility to cure hair loss disease such as androgenetic alopecia (AGA). In AGA, dihydrotestosterone signals apoptosis in dermal papilla cells in susceptible individuals, resting in premature termination of anagen and early entry into catagen. Therefore, anti-apoptotitic drug has a possibility of new candidate for AGA. This study revealed RXM antagonized the in vitro inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma on proliferation of keratinocytes and induction of apoptosis in murine and human hair bulb. RXM increases hair elongation and inhibits catagen-like changes induced in vitro with IFN-gamma in murine and human hair follicles. Furthermore, topical 5% RXM solution effectively restores hair growth in about half of individuals with AGA without any local and systemic adverse effects. Therefore, RXM is new candidate as a hair restoration drug for AGA.