Kinds Of Risks Research Articles

A Study On Risks Involved In Using Different Business Process Tools And Techniques To Manage Them

This paper shows the outcome of the research conducted on risks while using business process tools and techniques applied to manage them. The study aims at getting answers for basic questions about risk management, such as what kind of risks the the businesses are encountering, and how to identify the risks and assess them. Risk assessments are very important as they form an integral part of plan management. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to evaluate the risks in different business processes along with the tools and techniques to manage or minimize the level of risks by adding more control measures as necessary.

Risk Propagation of Concentralized Distribution Logistics Plan Change in Cruise Construction

Compared with the ordinary merchant ship building, the concentralized distribution in cruise building is more complex. Plan change is a common phenomenon in cruise building, and it is easy to lead to mismatch between production and logistics, resulting in risks such as production schedule delay and inventory backlog. In order to reduce the adverse effects of plan change on the shipyard, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study on the risks of a centralized distribution logistics plan. Based on the analysis of the composition of the centralized distribution logistics planning system, risk factors in different plan links are identified in this paper. A system dynamic model is constructed to simulate the propagation of five basic types of planning risk, including procurement plan, warehousing plan, pallet concentralization plan, distribution plan and production plan. In the case study of HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) materials, the values of risk factors are estimated though consulting experts with questionnaire. The weight of each risk factor in each subsystem is calculated by a method combined with analytic hierarchy process and coefficient of variation method. Through the simulation experiments carried out in Vensim, it is found that both inventory backlog risk and cruise construction schedule delay risk increase with the increasement of estimated values of risk factors, which is an effective proof of the rationality of the model, and that the most sensitive risk factor for both the two kinds of risk is production planning risk.

Integrated Deep Auto-Encoder and Q-Learning-Based Scheme to Detect Anomalies and Supporting Forensics in Cloud Computing Environments

The cloud computing environment when deployed correctly is responsible for delivering scalability, cost efficiency, reliability, security and interoperability to the end users. Log analysis is considered to be an indispensable component of security regulations and framework, since these computer-generated records help the organizations, businesses and networks to respond to different kinds of risks that are possible to cloud environment in a reactive and proactive manner. In this paper, an Integrated Deep Auto-Encoder and Q-learning-based Deep Learning (IDEA-QLDL) Scheme is proposed for attaining maximum prediction accuracy during the process of exploring log data and classifying them into genuine and anomalous. It initiates the process of acceptance or denial based on the continuous investigation of behavioral patterns that are highly applicable for classification. The results of the proposed IDEA-QLDL Scheme confirmed its predominance in improving the classification accuracy, precision, recall and detection time compared to the benchmarked schemes considered for investigation.

US-EU Trade War: A New Page from an Old Playbook?

While much of recent trade war scholarship and news commentary has focused on the United States (US)-China trade war, this paper is directed at the less publicized, but longer running US-European Union (EU) trade war. I question whether there is anything actually new in the recent trade war between the United States and the European Union compared to their past trade wars. To make the comparison, the analysis uses a qualitative analytical framework that among other things, looks at four key parameters in the US-EU trade conflict: issue area, form of retaliation, intermingling of international trade policy with foreign policy, and reference to and use of World Trade Organization (WTO) processes. I argue that although the current US-EU conflict differs to some extent from its twentieth century predecessors, it is, in fact, only a new page in the old trade war playbook, thus demonstrating that their recent trade wars are not likely to affect the long-term strength of transatlantic relations. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that today’s US-EU trade war does not pose the same kind of risks that the US-China trade war does.

IOT Based Fire Detection System

Fire Detection Systems are now widely used in various safety and security applications. The major amount of fire starts due to the electric short circuit. It leads to damage to property and also loss of life. To avoid that or to minimize the damage caused by fire outbreaks due to electric short circuits an IoT technology is used to control such a kind of risk. Traditional fire detection systems are not that effective and quick to alert the owner about fire, in case no one is present on the location. To overcome this problem in this paper we present the design and development of IoT based Fire Detection System. A system that combines qualities for fire, temperature and smoke detection, sending alert Text Message about the fire to the user along with onsite alarm(buzzer), updating temperature, humidity and smoke on ThingSpeak cloud every 15 seconds, and it also moves manually with the help of Android Application. The Fire Detection System consists of four main parts: Multiple sensors, communication system (Bluetooth, GSM, NodeMCU), motion planning (Manual patrolling), and Android application for manual patrolling of the system. This Fire Detection system can be used in college, school, office, and industry for safety purposes.

REGIONAL PECULIARITIES OF THE PANDEMIC IN GEORGIA AT THE INITIAL STAGE OF THE CORONAVIRUS

Aspects of behavior and functioning of every state, social institute, human are rapidly changing in the modern world. The pandemic occurring at the current stage of societal life has had an essential impact on the development of the society. This was reflected in the changes of humans’ sociological, economic, psychological, educational, cultural and other types of behaviors. In the fight against the global pandemic we notice a societal regress and therefore a wide study of the societal losses caused by the pandemic and coming up with preventive measures on the global as well as regional scale occupy an important place on today’s agenda. Gradually, an opinion to the effect that the world will change and never be the same takes root in a society. Consequently, scientists must answer the following questions coming from the society: how will the coronavirus develop and reach its end, will there be other waves of the virus and how much more dangerous can they be compared to the first one? What will be the new format of the fight against it? How will economy, education, science and culture develop? What kinds of risks and threats are expected to rear up in the world, on its certain continents, countries, etc.? The issue is all the more pressing and urgent not only because of the display of the pandemic’s peculiarities today and in the previous period with regard to various fields of societal development, but also as a result of the need to analyze the possible scenarios and trends of the post-pandemic period in regional perspective. The above-mentioned indicates the necessity of establishing the newest interdisciplinary field of science – pandemology. The fact of the matter is that as opposed to the existing science field of epidemiology, the research object of pandemology is broader and is derived from the global character of pandemics. Epidemiology belongs to the sphere of medicine whereas pandemology has to study not only medical domain but also the consequences caused by economic, demographic, sociological, psychological and other types of behavioral changes itself occasioned by the pandemic on the global scale as well as differentially, according to certain continents and countries. In this regard, we present regional peculiarities of the results of a research conducted in some fields of pandemology, namely, sociology of pandemics and economy of pandemics in Georgia at the initial stage of the coronavirus. Against the background of risk perception and knowledge of the threat of pandemic, the article discusses the self-preservative preventive behavior of the population. It further analyzes the results of the population’s self-caring and economic behavior under those social-economic conditions which are brought about by the pandemic.

REGIONAL PECULIARITIES OF THE PANDEMIC IN GEORGIA AT THE INITIAL STAGE OF THE CORONAVIRUS

. Aspects of behavior and functioning of every state, social institute, human are rapidly changing in the modern world. The pandemic occurring at the current stage of societal life has had an essential impact on the development of the society. This was reflected in the changes of humans’ sociological, economic, psychological, educational, cultural and other types of behaviors. In the fight against the global pandemic we notice a societal regress and therefore a wide study of the societal losses caused by the pandemic and coming up with preventive measures on the global as well as regional scale occupy an important place on today’s agenda. Gradually, an opinion to the effect that the world will change and never be the same takes root in a society. Consequently, scientists must answer the following questions coming from the society: how will the coronavirus develop and reach its end, will there be other waves of the virus and how much more dangerous can they be compared to the first one? What will be the new format of the fight against it? How will economy, education, science and culture develop? What kinds of risks and threats are expected to rear up in the world, on its certain continents, countries, etc.? The issue is all the more pressing and urgent not only because of the display of the pandemic’s peculiarities today and in the previous period with regard to various fields of societal development, but also as a result of the need to analyze the possible scenarios and trends of the post-pandemic period in regional perspective. The above-mentioned indicates the necessity of establishing the newest interdisciplinary field of science – pandemology. The fact of the matter is that as opposed to the existing science field of epidemiology, the research object of pandemology is broader and is derived from the global character of pandemics. Epidemiology belongs to the sphere of medicine whereas pandemology has to study not only medical domain but also the consequences caused by economic, demographic, sociological, psychological and other types of behavioral changes itself occasioned by the pandemic on the global scale as well as differentially, according to certain continents and countries. In this regard, we present regional peculiarities of the results of a research conducted in some fields of pandemology, namely, sociology of pandemics and economy of pandemics in Georgia at the initial stage of the coronavirus. Against the background of risk perception and knowledge of the threat of pandemic, the article discusses the self-preservative preventive behavior of the population. It further analyzes the results of the population’s self-caring and economic behavior under those social-economic conditions which are brought about by the pandemic.

Optimal capital allocation principles considering capital shortfall and surplus risks in a hierarchical corporate structure

When allocating a given total capital among main business lines and their sub-business lines, a decision maker will face both capital shortfall risk and capital surplus risk for each business line. There is a trade-off between the two kinds of risks. To balance such two kinds of risks in main business lines and their sub-business lines, we propose a capital allocation model considering both capital shortfall risks and capital surplus risks in a hierarchical corporate structure. We derive optimal allocation principles as solutions that minimize a general loss function that balances the shortfall and surplus risks. As applications of the proposed model, a general proportional allocation principle in the presence of a hierarchical corporate structure is derived. It is illustrated that the general proportional allocation can be viewed as the unique solution minimizing a specified loss function in the proposed model. Connections between this proposed model and some risk factors, such as dependence, extreme events, exogenous risks, and risk measures, are discussed.

Corporate Governance and Risk Management on Listed Banks, The Tanzania Perspective

The study was to assess on corporate governance and risk management in Tanzania. The study was guided by three objectives which were to assess if transparency, disclosure and audit have significant effect on risk management of the firm, to assess if the board of directors have significant effect on risk management of the firm and evaluate if the ownership structure have significant effect on risk management of the firm. Furthermore, we assess how corporate governance and particularly board of directors, ownership structure, transparency disclosure and audit can affect risk management practices in the context of Dar es Salaam stock exchange listed banks. By the use of a content in analysis approach, the level of exposing the risks in terms of likelihood, consequences of such risk and the strategies used for managing that risk were identified for each kind of risk by using attributes. The results show that corporate governance is related to board of directors, ownership structure, transparency, disclosure and audit play a positive significant and crucial role in establishing an integrative risk management approach. The results from data collected demonstrate that corporate governance has positive significant effect in determining the the good quality of risk management through the level of risk-taking in decisions, especially in terms of financial risks management.

A Comprehensive Security Framework Proposal to Contribute to Sustainability

Well-known international security frameworks try to eliminate or mitigate different kinds of risks on the assets covered by their scopes (e.g., people, goods, information, and reputation). To date, to the best of our knowledge, any of these approaches neither provide a comprehensive perspective on security (considered as the merge of physical and logical security) nor consider sustainability as one of the levers for their design, implementation, and execution. This work presents a comprehensive security proposal through a framework that fits to the organizational security needs and contributes to the achievement of the sustainability objectives of an organization by avoiding duplicities and large security gaps from disjointed approaches. The work is supported by a methodology, which is the result of the wide and long work experience of the co-authors on security over the years in different organizations, businesses, and scopes. As it is shown in the theoretical exemplification included in the paper, the proposed framework combines the complementary and joint action of various actors for the protection of assets capable of achieving efforts and dedication efficiency, by merging the aspects of physical and logical security.

Impact of Gercus Formation Erosion and Rock Sliding on Duhok Dam Reservoir – Northern Iraq

The environmental impact was illustrated by rockslide and erosion on the Duhok Dam and its reservoir. The evaluation of the geotechnical characteristics of the Gercus Formation was conducted. The research plan was divided into three phases, field, laboratory, and office works. The fieldwork included studying all the geological phenomena of the region related to the environmental impact. The laboratory work focused on studying the geotechnical properties of the various rock samples taken from the Gercus Formation. Rocklab program was used to define the geotechnical properties of a rock mass. The results indicated the weak resistance of the Gercus Formation rocks to weathering and erosion processes, as well as their weak resistance to sliding. These results indicate a kind of risk for this formation on the stability of the dam, as well as its effect on the size of the reservoir storage, due to erosion and deposition of huge amounts of sediments in the dam reservoir.

Scenario Modeling in Health System Management Perm Region (Part 1)

The article is devoted to the problems of scenario modeling in relation to solving a number of problems of managing the health care system of the Perm Territory, which in recent years has attracted attention by the development of a number of promising projects to develop this industry, to expand the availability of medical services and to improve the level of medical care for the population. Since any good-quality project must be directly linked not only to the future periods of its implementation, but also be scientifically justified in terms of insuring all kinds of risks and threats that will stand in the way of the successful completion of the project, recently all kinds of projects, programs and plans are often developed are created using the so-called scenario approach. Several options for the development of events with this approach are offered to the appropriate circle of leaders or the power structure for the subsequent adoption of an appropriate management decision.The authors of the article consider the main provisions and principles of the scenario approach using the example of the development of the health care system of a particular subject of the federation, which makes the material proposed for consideration very relevant. The authors also define, as they see it, the main result of improving the industry in the form of a target and a national goal — the expected (upcoming) life expectancy of the population of the study area. This socio-economic indicator, which has all the signs of fatefulness, is considered by the authors to be a priority analytical indicator of the level and quality of an effective life of a Russian. The latter determines the purpose of this study.The authors consider the construction of dynamic multivariate models of industry development options for a period of up to three years to be an efficient tool for analyzing and forecasting this indicator, which is presented in the article in the form of five simultaneous equations of multiple regressions. The results of this construction are continued by discussion, and the article ends with the list of the conclusions. The authors also inform the reader about the further direction of their scientific research.

Enterprise Risk Management and Firm Performance: A Financial Sector Analysis of Pakistan

Enterprise faces many kinds of risks and therefore the attention differs across institutions and organizations. Risk as an event that will influence the performance of a corporation as well as environmental risks, moral problems and social problems. Furthermore, risk or uncertainty as a broad and well-organized structure for managing different kinds of risks like credit, operational, marketplace, operative, economical or capital risks and risk transmission to maximize organization worth. The research analysis the different performance indicator of firm, enterprise risk management and their effect on firm performance. The secondary data on Commercial Banks, Foreign Banks, Investment Banks, Insurance Companies, Development Finance Institutions (DFIs), Leasing Companies, Mutual Funds, Modaraba Companies and Housing Finance Companies are collected from Financial Statement Analysis (FSA) from 2008 to 2016 provided by Statistics and DWH Department of State Bank, Pakistan. This study used Debt to Asset Ratio (DTA) as dependent variable and dummy of firm performance while Cost to Income Ratio (CTI), Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), Equity to Asset Ratio (ETA), Enterprise Value to Asset Value (EVTAV), Leverage (LVG), Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) and Return on Equity (ROE) are used as independent variables. The research found long run relationship among the variables. OLS Regression Test that Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) implementation, Equity to Asset Ratio (ETA), Enterprise Value to Asset Value (EVTAV), Leverage (LVG), Return on Capital Employed (ROCE), Return on Equity (ROE) have significant effect on performance of financial firms in positive direction while Cost to Income Ratio (CTI) have insignificant impact on performance of financial firms.

Ukraine as a Society of Risk (Proof Based on the Theory of National Security)

The purpose of the article. Identify the nature of challenges, threats, dangers and risks as destructive factors of social, man-made and natural origin; to prove the priority of the category “threat” as a kind of risk in the domestic legislation on national security; to argue the thesis about Ukraine’s belonging to “risk societies”; point to the further complication of the process of producing various threats and challenges against the state and society. Scientific novelty. Based on the use of the current legal framework of Ukraine on national security, the existence of a process of continuous accumulation of risks in key areas of the state and the transformation of Ukrainian society on this basis into a “society of risk” is proved. Emphasis is placed on accelerating this process in the context of the hybrid war launched by Russia against Ukraine in 2014. Social development dictates the need for a clear verbal designation of destructive factors against the interests of the majority (national interests). The terms describing their likely or real impact on society were “challenges”, “threats”, “dangers” and “risks”. The natural step of their substantive definition and meaningful filling was their implementation in the conceptual and categorical apparatus of national security theory. In a broad sense, national security is proposed to be considered a state of protection of national interests and values, both from challenges, threats and dangers, and risks. The most widely used term in Ukraine’s socio-political realities is the “threat” that is widely represented in national legislation on national security. The total number of threats in modern Ukraine is steadily increasing. According to Western analytical developments, the excessive spread of threats in basic social spheres (economic, political, social, spiritual, cultural, etc.) gives reason to qualify Ukraine as a “risk society”. The situation is complicated by the hybrid war being waged by the Russian Federation against Ukraine and other democratic countries. It is advisable to present the modern hostilities initiated by Russia as a process of continuous production of threats (risks), the total effect of which should be the destruction of the Ukrainian statehood. In such circumstances, Ukraine should accelerate the process of development (updating) and practical implementation of key strategic documents – the National Security Strategy, the Military Security Strategy, the Cyber Security Strategy, the Public Security and Civil Defense Strategy, the Strategy for the Development of the Defense Industrial Complex. But for the time being, such documents are either substantially outdated or missing at all. Conclusions. Society, based on its complex nature, built on unity and the struggle of opposites, feels the constant impact of challenges, threats and dangers (risks), which it generates. There are no unified and generally accepted interpretations of challenges, threats, dangers and risks. Each country offers its own formats of their interaction and mutual transformation. The most widely used of these are “threats” (Ukraine) and “risks” (Western countries). The total number of risks in which Ukraine is directly or indirectly involved is steadily progressing. Accordingly, modern Ukraine is a clearly defined “society of risks.” Under the pressure of numerous challenges, threats and dangers, Ukraine as a “society of risks” abandons the unambiguous (linear) formulation of threats to national security inherent in specific public spheres, and their legislative consolidation. The state provides for the preparation and periodic updating of a number of strategies (national security, military security, cybersecurity, other documents), which should contain a list of major threats that currently exist in state and social development. Key words: challenge, threat, danger, risk, national security, hybridization of threats, risk society.

Risk assessment and its influencing factors of involuntary admission in patients with mental disorders in Shanghai, China.

The 'risk criterion' for involuntary admission (IA) has been adopted by Mental Health Law of the People's Republic of China since 2013. How the new legal regulation influences daily practices in psychiatric institutes are still unclear. The present study sought to explore the application of risk criterion in IA cases; especially risk assessed by psychiatrists at admission and its influencing factors. Socio-demographic and clinical data including risk assessment for admission of 3,529 involuntary admitted patients from two typical hospitals in Shanghai from 2013 to 2014 were consecutively collected. Personal information of psychiatrists who made admission assessment was collected separately. Among the 3,529 cases, 1,890 (53.6%) were admitted because of actual harmful behaviors to self or others, while 1,639 (46.4%) were admitted with some kinds of risk, but 265 (7.5%) were admitted without any records on risk assessment checklists. Patients who were unemployed, of younger age, single status, diagnosed with schizophrenia were more likely to be admitted without any records on the checklist. Male gender, older age, and lower professional title are influencing factors that psychiatrists made no risk assessment records. The vast majority (92.5%) of risk assessment in IA patients were qualified in our study. In order to protect the legal rights of patients better, operational and reasonable procedures of risk assessment should be developed, such include more detailed rules to IA, systematic training of psychiatrists on IA assessment, mechanism improving doctor-patient relationship, and alternative mental health services for patients and so on.

Whose intentions? What consequences? Interrogating “Intended Consequences” for conservation with environmental biotechnology

AbstractNovel genetic interventions may offer innovative solutions to environmental conservation challenges, but they also represent new kinds of risks and concerns for diverse publics. Yet, by focusing on potential negative outcomes of emerging technologies like gene editing, their potential utility in species protection could lead to overblown fears of unknown and unanticipated consequences. In response, Revive and Restore organized a workshop in June 2020 entitled, “Intended Consequences,” to highlight conservation successes in the discourse and governance of genomic interventions. This article argues that if we seek to emphasize Intended Consequences to embolden innovative conservation efforts, we must simultaneously query whose intentions are included and what consequences are considered to ensure that environmental goals are accompanied by the goals of responsibility, democracy, and justice. These questions reveal that the governance and management of conservation interventions always rest upon value judgements. Inspired and informed by the Responsible Research and Innovation framework, we encourage anticipation of potential outcomes, reflection on assumptions and intentions, inclusion of diverse stakeholders and perspectives, and a commitment to responding thoughtfully to concerns and preferences of communities and broader publics.

A Man in the Era of Digitalization of Society

Currently, one of the trends in the development of countries is the process of digital transformation, which affects all spheres of society. The transformation of countries’ economies is carried out with the help of such technologies as robotics, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and big data groups. The transformation process, being global, gets its specific name in each country. In Russia, this is “digital economy”, which is defined in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On National goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024” as a strategy for the future development of Russia In Germany, it is “Industry 4.0”, represented by the concept of K. Schwab, in the United States, the concept of transforming society based on digital technologies is called “Industrial Internet Consortium”. In Japan, the Government has developed the “Society 5.0” strategy in conjunction with the Keidanren Association of Japan. The result of the digitalization process will be the creation of a new world based on digital technologies, in which new values and management technologies arise. The purpose of this article is to analyze the digital age as a space for the emergence of digital risks, to identify their impact on modern people. The study uses general philosophical methods that make it possible to describe modern digital civilization. Within the framework of the risk concept, digital risks arising in various spheres of society’s life are described. The positive effects of the development of the digital economy, which forms a new digital world and a new person are highlighted and described. Today, the future of civilization is determined by the development of the digital economy, which determines the basic mechanisms of society’s existence. At the same time, it will be a world filled with various kinds of risks, threats to society, the economy and the individual. The article raises questions related to the impact of the digital economy on a person living in the conditions of the global information space. Keywords: digital economy, digital risks, digital age, risk, digitalization, digital generation, competencies

Risks to the Public

Mini-editorial (PGN) 2020 was a crazy year, with all kinds of risks on display. As usual, many of the lessons noted in past issues of SEN and RISKS have been largely ignored, and failures continue to mirror events from the past that have long been discussed here. Issues such as safety, security, and reliability always seem to need more foresight than they receive. Y2K con- tinues to hit somewhere each New Year's Day, when short- term remediations that demanded periodic upgrading have been forgotten. (I suppose old COBOL code will still ex- ist in year 2100, when there may be ambiguities relating to dates that could be 21xx or 20xx (although 19xx is unlikely), and the narrow windowing xes will fail even more dramati- cally.) Election integrity continues to be a real concern, where we are caught in the crosshairs between computer systems and networks that are not meaningfully trustworthy or au- ditable, and the nontechnological risks are still pervasive from unbalanced redistricting, creative dysinformation, poli- tics, Citzens United, and foreign interference. We need non- partisan scrutiny and defense against would-be subverters to overcome potential attacks and inadvertent mistakes. In pres- ence of potential risks in every part of the process, a strong sense of risk-awareness is required by voters, election officials, and the media (both proactively and remedially, as needed).

The role of technical efficiency, market competition and risk in the banking performance in G20 countries

PurposeRecently, the financial sector has faced significant challenges regarding the market competition, its technical efficiency and risk factors around the globe and gain recent researchers' intentions. Thus, the present study aims to examine the impact of technical efficiency, market competition and risk in banking performance in Group of Twenty (G20) countries.Design/methodology/approachData have been obtained from the World Development Indicator from 2008 to 2019. For analysis purpose, random effect model and generalized method of moments (GMMs) have been executed using Stata.FindingsThe results revealed that market competition and banks' capital efficiency have a positive impact on banking performance, while banks' lending efficiency and non-performing loans have a negative association with the banking sector performance of G20 countries. These outcomes provide the guidelines to the regulators that they should formulate the effective policies related to the lending practices and non-performing loans that could improve the banking sector performance worldwide.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has examined only three economic factors like the technical efficiency rate, market competition and risk element, and their influences on banking institutions' operational and economic performance. But the analysis has proved that except these factors, several factors affect banking institutions' operational and economic performance. Thus, future scholars recommend they analyze all the banking sector areas, pick more factors and enlighten their operational and economic performance influences. Moreover, the author of this article has chosen a particular source for collecting data to meet his study's objective. Only a single piece of software has been applied to analyze data; thus, the data collected for this paper may be incomplete, lack accuracy and reliability. Therefore, the future authors are recommended to use multiple sources to collect data and its analysis to ensure the comprehension, completeness and accuracy.Originality/valueLast but not least, this study with the evidences from the banking sector of G20 countries tries to show on the banking management how the risk element matters in the banking sector in an economy. It makes it clear in which areas the banking institutions may be exposed to the risks, and how much sever different kinds of risks may be. Thus, it motivates the management to set a body of persons within the organization to monitor the risks, to try to avoid them and to overcome the problems created by these risks events.

Smart Smoke Detector

In the past few decades many studies and researches have taken place in order to improve security systems and to increase their level of protection in different fields. One of the major problems that security must deal with is the fire outbreak that can happen in everywhere including houses, schools, factories and many other places, and to avoid that or to minimize the damage caused by fire outbreak an IoT technology is used to control such a kind of risk. IoT is a modern system that consist of sensors and switches connected. In this project we will use temperature sensor known as (Flame sensor) with Arduino device to detect fire outbreak and to measure the amount of heat intensity generated by a fire outbreak or in a specific location in our house, offices and other places. It sometimes takes too much time for the fire station to reach to the fire outbreak location and works on extinguish the fire and so these sensors will work as an early alarm system which will send a notification to our mobile phones if any fire outbreak occurred to let us know the situation clearly and before it’s too late, we act to avoid significant damage in case the fire outbreak was observed after a long time from its outbreak.