Kind Of Reduction Research Articles

Effect of radiation emitted from mobile phone on innate immunity in mice

This present study aims to explore the potential impact of cell phone radiation on innate immunity in mice. Ninety-six male BALB/C mice aged 2–3 weeks were randomly distributed into 4 groups as blank control, control, TD-SCDMA and LTE-Advanced respectively, with 32 mice in each group. Mice were designed to be exposed to cell phone radiation for 4–8 weeks. Eight mice in each group were taken out for measurement given exposure periods were 4, 6 and 8 weeks respectively. Cell biological technique was conducted to assess the chemotaxis of neutrophils, and a morphological method was performed for the detection of phagocytosis of neutrophil and macrophage, while microbiological means was carried out to test the relative activity of lysozyme in serum of mice. As a result, the chemotaxis ratio of neutrophils was with little statistical difference among the four groups given a shorter exposure period. However, the ratios in TD-SCDMA and LTE-Advanced groups were decreased significantly on the condition that the exposure period was more than 6 weeks. No statistical difference was observed among the four groups during the entire exposure period in terms of the chemotaxis index. Phagocytosis of the innate cells as neutrophil and macrophage showed little change in the two control groups during the whole experimental stages, while the percentage in the two treated groups decreased statistically, and this kind of reduction was prone to feature time dependence. The activities of lysozyme in TD-SCDMA and LTE-Advanced groups declined significantly, further to that, the impact was climbing paralleled with the prolonged duration. It could be deduced that radiation from cell phones could weaken innate immunity in experimental mice; moreover, this adverse effect was seemingly more severe as the radiation exposure continued.

MÜASİR İNGİLİS DİLİNDƏ QRAMMATİK ELLİPSİSİ YARADAN MEYARLAR

Criteria for Grammatical Ellipsis in Mordern English Summary In Modern English ellipsis may be more strictly described as grammatical omission in contrast to other kinds of omission in language. Five criteria for ellipsis are distinguished: 1. The missing expression is precisely recoverable. 2. The elliptical construction is defective. Hence the technicalities of ellipsis are not mere technicalities, but have importance in enabling us to make different generalization about what kinds of reduction are possible in English grammar. Key words: ellipsis, anaphora, devlopment, postulate, autosemantic, term

A fundamental challenge. Are the affordances of political science being wasted?

The author recalls the reveries of the times of the creation of the journal Polis. He critically assesses three decades of attempts to nurture the achievements of world political science. He admits that the results of these efforts are far from expectations. The reasons are the haste to act and our miopic vision of the standards of world political science, as well as the awkward backwardness of these standards themselves. The generic trauma of the newly emerging political science goes with the reductive adjusting of evolving practices of political goal- attainment to the straitjacketing models of jurisprudence, philosophy and history. As Ch. Tilly has shown, the corresponding pernicious postulates were questioned only during the glorious twenty years of political science renewal in the 60s and 70s of the last century. These pernicious postulates are related to the reduction of evolving political phenomena to simplistic mechanistic schemes and abstractions. They continue to dominate mainstream political science. As for the alternative possibilities of political science, they require taking into account the spatio-temporal variability of political phenomena and using an expanding and increasingly complex researchapparatus. The author gives a number of examples of such sophisticating renewal, including the treatment of the existence of nations as everyday referendum (Renan), of diverse polities as mestorazvitiya (evo-localizings, lit. place-developments) (Savitsky), of political institutions as conceptual variables (Nettl), of crises as alternating phases of dissynchronization and resynchronization (Almond and colleagues), of center-periphery polarization (Rokkan). The article also mentions the efforts of R. Dahl and F. Schmitter to “save” modern democracy from various kinds of reductions by reinterpreting it in terms of polyarchy and accountability. It refers to the geochronopolitics of G. Modelski and further similar ventures of V. Tsimburski. It also cites efforts of A. Melville and his colleagues in correcting the reductive rendering of the global community of states by extending the factual scope multidimensionality of its analysis. Further cases include the fuller and more multidimensional consideration by G. Tsebelis and R. Putnam of alternative policies and aspirations in terms of nested, two- and multidimensional games, and finally, the efforts of W. Patzelt to instigate an evolutionary morphology of politics.

The Boundary of the Reduction of Citizens’ Right to Education in Major Public Emergencies

The boundary of the reduction of citizens’ right to education in major public emergencies is an important practical issue that adheres to the rule of law principle and the bottom line of social justice. Understanding the constitutional connotation of the right to education and judging whether the major public emergencies represented by the COVID-19 pandemic can provide a legitimate basis for its reduction is an important premise for the study of this issue. According to the relevant provisions of China’s Constitution and laws and the academic research on the connotation of the right to education, the right to education is the basic right of citizens, with the dual attributes of right and duty, freedom and social rights, equality and process. According to the theory of “minimum human rights” and “non-derogable rights”, major public emergencies can provide a certain justification for the reduction of the right to education, but this kind of reduction has a boundary. In constructing the boundary of the reduction of the right to education, the bottom line should be that the substance of the right to education should not be violated, the coordination and unity of the individual interests of educated citizens and the social public interests to curb the spread of the epidemic should be the key, and the principle of proportionality should be the guideline.

Philosophical remarks about educational materials

The connection between a non philosophical work and its reception in education through its transformation into a learning/teaching material and a possible philosophical reading, in order to recognize and define the philosophical stance of this very material, could not but be a challenge for philosophy of education itself, namely, in its relation to (or as) practical philosophy. This kind of reduction to the state of material could instrumentalize the latter raising practical, ethical and methodological issues about the pedagogical intention itself; subsequently, the art, literature, philosophy, and science lying behind materials become equally instrumentalized and evacuated. This article attempts, on the one hand, to circumscribe and describe this movement of “becoming material” as a question philosophically and pedagogically challenging and, on the other, to reflect about a critical understanding of this very question as an example of research in practical philosophy.

Points, Plasticity, and the Logic of Contraction in Alain Badiou and Catherine Malabou

This article presents Catherine Malabou and Alain Badiou as theorists of contraction (a kind of reduction or tightening that accompanies every process of transformation) and its related operations of self-reflexivity and infinite iteration. Trading on these commonalities, the article hopes to draw out Malabou’s and Badiou’s respective formalist commitments. On Badiou’s side, it sharpens the question of what is at stake in something as regulated as a “procedure”; on Malabou’s, it recognizes formal stakes to plasticity that often go unrecognized because of her penchant for biology. The article then concludes with a broad comparison of these two thinkers in terms of their accounts of potential and imagines the critiques each might leverage against the other. Where Malabou might well regard Badiou to be too tightly constraining the shape of the future, Badiou is likely to find in Malabou one more instance of a naïve democratic materialism.

МИХАИЛ БАХТИН: ВОЗРОЖДЕНИЕ АВТОРА

The article presents an analysis of the autobiographical experience of the philosopher and thinker M.M. Bakhtin, done by him in the word, in the oral genre of the utterance. It is shown that, despite the refusal of the philosopher to compose memories of himself, he made a unique experience of oral storytelling, taking place in the Voice. In this context, the author of the article analyzes the main ideas of Bakhtin concerning his concept of the author and the hero through the prism of the problem of autobiography and self-report-confession, in which I and the other are the main architectonic limits. It is presented that Bakhtin himself applied the genre of self-report-confession to his personal experience of telling about himself, choosing for this the appropriate tonality of the story, the tonality of prayer-repentance. The problem of understanding Bakhtin's philosophy is shown, referring to various kinds of reductions associated with the fact that the interpretation of his philosophy takes place within the framework of the interpretation of texts and sketches. At the same time, a participatory understanding of him as an author should consist in hearing through the text his unique intonation, his author's voice.

City Educational Environment in Terms of Anthropopractices of Care. The Idea of a Configurator

The article continues the author’s series of publications aimed at building an educational cultural configurator which ties three themes into a single knot – the sphere of education, the City and the Person. A cross-cutting cultural “glue” of this bundle is the experience of anthropological practitioners of human care for themselves, through which, doing which, a person is becoming his true self. The paper proposes to consider the experience of compiling such a repertoire of anthropopractices of care, which sets the completeness of the care experience. The completeness of the repertoire of anthropological practitioners can be represented only in one cultural image – the image of the City, in which it is possible to build a real educational navigation of a person. Based on the experience of other researchers, the author proposes a configurator that combines the repertoire of anthropopractices of care, the fullness of cultural forms that make up the city space, and the universe of a person’s personality, formed through the experience of the practices of caring in a person. Thus, a cultural invariant is proposed, which can be laid at the basis of various educational programs for human development, overcoming various kinds of reductions that that are inherent in modern educational practice.

Virasoro symmetries of multicomponent Gelfand–Dickey systems

In this paper, we mainly study the additional symmetry and $\tau$ functions of a multi-component Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy which includes many classical integrable systems, such as the multi-component KdV hierarchy and the multi-component Boussinesq hierarchy. With other kinds of reductions, we can derive a B type multi-component Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy and a C type multi-component Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy. In our research, the additional flows of the additional symmetries can not all survive. By calculating, we find that the generator of the additional symmetry of the C type multi-component Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy is different from that of the B type multi-component Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy, while the forms of their surviving additional flows are the same.

Thinking Forgetting Through: Maurice Blanchot, for Example

Much of Blanchot’s thought seeks to undo the safe, secure interiority of early Heidegger. It takes the form of a radical nihilism open to the outside, where a swatch of irredeemable negativity exposes language and being to a corrosive contaminant while effacing all transcendental signifieds. The result is the impenitent-the forgetting that antedates all memory. Yet the trace of the immemorial persists and persistently indicates the beyond being, which is the sacred. A light-hearted unconcern-a kind of reduction of ontic appropriativity-then constitutes a way to (of) the outside, a non-place absolutely lacking in an inside. Metaphorically, the insouciance of casual reading (rather than one that digs for the profundity) offers access to an inaccessible text, a text made inaccessible by the reach for meaning. The sacrifice Blanchot has in mind, in going beyond that of the object of thought, requires a total rehabilitation of thinking. Thought as forgetting becomes the dissembled auto-affection of the outside. Such thinking bears the mark of a primordial affirmation, the sacral Yes.

Perspektywa aksjologiczna w socjologii gospodarczej i ekonomicznej

Axiological studies have been part of sociological research into business activity since the beginnings of the field. But there is still no agreement among scholars as two major concepts that are competing for dominance. One, building on the ideas proposed by Max Weber, advocates the priority of value over instrumental rationality, and it follows the path typical of ideological determinism. The other, with its roots in Karl Marx’s historical materialism, argues for the primacy of matter over mind. What these two have in common is the presence of two aspects, axiological and existential. The difference lies in their position of importance. Each approach makes different kinds of reductions, which are challenged by contemporary socio-economic systems that operate according to post-industrial logic. The goal of this article is to arrive at a new understanding of economic axiology. This understanding must be free from any reductionism that would assign the axiology radically different roles – either as a dependent or independent variable in growth. Economic axiology will be presented as a central category, a product of human interaction, and both a contributor to and an outcome of growth. Last but not least, based on the principle of double morphogenesis, specific economic axiologies will be identified.

Adaptive iterative regularization schemes for two‐dimensional integral‐algebraic systems

The main idea of this paper is to utilize the adaptive iterative schemes based on regularization techniques for moderately ill‐posed problems that are obtained by a system of linear two‐dimensional Volterra integral equations with a singular matrix in the leading part. These problems may arise in the modeling of certain heat conduction processes as well as in the dynamic simulation packages such as compressible flow through a plant piping network. Owing to the ill‐posed nature of the first kind Volterra equation that appears in the system, we will focus on the two families of regularization algorithms, ie, the Landweber and Lavrentiev type methods, where we treat both the exact and perturbed data. Our aim is to work directly with the original Volterra equations without any kind of reduction. Two fast iterative algorithms with reasonable computational complexity are developed. Numerical experiments on a few test problems are used to illustrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed iterative methods in comparison with the classical regularization methods.

Politik Bahasa "Jawa Anyar" dalam Ranah Pendidikan

This study examines about Political language of Jawa Anyar in education on the local content curriculum in Banyumas. The purpose of this study was to clarify the chronological occurrence of the Political language of Jawa Anyar on the local content curriculum in Banyumas, and to evaluate the response of Banyumas community associated with the implementation of the political language. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis. The study results that first, the political language caused by construction and reconstruction of the Political language of Jawa Anyar. The political manifestation of the Political language of Jawa Anyar is due to policy of local local content curriculum at all levels of public education in Banyumas regency. Secondly, the political response of Banyumas community to the Political language of Jawa Anyar is through resistance action as practiced by the school parties, e.g., principal, teachers, students, and cultural community of Banyumas. Third, as a theoretical reflection on the field findings, the author argues that political language is actually the only kind of reduction in the participation of minority language groups.Therefore, the planning effort of Political language of Jawa Anyar as the interest of state apparatus has reduced the participation of minority language groups; in this case, it reduces participation of Banyumas language community.

Politik Bahasa "Jawa Anyar" dalam Ranah Pendidikan

This study examines about Political language of Jawa Anyar in education on the local content curriculum in Banyumas. The purpose of this study was to clarify the chronological occurrence of the Political language of Jawa Anyar on the local content curriculum in Banyumas, and to evaluate the response of Banyumas community associated with the implementation of the political language. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis. The study results that first, the political language caused by construction and reconstruction of the Political language of Jawa Anyar. The political manifestation of the Political language of Jawa Anyar is due to policy of local local content curriculum at all levels of public education in Banyumas regency. Secondly, the political response of Banyumas community to the Political language of Jawa Anyar is through resistance action as practiced by the school parties, e.g., principal, teachers, students, and cultural community of Banyumas. Third, as a theoretical reflection on the field findings, the author argues that political language is actually the only kind of reduction in the participation of minority language groups.Therefore, the planning effort of Political language of Jawa Anyar as the interest of state apparatus has reduced the participation of minority language groups; in this case, it reduces participation of Banyumas language community.

Effect of B, Al and Ga atoms on structures, electrical and optical properties of BeO nanotube

AbstractIn this research, the density functional theory (DFT) method was used to study the structural, electrical, linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of pristine and B, Al and Ga doped BeO nanotube. Slight structural deformation, as the consequence of doping atom presence, was observed. The dipole moment of BeO nanotube was increased in the doping atom presence. In the B, Al and Ga atoms presence, a kind of reduction in Eg of nanotube was observed in which, in the B case, the decrease in Eg was more substantial. In this sense, it is worth noting that higher electrical conductivity is associated with lower Eg. The two CAM−B3LYP and ωB97XD methods were used to calculate the optical properties of pristine and doped BeO nanotubes. It was shown that the polarizability of nanotube was slightly increased in the doping atoms presence. Besides, the B<Al<Ga order was observed for the polarizability increasing. According to the findings of the research, the doping atoms extremely influenced the value of the first hyperpolarizability of BeO nanotube. The results would be useful in designing and constructing new NLO active materials.

A reduction-sensitive thermo-responsive polymer: Synthesis, characterization, and application in controlled drug release

Herein, a novel kind of reduction and thermal dual-responsive polymer was synthesized by direct condensation polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and 3,3′-dithiodipropanoic acid (DTPA). The resulting PEG-DTPA copolymers were soluble in water at room temperature and exhibited reversible thermal-responsive behaviors. The cloud point temperatures of PEG-DTPA copolymers were highly tunable dependent on the polymer concentration and the length of PEG segment. Additionally, the PEG-DTPA copolymers exhibited reduction-responsive behavior due to the presence of disulfide linkage groups in the backbone. This reduction-responsive property allowed the PEG-DTPA copolymers to be used in a drug delivery system. Thus, a triblock copolymer composed of mPEG2k and PEG400-DTPA copolymer was synthesized. The obtained copolymers could self-assemble into spherical micelles and exhibited thermal and reduction dual-responsive structure-variations in aqueous media. Furthermore, the hydrophobic Nile Red was effectively encapsulated into the micelles. The micelles maintained excellent reduction-responsive properties and can release drugs by reduction triggering. These results suggested that the PEG-DTPA copolymer may be promising for use as reduction and thermal dual-responsive drug carriers in cancer therapy.

Dynamics of nonlocal and localized spatiotemporal solitons for a partially nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation

A (3 + 1)-dimensional partially nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation with variable coefficients is considered, and two kinds of reduction are presented. Based on these transformations, via Darboux transformation method and Hirota method, nonlocal and localized spatiotemporal soliton solutions are constructed. In the first kind of reduction, variables x and y are mixed in the single formal variable X; thus, we cannot construct completely localized structures in x and y directions. In order to discuss completely localized structures, we consider the second kind of reduction, where variables x and y are independently included in two formal variables X and Y, respectively. Based on two kinds of reduction and the related solutions, nonlocal and localized spatiotemporal soliton structures are investigated.

Diagenesis and hydrocarbon emplacement in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation tight sandstones in the southern Ordos Basin, China

ABSTRACTThe Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin is a tight sandstone but productive hydrocarbon exploration target. A variety of analyses, including thin-sections, cathodoluminescence (CL), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescence, isotope and fluid inclusion, have been used to analyse the reservoir petrology and diagenesis to understand the evolution of reservoir porosity. The sandstones are mostly feldspathic litharenites and lithic arkoses with low porosities (7.6% on average) and extremely low permeabilities (0.49 mD on average). A complex diagenetic alteration history of the reservoir caused different kinds of reduction in reservoir porosity. The carbonate cements are sourced from adjacent organic-rich mudstone and precipitated with a higher content near the edges of sandstone units and a lower content at the centres of sandstone units, resulting in two different diagenetic evolution paths. The analysis of porosity evolution history and hydrocarbon emplacement produced the following conclusions: (1) during the eodiagenesis period, mechanical compaction reduced the primary porosity dramatically from 40 to 19%; and (2) during the mesodiagenesis period, the first-phase oil charged the reservoir (porosity ranging from 14 to 19%) as bitumen along detrital grains forming a preferential pathway for subsequent oil emplacements. In the second-phase of oil charge, the reservoir porosity ranged from 9 to 14% limiting water–rock reactions. During the third-phase of oil charge, porosity of the reservoir remained at 9%. In general, the densification period (with a porosity close to 10%) of the reservoir occurs at the same time as the major oil emplacement and may be an explanation for the low oil saturation of the Chang 8 tight sandstone.

Письменная и устная коммуникация в англоязычном интернет-пространстве

In view of general prevalence of the Internet it is necessary to investigate the specifics and the aspects of Internet communication characterizing with the selecting the particular lexical, grammatical and stylistic language means applied in oral and written Internet communication. It is noted that, the English language used in Internet communication is exposed to various language transformations, such as: different kinds of reductions and abbreviations, affixation, conversion, hybridization, etc. It is concluded that the Internet language receives the increasing similarity to oral speech due to various transformations, introducing in them the amendments and features thanks to what the network language form becomes unique and different both from oral, and from the written speech of forms in spite of the fact that they are its basis.

Confirmation and the generalized Nagel–Schaffner model of reduction: a Bayesian analysis

In their 2010 (Erkenntnis 73:393–412) paper, Dizadji-Bahmani, Frigg, and Hartmann (henceforth ‘DFH’) argue that the generalized version of the Nagel–Schaffner model that they have developed (henceforth ‘the GNS’) is the right one for intertheoretic reduction, i.e. the kind of reduction that involves theories with largely overlapping domains of application. Drawing on the GNS, DFH (Synthese 179:321–338, 2011) presented a Bayesian analysis of the confirmatory relation between the reducing theory and the reduced theory and argued that, post-reduction, evidence confirming the reducing theory also confirms the reduced theory and evidence confirming the reduced theory also confirms the reducing theory, which meets the expectations one has about theories with largely overlapping domains. In this paper, I argue that the Bayesian analysis presented by DFH (Synthese 179:321–338, 2011) faces difficulties. In particular, I argue that the conditional probabilities that DFH introduce to model the bridge law entail consequences that run against the GNS. However, I also argue that, given slight modifications of the analysis that are in agreement with the GNS, one is able to account for these difficulties and, moreover, one is able to more rigorously analyse the confirmatory relation between the reducing and the reduced theory.