Kinds Of Domains Research Articles

Magnetic domain structure of a La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (001) surface observed by a spin-polarized scanning electron microscope

The magnetization vector distribution at a cleaved surface of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (001) crystal has been quantitatively analyzed by using a newly developed low-temperature spin-polarized scanning electron microscope. The magnetic structure essentially consists of two kinds of domains, where magnetizations are parallel or antiparallel to the [110] direction with no surface-normal component. The rhombus-shaped domains range from a few to several tens of micrometers across. The domain structure can be considered to be made by laying down the magnetization from the out-of-surface-plane easy axis to the surface plane to reduce the magnetostatic energy without forming closure domains.

The Visualization of Micro-Domains in Semi-Crystalline Ferroelectric Polymers

For the first time, using the Force Modulation mode of AFM, visualization of elastic domains in Semi-crystalline ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) films are successfully obtained. The elastic domains are not so easily imaged by common morphology measurements. Only two kinds of domains, one with high elasticity and another with low elasticity, are present in all obtained images. The great difference of the elasticity between these two kinds of domains suggests that the high-elasticity domains may be corresponding to crystalline domains and low-elasticity domains to amorphous domains. Comparison of domain structure of a sample with high crystallinity with a sample with low crystallinity is also presented in this paper.

Observation of spontaneous magnetization jumps in manganites

For certain combinations of temperature and magnetic field, the evolution with time of the magnetization of some phase-separated manganese oxides exhibits a unique steplike feature. This jump in the magnetization is proposed to correspond to a burstlike growth of the ferromagnetic fraction at the expense of the antiferromagnetic component, driven by the evolution of the strains at the interfaces between the two kinds of domains. These results bear a striking similarity with the phenomenon of an ``incubation time'' encountered in standard martensitic transformations.

Bogor

Model checking is emerging as a popular technology for reasoning about behavioral properties of a wide variety of software artifacts including: requirements models, architectural descriptions, designs, implementations, and process models. The complexity of model checking is well-known, yet cost-effective analyses have been achieved by exploiting, for example, naturally occurring abstractions and semantic properties of a target software artifact. semantic properties of target software artifacts. Adapting a model checking tool to exploit this kind of domain knowledge often requires in-depth knowledge of the tool's implementation.We believe that with appropriate tool support, domain experts will be able to develop efficient model checking-based analyses for a variety of software-related models. To explore this hypothesis, we have developed Bogor, a model checking framework with an extensible input language for defining domain-specific constructs and a modular interface design to ease the optimization of domain-specific state-space encodings, reductions and search algorithms. We present the pattern-oriented design of Bogor and discuss our experiences adapting it to efficiently model check Java programs and event-driven component-based designs.

Formation of three kinds of hard domains by low-bias-field method

The formation of three kinds of hard domains (HDs) at low bias field was studied experimentally. Low-bias-field method provides a simple way to produce the three kinds of HDs in different proportions. Also, the relationship between the shape of the multi-branched domains (MBDs) and the different kinds of domains was studied. Most branches of the MBDs correspond to the first kind of dumbbell domains or the second kind of dumbbell domains; in contrast, few branches of the MBDs correspond to the hard bubbles or soft bubbles.

Anomalous Behavior in the Electrical and Optical Properties of Ammonium Sulfate Single Crystals in the Temperature Range 250–350 K

Optical and electrical properties of Ammonium sulfate crystals (AS) were investigated in the temperature range 250–350 K. Optical constants of AS crystal were calculated at room temperature. The optical absorption coefficient α was analyzed and interpreted to be due to the allowed direct transition, hence the values of the allowed direct energy gap E g were calculated. The parameter σ characterizing the broadening of the absorption edge was investigated as a function of temperature. Both E g and σ showed anomalies at 286 and 303 K. Domain structure observations in the temperature range 250–350 K revealed the starting of a ferroelastic phase of AS at 286 K. This structure contains sometimes three kinds of domains and sometimes with two kinds of domains for the temperatures from 286 up to 303 K. At temperatures higher than 303 K, a stable phase with three kinds of domains was observed. Anomalies in the electrical conductivity behavior were detected at 286 and 303 K. This implies the occurrences of possible ...

Risperidone Treatment of Schizophrenia: Improvement in Psychopathology and Neuropsychological Tests

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of short-term risperidone treatment on schizophrenic symptoms and on neuropsychological frontal tests, and to find an association between the improvements in these two kinds of domains. Twenty-two schizophrenic patients treated with risperidone (2–6 mg/day) for 4 weeks were studied. Treatment with risperidone resulted in a significant decrease in the intensity of schizophrenic symptoms and in an improvement in all neuropsychological tests applied. A robust correlation was obtained between the amelioration of negative symptoms and improvements in many neuropsychological tests, specifically with amelioration in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), perseverative errors. Some correlation was also found with the improvement of positive symptoms, specifically with amelioration in the WCST, completed categories. The results may suggest a common neurobiological substrate of negative and cognitive symptoms, reflected in prefrontal cortex pathology and in therapeutic response to atypical antipsychotics.

Deuteron NMR Study of the Diverse Mobility of the Ammonium Ions in the Ordered Phase of (ND 4) 2PtCl 4

A detailed description of the diverse mobility of the ND 4 + ions in the low-temperature ordered phase of (ND 4) 2PtCl 4 is developed on the basis of single-crystal deuteron NMR spectra and site-selective T 1 measurements. The ordered phase of (ND 4) 2PtCl 4 consists of two kinds of domains in which the orientation of the ND 4 + tetrahedra differs by a 90° rotation about an axis which otherwise is a two-fold symmetry axis of the tetrahedra. Inside the domains, the ND 4 + ions do not reorient at low temperatures. The domains are separated by domain walls which contain, according to the deuteron NMR spectra, about 10% of all ND 4 + ions. These ions are highly mobile even at 10 K. On rising the temperature, the thickness of the domain walls increases, that is, the ions in more and more layers become mobile. Moreover, we provide evidence for fluctuations of the locations of the domain walls. The central resonance of the domain-wall ions shows a complicated structure below 36 K. On the basis of a tunnelling hypothesis we make an attempt to account for this structure. There are indications that the tunnelling process is incoherent.

Diffraction by domains in decagonal Al–Co–Ni quasicrystals

In the literature the formation of domains in d-phases is well documented by direct electron microscopy observations. Compared to this ‘local’ method, diffraction investigations provide a more ‘global’ structural insight. Various kinds of domains in decagonal quasicrystals are discussed by extending the theory of domain scattering of conventional crystals. Peculiar diffraction phenomena in decagonal Al–Ni–Co phases are compared to theoretical predictions of the domain scattering theory.

Simulation of Thickness Dependent Coercive Field in PZT Thin Films

The thickness-dependent coercive field in perovskite-type ferroelectric thin films has been simulated using the four-state Potts model. In this model, four mutually perpendicular dipole orientations result in four different kinds of domains in a film of tetragonal phase. In order to simulate the switching due to the domain wall movement, only those dipoles in the domain boundaries are allowed to rotate. Each rotation is restricted only to 90°, either clockwise or counter-clockwise. The influence of space charge is also included. For large thickness, the simulation result agrees with the trend observed in most experiments that the coercive field decreases with thickness. On the other hand, when the thickness is smaller than a critical value, the coercive field increases with thickness. The intrinsic influence governed by the domain-wall movement and the extrinsic effect induced by oxygen vacancies are discussed. This result not only reflects the two different regimes for polarization switching but also imposed design implication on the thin film ferroelectric memory in small thickness.

Simulation of Thickness Dependent Coercive Field in PZT Thin Films

The thickness-dependent coercive field in perovskite-type ferroelectric thin films has been simulated using the four-state Potts model. In this model, four mutually perpendicular dipole orientations result in four different kinds of domains in a film of tetragonal phase. In order to simulate the switching due to the domain wall movement, only those dipoles in the domain boundaries are allowed to rotate. Each rotation is restricted only to 90°, either clockwise or counter-clockwise. The influence of space charge is also included. For large thickness, the simulation result agrees with the trend observed in most experiments that the coercive field decreases with thickness. On the other hand, when the thickness is smaller than a critical value, the coercive field increases with thickness. The intrinsic influence governed by the domain-wall movement and the extrinsic effect induced by oxygen vacancies are discussed. This result not only reflects the two different regimes for polarization switching but also imposed design implication on the thin film ferroelectric memory in small thickness.

Sentence mood constitution and indefinite noun phrases

Sentence mood in German is a complex category that is determined by various components of the grammatical system. In particular, verbal mood, the position of the finite verb and the wh-characteristics of the so called 'Vorfeld'-phrase are responsible for the constitution of sentence mood in German. This article proposes a theory of sentence mood constitution in German and investigates the interaction between the pronominal binding of indefinite noun phrases which are semantically analyzed as choice functions. It is shown that the semantic objects determined by sentence mood define different kinds of domains which have to be uniquely accessible as the range of the choice function. The various properties of the pronominal binding of indefinites can be derived by the interplay of the proposed theoretical notions.

SENTENCE MOOD CONSTITUTION AND INDEFINITE NOUN PHRASES

Sentence mood in German is a complex category that is determined by various components of the grammatical system. Verbal mood, the position of the finite verb and the wh-characteristics of the so-called 'Vorfeld'-phrase in particular play a prominent role in constituting sentence mood in German. This article proposes a theory of sentence mood constitution in German and investigates the interaction determined by binding theory between pronouns and indefinite noun phrases which are semantically analysed as choice functions. It is shown that the semantic objects determined by sentence mood define different kinds of domains which have to be uniquely accessible as the range of the choice function. The various properties of the pronominal binding of indefinites can be derived by the interplay of the proposed theoretical notions.

On domains witnessing increase in information

<p>The paper considers algebraic directed-complete partial orders with a semi-regular Scott topology, called regular domains. As is well know, the category of Scott domains and continuous maps is Cartesian closed. This is no longer true, if the domains are required to be regular. Two Cartesian closed subcategories of the regular Scott domains are exhibited: regular dI-domains with stable maps and strongly regular Scott domains with continuous maps. Here a Scott domains is strongly regular if all of its compact open subsets are regular open. In one considers only embeddings of dependent products and sums. Moreover, they are w-cocomplete and their object classes are closed under several constructions used in programming language semantics. It follows that recursive domains equations can be solved and models of typed and untyped lambda calculi can be constructed. Both kinds of domains can be udes in giving meaning to programming language constructs.</p>

Invertibility of Holomorphic Functions with Respect to the Hadamard Product *

Let G 1 and G 2 be domains in containing the open unit disk D, and let H(Gj ) be the set of all holomorphic functions in Gj for j = 1,2. We say that f εH(G 1) is invertible with respect to H(G 2) if there exists g ε H(G 2) such that (f * g)(z)= - 1/(1 - z) for z ε D, where f*g denotes the Hadamard product of f and g. In (R. Brück and J. Müller (1992). Math. Ann., 294, 421–438) it was shown that for certain kinds of domains G 1 and G 2 the invertible elements of H(G 1) with respect to H(G 2) are necessarily of a very special form. The main purpose of this paper is to show that this result is true for broader classes of domains, where our method of proof is different to that in (R. Brück and J. Müller (1992). Math. Ann., 294, 421-438).

A rhodamine and a cyanine dye on the water surface as studied by laser induced fluorescence microscopy

The properties and behavior of cyanine and rhodamine dyes on the water surface were investigated using a laser-induced fluorescence microscope. The band peaks of the absorption and fluorescence spectra and their Stokes shift of the rhodamine dye on the water surface indicated that the polarity on the water surface is lower than that of bulk water. The rhodamine and cyanine dye molecules formed domains on the water surface. Although RhC 18 formed no aggregate on the water surface below Γ=0.7, DiD aggregated significantly even at Γ=0.2 and showed two kinds of domains on the water surface. DiD, however, did not aggregate in the LB film below Γ=0.7 and showed aggregation only at multilayers.

Bourdieu's Uneasy Psychoanalysis

As is known, psychoanalysis, developed in Vienna around the time of the Belle Epoque (1870-1914), would be a form of Eurocentrism universalizing the European psychic structure and its sexual obsessions, further contributing to psychoanalysis's crisis. Nonetheless, it seems to be playing an increasingly important role, no less ambiguous, in the work of Pierre Bourdieu. In fact, psychoanalysis has always had a place in his texts, despite an initial degree of hostility or serious reservations on Bourdieu's part. His reservations, however, have evolved over time, become nuanced and modified, to ultimately assign psychoanalysis a tentative but increasingly distinct profile as a problematic discipline. At times psychoanalysis is viewed as a rival to Bourdieu's sociology, from which the latter must absolutely be differentiated. At others it is seen as a kind of domain (or field) susceptible to annexation through the sociological treatment of certain of its concepts--that is, when a possible fusion with sociology, based on an equal footing and a clearly defined division of labor, appears hopeless.

Bourdieu's Uneasy Psychoanalysis

As is known, psychoanalysis, developed in Vienna around the time of the Belle Epoque (1870-1914), would be a form of Eurocentrism universalizing the European psychic structure and its sexual obsessions, further contributing to psychoanalysis's crisis. Nonetheless, it seems to be playing an increasingly important role, no less ambiguous, in the work of Pierre Bourdieu. In fact, psychoanalysis has always had a place in his texts, despite an initial degree of hostility or serious reservations on Bourdieu's part. His reservations, however, have evolved over time, become nuanced and modified, to ultimately assign psychoanalysis a tentative but increasingly distinct profile as a problematic discipline. At times psychoanalysis is viewed as a rival to Bourdieu's sociology, from which the latter must absolutely be differentiated. At others it is seen as a kind of domain (or field) susceptible to annexation through the sociological treatment of certain of its concepts-that is, when a possible fusion with sociology, based on an equal footing and a clearly defined division of labor, appears hopeless. As is also known, since its foundation, sociology has offered its own answers to the questions philosophy has been asking from the very beginning, an observation that Bourdieu would certainly be the last to deny. But in the case of psychoanalysis, as Alain Juranville notes in his remarkable Lacan et la philosophie (1984):

PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE INITIAL-STAGE GROWTH OF Cu ON Ge(111)-c(2×8)

Two phases in the initial stages of Cu growth on Ge(111) have been investigated by using X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPED). Multiple-scattering analysis showed that the surface layer of the discommensurate phase consists of almost the same amount of two kinds of domains with regular and fault stackings. Furthermore, it was found that the ordered overlayer was formed after annealing the discommensurate phase and that the XPED pattern from the annealed phase cannot be explained by the simple models such as bulklike Cu and stoichiometric germanide Cu 3 Ge .

The Monotonic Property of Ls(μ)-Averaging Domains and Weighted Weak Reverse Hölder Inequality

We first prove a local weighted weak reverse Hölder inequality for A-harmonic tensors. Then, we study the monotonic property of newly introduced Ls(μ)-averaging domains, which can be viewed as an application of the local weighted reverse Hölder inequality in Ls(μ)-averaging domains. By applying the local result, we also obtain some similar results in other kinds of domains.