Abstract
For recent years, devices that generate non-thermal plasma (NTP) have been introduced into the field of dermatology. Since NTP has demonstrated strong anti-pathogenic activity with safety of use, NTP was first applied to sterilize the skin surface to aid in the healing of various kinds of skin diseases. However, the effect of NTP on skin regeneration has not yet been fully explored. In this study, the effect of NTP on the growth of keratinocytes was tested using the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line and HRM2 hairless mice. Treatment with NTP allowed confluent keratinocytes to escape from G1 cell cycle arrest and increased the proportion of cells in S and G2 phases. In particular, NTP treatment immediately dispersed E-cadherin-mediated cell-to-cell interactions, resulting in the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus and leading to the enhanced transcription of target genes including c-MYC and cyclin D1. Moreover, repeated treatment of the mice with NTP also stimulated epidermal expansion by activating β-catenin in the epidermal cells. The symptoms of cellular DNA damage were not detected after NTP treatment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NTP may be employed as a new type of skin regenerating device.
Highlights
The maintenance of healthy skin requires the continual proliferation and differentiation of the epidermal cells of the skin[1]
We previously reported that Non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment of keratinocytes caused the translocation of E-cadherin from cell border regions to the cytosol[27]
Haertel et al found that NTP treatment on HaCaT cell reduced the E-cadherin positive cells by Fluorescence associated cell sorter (FACS) analysis[29]
Summary
The maintenance of healthy skin requires the continual proliferation and differentiation of the epidermal cells of the skin[1]. The strategy for the acquisition of new skin tissue involves the removal of aged skin tissue using the thermal energy of the laser, which stimulates the remaining tissues to recover through the natural wound healing process. This method is accompanied by several adverse effects, such as pain from the heat, the risk of infection, and erythema[22, 23]. Given that E-cadherin is important for the formation of the skin barrier system and the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation, it has been suggested that NTP treatment might free keratinocytes from E-cadherin-mediated growth inhibition
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