Kinds Of Reagents Research Articles

Optimization of mechanochemical-assisted extraction of hesperidin from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae

Mechanochemical-assisted extraction (MCAE) of hesperidin from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae was investigated in AGO-2 high intensity planetary activator. In order to optimize extraction efficiency, six variables (different kinds of reagents, Na2CO3 content, grinding time, extraction temperature, extraction time, liquid/solid ratio) were varied. Results showed that the optimum MCAE conditions were determined as: Na2CO3 content of 30.0% (w/w), grinding time 20 min, extraction temperature 20 °C, extraction time 10 min, liquid/solid ratio of 80:1 mL/g. Meanwhile, enhancement of solubility was measured. Fourier transform-infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscope were used to illustrate structure change of hesperidin after mechanochemical pretreatment. With the optimized parameter settings, MCAE with water as solvent gave the highest hesperidin yield while reducing both extraction time and energy costs compared to the heat-reflux and superfine grinding extraction.

Application of TMA Technology in Donors' HBV-DNA Detection

To understand the infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV) in blood donors, and to evaluate the effectiveness and necessity of TMA technology for HBV-DNA screening in blood donors. Using the ELISA/NAT model, routine serology test and NAT were performed in the 169 160 donors，including voluntary blood donors and some of donors returned to donor team. For some donors with test positive NAT, nucleic acid identification test was performed. And the HBsAg neutralized and confirmed assay would conduct in blood donors with unilateral HBsAg positive and HBV-DNA negative result. Among 169 160 donation cases-times, the donors of bilateral positive of HBsAg detection was 803, accounted for 0.476%; donors of unilateral positive was 243, accounted for 0.144%. For 40 specimens with HBV-DNA negative, unilateral HBsAg positive, the neutralization and confirmed assay was performed.In result, only 4 specimens were confirmed to be HBsAg positive, the confirmed positive rate was 10%. Among detected 1003 specimens with HBV-DNA positive specimens, both HBsAg and HBV-DNA positive were 739, the consistency rate between 2 kinds of detection was 73.7%. The comparision of positive rate detected by using 3 kinds of reagents showed that there were statistical differences (P＜0.05); moreover, there were statistical difference in positive rate detected by using Murex reagent and In Tec reagent (P＜0.0125). The comparison of detected rate of HBsAg+ and HBV-DNA+ during March 2016-February 2017 showed no statistical difference (P＞0.05). Among 60 blood donors with HBsAg- and HBV-DNA+ who has retured to the donor team, 1 donor presented the transformation of HBsAg from negative to positive, suggesting the HBV infection of window period, HBsAg of the other 59 was negative. The detection of HBV-DNA showed that the HBV-DNA in 28 donors was negative, and the HBV-DNA in 31 donors was positive, 1 donor showed HBV-DNA was uncertain. The routine TMA technology combined with ELISA HBsAg can effectively shorten the window period for detection of HBV infection, effectively detect the occult HBV infection, and reduce the potential risk of hepatitis B spread due to blood transfusion.

The phytochemical content of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium and its potential as a medicinal plant in the regions of Toba Samosir and North Tapanuli, North Sumatra

Abstract. Saragih DE, Arsita EV. 2019. Kandungan fitokimia Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC dan potensinya sebagai tanaman obat di wilayah Toba Samosir dan Tapanuli Utara, Sumatera Utara. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 5: 71-76. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) is a wild plant species typical of North Sumatra commonly used as a spice Batak typical cuisine. a study conducted by Wijaya (1999) suggests that the plant has the potential to be used as an anticancer drug and reinforced by a follow-up study from Thaib (2013) which proves that this plant has potential as a cure for various diseases. This study aims to determine the potential phytochemical content contained in fruit Z. acanthopodium. test method used in this research is maceration, evaporation and then phytochemical screening with various kinds of reagent, so that obtained qualitative value from each secondary metabolite From the observations that have been made shows that in the part of the Andaliman seeds contain active chemical compounds that can function as ingredients for treatment. The active chemical compounds contained in andaliman seeds include phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids and alkaloids. the res ults are obtained through changes in color, the presence of deposits, and the presence of foam. These secondary metabolites have antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral properties, denaturing proteins and preventing bacterial growth in the digestive tract. knowledge of the content of these active chemical compounds can be used as a basis for further use of andaliman seeds as a remedy for other diseases

A soft sensor based on case-based reasoning for iron ores flotation

ABSTRACTConcentrate grade and tailings grade are two vital parameter indexes in a flotation process. To detect the grade succinctly and continuously, a soft sensor based on case-based reasoning (CBR) is proposed. Historic production data is first switched into the form of a case. The case problem includes feed grade, raw ore grade, raw ore ferrous oxide content, raw ore magnetic iron content, target concentrate grade, target tailings grade, dosage of four kinds of reagents; the case solution includes concentrate grade and tailings grade. Simulation result shows that the CBR soft sensor has a higher accuracy and speed in forecasting both concentrate grade and tailings grade when compared with soft sensors supported by other algorithms. The application result in a Chinese iron core dressing mill indicates that the soft sensor presented by this paper causes no damage to people and it can forecast product quality in real-time.

ANTI-HIV DAN SUBTIPE HIV PADA PASIEN HEMODIALISIS

Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Anti-HIV) was performed from 100 plasma Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage 5 patientswith continuous hemodialysis (HD) at the Hemodialysis Instalation Dr Soetomo hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, using three (3) kind ofreagents: Tri-line HIV Rapid test Device from Acon for HIV 1/2/O as strips form, Foresight HIV 1/2/O Antibody EIA Test Kit from Aconand Anti-HIV 1+2/Subtype O ELISA from Axiom. HIV RNA and HIV subtype were detected by Reverse Transcription Polymerase ChainReaction (RT-PCR) based on HIV gag region and analysis of DNA result. Seventy three % patients were hemodialysed twice in a week andonly 14% with duration more than five (5) years. Most of the patients (43%) were hemodialysed between 100−300 times. From the 100plasma samples was obtained only one (1%) man patient plasma sample with positive anti-HIV. A weak positive of RT-PCR result wasnot succeed to be sequenced for determining the HIV subtype. This cause was suspected due to low levels of HIV RNA in blood. The resultsof this study was expected can be used as an additional management consideration of hemodialysis patients at the Hemodialysis Unit.

A "Dual-acceptor Channel" Membraneless Gas-diffusion Unit for Simultaneous Determination of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde in Liquors Using Reverse Flow Injection.

A new design of membraneless gas-diffusion unit with dual acceptor channels for separation, collection and simultaneous determination of two volatile analytes in liquid sample is presented. The unit is comprised of three parallel channels in a closed module. A sample is aspirated into the central channel and two kinds of reagents are introduced into the other two channels. Two analytes are isolated from the sample matrix by diffusion into head-space and absorbed into the specific reagents. Non-absorbed vapor is released by opening the programmable controlled lid. The unit was applied to liquors for measurement of ethanol and acetaldehyde using reverse flow injection. Dichromate and nitroprusside were exploited as reagents for colorimetric detection of ethanol and acetaldehyde, respectively. Good linearity ranges (r2 >0.99) with high precision (RSD <2%) and high accuracy (recovery: 90 - 105%) were achieved. The results were compared to the results by GC-FID and no significant difference was observed by paired t-test (95% confidence).

Optimization and quality control of genome-wide Hi-C library preparation.

Highest-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) is one of the key assays for genome- wide chromatin interaction studies. It is a time-consuming process that involves many steps and many different kinds of reagents, consumables, and equipments. At present, the reproducibility is unsatisfactory. By optimizing the key steps of the Hi-C experiment, such as crosslinking, pretreatment of digestion, inactivation of restriction enzyme, and in situ ligation etc., we established a robust Hi-C procedure and prepared two biological replicates of Hi-C libraries from the GM12878 cells. After preliminary quality control by Sanger sequencing, the two replicates were high-throughput sequenced. The bioinformatics analysis of the raw sequencing data revealed the mapping-ability and pair-mate rate of the raw data were around 90% and 72%, respectively. Additionally, after removal of self-circular ligations and dangling-end products, more than 96% of the valid pairs were reached. Genome-wide interactome profiling shows clear topological associated domains (TADs), which is consistent with previous reports. Further correlation analysis showed that the two biological replicates strongly correlate with each other in terms of both bin coverage and all bin pairs. All these results indicated that the optimized Hi-C procedure is robust and stable, which will be very helpful for the wide applications of the Hi-C assay.

Imitating Musical Scores on a Chip Through Droplet Generation.

We have demonstrated fine control of droplet volumes on a chip using pneumatically actuated micro valve systems resulting in confined nanoliter or picoliter reagent generation. Using the micro valves, we are able to align multi-inlet droplet generating chips for systematic generation of combinatorial mixtures of chemical constituents. By following the change of chemical conditions such as pH we converted musical note information into sequential droplets representing musical scores of 'Twinkle little star.' It would just one of the interesting application of micro-droplet generation systems based on accurate droplet generation, mixing, and incubation. It, thus, would be applied to combinatorial chemical and biological reactions increasing throughput and efficiency with various kinds of reagents.

Advances in Electrophilic Organochalcogen Reagents

Electrophilic Selenium, Sulfur and Tellurium reagents are widely applied in a number of chemo, regio and stereospecific transformations for the installation of new functional groups in organic electron rich substrates as well as the synthesis of heterocyclic scaffolds. The most recent review articles are here currently updated demonstrating the continuously growing interest in this kind of reagents. Keywords: Selenium, sulfur, tellurium, addition, electrophile, catalysis.

Increasing the Useful Heating Value of Coal Using a Physico-Chemical Process

ABSTRACTCoal is of paramount importance when it comes to producing energy in the industries. In this research, an optimum condition in which coal energy reached its highest level was investigated using a flotation process. A representative coal sample was from the Kerman province mine in Iran. Crushing and screening products were homogenized and prepared to conduct flotation experiments. Based on the statistical design of experiments, solid percent, collector dosage, and frother type were the effective variables that remarkably controlled the flotation results. In this study, efficiency index and the useful heating value (UHV) were two indicators that were considered to determine the coal’s quality. Various kinds of reagents with different amounts were used to find the optimum conditions for experiments. According to the obtained results, the UHV and efficiency index were 6485 (kcal/kg) and 43%, respectively, when the collector amount, frother amount, and solid percent were 5.3 Kg/t, 78 g/t, and 10%, respectively. Three-dimensional graphs were used to visually simplify the interactions between flotation parameters in different values and their effects on the responses. Data showed that in order to increasing the amount of energy that comes from coal, it is necessary to reduce the ash quantity of the coal in a reverse relationship.

The investigation of reference intervals application status of the analytes in coagulation test

目的分析描述全国凝血试验检测项目参考区间的来源、分类以及上、下限值分布现状。方法向参加2012年卫生部临床检验中心组织的凝血试验室间质评的临床实验室发放调查表，通过网络在线填报的方式收集各实验室凝血酶原时间（PT）、国际标准化比值（INR）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）和纤维蛋白原（Fbg）的参考区间来源及上、下限值。使用Microsoft Excel 2007和SPSS 13.0软件将回报的数据进行整理，剔除不合理以及错误的数据，按照来源、上下限情况进行统计分析，包括算术平均数、中位数、最小值、最大值、百分位数（P2.5和P97.5）；根据试剂厂家分组，对分组后各项目参考区间情况进行方差分析以比较组间差异。结果共403家实验室回报了结果。参考区间来源中所占比例最高的3项依次为：厂家说明书（56.33%~57.32%）、实验室自己确定（15.25%~21.34%）、全国临床检验操作规程（19.11%~23.00%）。90%的实验室对于PT、INR和Fbg的参考区间未按性别进行设置。对参考区间进行了性别分组的实验室得到的上下限差异较小。凝血试验各项目参考区间下、上限中位数为：①PT：男（10.3，14.4）s，女（10.8，14.4）s，混合组（10.0，14.0）s；②INR：男、女和混合组均为（0.80，1.20）；③APTT：男（25.0，40.0）s，女（24.5，40.0）s，混合组（23.0，38.5）s；④Fbg：男、女和混合组均为（2.0，4.0）g/L。各检测项目中部分试剂组的百分位数（2.5%～97.5%）参考区间上限内部和下限内部存在差异，不同试剂间P2.5和P97.5分布差异大。结论本研究中各项目参考区间上、下限算术平均数和中位数较为接近，但P2.5和P97.5分布一致性较差。

Study on the Corrosion Inhibition of Extractive from &lt;i&gt;Jatropha curcas&lt;/i&gt; L Seed Meal on Copper

This paper study about different effect of the corrosion of copper in different dosage of Jatropha curcas L seed meal extract in different PH,NaCl and different compound agent. Finally，matching the corrosion effect to the best concentration of the inhibitor with weight-loss method. With the change of Jatropha curcas seedcake extract dosage, the effect has no obvious changes in different PH. With the increase of Jatropha curcas seedcake extract dosage. The higher the concentration of extracting agent to extract effect is better in different NaCl. When Jatropha curcas seedcake extract respectively compounded with 2 kinds of reagent, it enhance the corrosion inhibition of copper .It is shown that best inhibition effect of Jatropha curcas L seed meal extract concentration is 10%, the corrosion rate is 96.38%. And Urotropine effect is not very good, but the corrosion rate can be increased from 25.46% to 75.43%.

Azelnidipine, Not Amlodipine, Induces Secretion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor From Smooth Muscle Cells and Promotes Endothelial Tube Formation.

BackgroundWe previously reported that the calcium channel blocker (CCB) nifedipine-induced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from human coronary smooth muscle cells (HCSMCs) promoted human coronary endothelial cell (HCEC) tube formation. Therefore, we analyzed whether other CCBs, azelnidipine and amlodipine, also induced the secretion of VEGF and promoted HCEC tube formation, and the underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsTo evaluate the tube formation, HCECs were grown on Matrigel for 18 hours in the supernatants from HCSMCs that had been treated with different kinds of reagents. Concentrations of VEGF in cultured HCSMCs were determined by specific enzyme immunoassays. Nuclear extracts from HCSMCs were prepared, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation was measured by EZ-DetectTM Transcription Factor Kits for NF-κB p50 or p65.ResultsAlthough azelnidipine dose-dependently stimulated the significant secretion of VEGF from HCSMCs and this stimulation was abolished by a protein kinase C inhibitor, amlodipine-induced secretion of VEGF was significantly lower than that induced by azelnidipine. The medium derived from azelnidipine (at up to 2 μM)-treated HCSMCs led to HCEC tube formation, whereas that obtained with amlodipine did not. Azelnidipine-induced tube formation was blocked by an inhibitor of kinase insert domain-containing receptor/fetal liver kinase-1 tyrosine kinase. Azelnidipine at up to 2 μM induced NF-κB activation.ConclusionsAzelnidipine, but not amlodipine, stimulated the secretion of VEGF from HCSMCs and induced HCEC tube formation. This secretion is mediated at least in part via the activation of NF-κB. Azelnidipine may have a novel beneficial effect in improving coronary microvascular blood flow in addition to its main effect of lowering blood pressure.

化学リーチングによるレアアース泥からのレアアース回収方法の検討

As an answer to the increasing demand for a stable supply of rare-earth element and yttrium (REY) , Kato et al. (2011) reported the discovery of "REY-rich mud" which has high REY concentration and is distributed widely on a deep seafloor in the Pacific Ocean. In addition to the high REY concentration, the REY-rich mud has great advantages as a mineral resource; (1) its exploration is easy to conduct due to its stratiform distribution as a deepsea sediment, (2) the concentration of radioactive elements such as U and Th which inhibit the development of mineral resource is very low, and (3) the most of REY can be easily extracted/recovered by using dilute acids for a few hours. In this study, we investigate the most appropriate recovery method of rare-earth element from the REY-rich mud by chemical leaching method toward its industrial development and usage in near future. The chemical leaching experiments were performed by five kinds of reagents (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, NaOH and (NH4) 2SO4) under various leaching time, temperature and leachate concentration to aim the highest recovery ratio. The experiment showed that strong acids such as hydrochloride acid and sulfuric acid are appropriate leachate. Our results also showed that the recovery ratio is at the highest under the condition of the minimum required leachate concentration, minimum required leaching time and normal temperature. In our experiments, the recovery ratio except Ce from JMS-2 represents 88 % in case of hydrochloride acid (0.5 mol/L, 20min, 25 ℃, water-rock ratio 10:1) and 82 % in case of sulfuric acid (0.2 mol/L, 10min, 25℃, water-rock ratio 10:1) . The high recovery ratio of REY (80 - 90 %) even with dilute leachate under low temperature in a short leaching time is a strongly attractive characteristics of REY-rich mud as a new seafloor mineral resource.

The crucial roles of MgCl2 as a non-innocent additive in the Ni-catalyzed carboxylation of benzyl halide with CO2.

Ni-catalyzed carboxylation of the C(sp(3))-Cl bond with CO2 in the presence of MgCl2 was theoretically investigated. MgCl2 plays three crucial roles in stabilization of a Ni(I)-CO2 adduct and acceleration of the CO2 insertion as a non-innocent additive and the one-electron reduction process as one kind of reagent.

Preparation and Study of Rare Earth Oxide Nanoparticles with Core-Shell Structure

Core-shell nanoparticles Gd2O3:Tb3+/SiOx were obtained by encapsulating Gd2O3:Tb3+ in a polysiloxane shell. We studied the influence of two kinds of reagents (NaOH and Bu4NOH) reacting with precursor solution on size and luminescent property of nanoparticles. The result showed that the reaction involving NaOH was more favorable to the growth of nanoparticles, thus enhanced the energy transfer between the core and the shell of particles and improved their luminescent intensities.

An efficient and versatile synthesis of aromatic nitriles from aldehydes

A simple and direct method has been developed for synthesis of nitriles based on one-pot reaction of aromatic aldehydes with three different kind of reagents: CeCl3·7H2O/KI/H2O2, CeCl3·7H2O/KI/UHP and (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6/KI/H2O2 in aqueous ammonia.

Determination of the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the ternary complex of neodymium with vitamin B3 and 8-hydroxylquinoline by microcalorimetry

A novel solid ternary complex, [Nd(C6H4NO2)2·C9H6NO·2H2O], was synthesized in a water bath (333.15 K) by three kinds of reagents: neodymium chloride, vitamin B3 (C6H5NO2), and 8-hydroxylquinoline (C9H7NO). Its composition and structure were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, UV spectra, molar conductance, and thermogravimetric analysis. During the process of coordination, C6H5NO2 was bidentate-coordinated with Nd3+ in the form of an acidic group by removing the proton; hydroxyl oxygen atom and heterocyclic nitrogen atom of C9H7NO formed a chelate ring. Particularly, in this article, a thermochemical cycle in the calorimetric solvent (VHCl:VDMF:VEtOH = 3:1:1) was designed on the basis of Hess’s law. At 298.15 K, the dissolution enthalpies of the reactants and products were determined by a advanced solution–reaction isoperibol microcalorimeter, respectively. According to the above results and relevant literature data, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of [Nd(C6H4NO2)2·C9H6NO·2H2O], was estimated to be \( \Updelta_{f} H_{m}^{\Uptheta} \) [[Nd(C6H4NO2)2·C9H6NO·2H2O(s)], 298.15 K] = −(2,129.1 ± 2.5) kJ mol−1.

Assessment of bio-activities of the crude extract and components of Withania somnifera leaves by bioinformatics

Traditional herbal medicines are now increasingly being appreciated with Western models of integrative health sciences and evidence-based approach both in the basic research and clinic scenario. Ashwagandha is a commonly used plant in Ayurvedic, Indian traditional medicine. Medicinal value of Ashwagandha (WithaniasomniferaDunal) extends from anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-rheumatic, rejuvenation and anti-cancer. Based on the belief that holistic multi-site mechanism of action offers greater chance of success, the traditional Ayurvedicmedicine practices the use of whole herb or its crude extract. It opposes with the mainstream of pharmaceutical industry that uses single and purified molecules. In the present study, we used bioinformatics approach to reveal the mechanism of action of (i) crude extract of Ashwagandha leaf extract and its purified components, (ii) Withanone and (iii) Withaferin A. Whereas p53-p21 was identified as a common signaling pathway for the three kinds of reagents, specific signaling pathways for Withaferin-A and Withanone were identified. Whereas the crude extract and Withanone were selectively toxic to human cancer cells, Withaferin A showed cytotoxicity to the normal cells too. The study suggested that the crude extract or a combinational formulamay be a superior and safenatural reagent for cancer treatment.

Comparison Of Reaction Pathway And Product Analysis For Hydroxyalkylation Of Parabanic Acid With Oxiranes And Alkylene Carbonates

AbstractReactions of parabanic acid (PA) with ethylene and propylene oxides and carbonates lead to oligomeric products with hydroxyalkyl groups in both cases. The parabanic acid ring undergoes scissions during reactions depending on kind of reagent and reaction conditions. In some cases the trioxoimidazolidine ring remains untouched. Using the MALDI ToF technique the product analysis was performed. The by-products were determined quantitatively by GC. The thermostability of oligomeric products was also determined.