Kind Of Detection System Research Articles

Large-scale Production and Application of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles to Meet Agriculture Needs

The success of the agricultural sector is crucial to the whole world's prosperity. Reducing hunger and poverty and enhancing food security and nutrition have all made great strides in recent decades. Improvements in resource efficiency and food safety brought about by productivity and technical gains have not been shared fairly. Fortunately, it is possible to reduce the adverse effects of the current global food production system on the environment and climate with the aid of technological advancements. Nanotechnology can be integrated into the agricultural sciences as "nano agriculture", to provide solutions that are more accurately boost production without negatively impacting the environment. Among a range of nanoparticles, graphene oxide (GO) has found diverse application in electronics, optics, medicine, and supercapacitors. Due to its adaptability, it is also crucial in many critical biological contexts. Graphene oxide has a range of potential uses in industries as diverse as agriculture, technology, and food production. Nanoencapsulation of nutrients, smart-release systems, novel packaging, smart water treatment systems for various kinds of microorganisms and pollutants, pesticide and insecticide detection and analysis, and other kinds of detection systems are all possible applications of this versatile material. It may also be a part of fertilizer or used as a plant growth stimulant. In the GO market, yield is a major concern. With so much focus on graphene, it is essential to produce GO nanoparticles in large quantities. A possible method for industrial-scale graphene manufacturing is the oxidative exfoliation of graphite. This review outlines few cost effective strategies to mass-produce GO for use in agriculture.

Recent progress in high resolution X-ray customised detection systems

The results of a collaborative development activity aimed to the realization of multi-cell detectors based on monolithic SDD pixel technology will be described. Two kind of detection systems, skilled for the light lines at synchrotrons, have been brought to high levels of finalization and integration; a 64 cells detection system dedicated to absorption spectroscopy (XAFS) and a 32 cells detector for the X-ray microscopy (TwinMic). The main targets of this effort, led in a tight collaboration with the beam lines scientists, were large sensitive area, high rate capabilities, state of the art efficiency and energy resolution. The aim is to reduce the beam time demand for each single measurement while delivering a cutting edge analytical power.All basic elements of those detection systems, from the detector’s design and production to the front-end and read-out electronics including the final engineering of the integrated system were customized to the specific use addressed.

Speciation and determination of iron in aqueous solution and river water by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Characterization and determination of Fe2+ co-existing with Fe3+ using a simple method of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is employed. We attempted to characterize Fe2+ species in aqueous solution in combination with various inorganic salts of iron, such as chloride, sulfate, and cyanide salts, using two kinds of detection systems (a quadrupole mass spectrometer and a high-resolution magnetic mass spectrometer), to establish the stability of the complexes formed. The study further extended to the determination of Fe2+ concentration, and we expect that ESI-MS will be a new method to determine Fe2+. Among the inorganic salts studied, 1,10-Phenanthroline forms stable tetrahedral complexes with Fe2+ in the gas phase of ESI-MS which is observed in a high-m/z region and are well separated. The method is extended for determining Fe2+ concentration in natural river water samples by measuring the peak intensity of [Fe(phen)2]2+ (m/z 208) and obtaining a calibration curve (R2 = 0.9992) of the peak intensity determined by HR-ESI-MS. The Fe2+ concentrations in Tama River samples were obtained by the standard addition method (Fe2+ 0.23 μmol/L, R2 = 0.9998), and total concentration of iron in Tama River sample was 0.59 μmol/L (ICP-MS), thus about 40% of iron is present as Fe2+.

Interference of hemoglobin E on measurements of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Objective To evaluate the interference of hemoglobin variant E (HbE) on five kinds of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) system. Two of them were ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (IE-HPLC) methods, one was affinity chromatography high performance liquid chromatography (AC-HPLC) method, one was turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay method (TINIA), one was enzyme (EM) method. Methods All 60 blood samples from May 2012 to October 2013 were collected from Zhongshan Hospital of Yat-sen University, and then divided into normal control group (20 cases), diabetic group (20 cases) and HbE group (20 cases).Variants were used to detect the whole blood concentration of HbA1c by five detection systems. Based on the judgment standards of National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP), comparison analysis and bias evaluation results for different groups of 5 kinds of detection systems were estimated. The statistical difference of mean blood glucose (eAG) and fasting blood glucose (FPG) was calculated using the estimation of HbE variant group detection system HbA1c results. The test results were analyzed by Deming regression analysis, to determine whether HbE has significant clinical effect on the results of HbA1c, using 6% HbA1c and 9% ± 10% relative error as the evaluation scope. Results The 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of the 4 kinds of detection system in normal control group and diabetic group were within ±0.7% HbA1c deviation, which was less than 6%, comparing to NGSP I laboratory certification, indicating no significant difference of determination results（P>0.05）. There were no significant difference between eAG and FPG levels in HbE group using AC-HPLC, Variant HbE variant Ⅱ IE-HPLC method and TINIA method（P>0.05）.While the difference between eAG level and FPG level of Variant Ⅱ Turbo IE-HPLC and enzymatic method was statistically significant（P 0.05）. Also when in the 6% and 9% HbA1c concentrations, detection method and average differences between control samples were less than the clinically acceptable range,indicating that the interference of these 2 methods was not affected by HbE. The difference of 95% CIof Bio-Rad Variant Ⅱ Turbo IE-HPLC method and enzyme method were located outside the ± 0.7% HbA1c, comparing to AC-HPLC method. The determinations of the deviation were 13.9%- 40.1 % and -34.1%--1.3% respectively, which were greater than 6%. The difference was of statistically significance（P<0.01）. Comparing to the control system, Bio-rad Variant ⅡTurbor IE-HPLC held the positive deviation, while the enzyme method held the negative deviation. Also when in the 6% and 9% HbA1c concentrations, the mean differences of samples under detection method and control method were both greater than the clinically acceptable range, indicating that HbE has significant clinical interference in these 2 kinds of methods. Conclusion HbE had different interference effects in clinical laboratory for HbA1c test, so one should pay attention to this kind of Hb variance in daily practice. Appropriate method should be selected to prevent the occurrence of interference to the determination or to find a surrogate marker of HbA1c.（Chin J Lab Med,2014,37:921-927） Key words: Hemoglobin E; Hemoglobins,abnormal; Hemogbobin A,glycosylated

Evaluation of cystatin C with two kinds of detection systems

目的 评估两种半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cystatin C,Cys C)检测系统的分析性能.方法 Cys C分别采用Dade Behring(德灵)公司出品的颗粒增强散射免疫比浊法(PENIA)和上海景源医疗器械有限公司出品的透射免疫比浊法试剂盒进行测定,评价的方法学指标为精密度、线性范围、抗干扰性、相关及偏倚.结果 Cys C浓度在0.6～5.0 mg/L时,两家试剂总变异系数(CV)＜8%,检测线性范围为0.4～6 mg/L.血红蛋白＜10 g/L,胆红素＜300 mg/L,维生素C＜5 g/L对两家试剂检测干扰＜10%,在可接受范围内.甘油三酯(TG)≤20 mmol/L时德灵试剂检测不受影响(干扰＜10%).景源试剂TG≥15 mmol/L时低值血浆干扰＞10%,高值血浆不受干扰.50份血样进行相关性分析的结果显示景源检测试剂盒与德灵的PENIA测定方法相关性良好(r=0.98,P＜0.01).线性回归分析经Cusum检验显示两方法间偏倚不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05),但是景源测定结果较德灵结果偏低,平均偏倚为-0.16.对同一份样本景源与德灵测定Cys C的最小至最大偏差范围为1.1%～23%,平均为5.1%.结论 两种方法的精密度、抗干扰性、线性范围符合要求,但是系统间测定结果存在一定偏差。

Comparability Research on Blood Glucose Results among 3 kinds of Detect ion Systems

目的 通过对3个检测系统进行方法对比分析,探讨各系统之间检测血糖(Glu)结果偏倚是否可以接受.方法 参照NCCLS＜EP9-A2文件>的要求,以可溯源的检测系统为目标检测系统,采用己糖激酶法或葡萄糖氧化酶法测定Glu,对本院3个不同检测系统进行朗道质控物(水平2和水平3)各测定20次和测定新鲜血浆标本48份.结果 朗道质控物和新鲜血浆标本Glu测定经随机区组设计资料的方差分析,各检测系统问的总体差异均有显著性(P＜0.001).各检测系统新鲜血浆标本Glu测定可靠性系数α为0.9993,各系统间的相关系数均大于0.975.各检测系统测定Glu的精密度变异系数均小于3.3%,以可溯源的检测系统1为目标检测系统,临床可接受性能评价各系统均未超过T±5%范围.结论 3个不同检测系统测定Glu结果存在偏倚,但具有可比性。

Progress in capillary electrophoresis of biomarkers and metabolites between 2002 and 2005

Biomarker discovery and metabolite research is a fast-growing and extremely important domain not only for the early detection of certain diseases but also for controlling its progress as well as in pharmaceutical investigations. For the analytical separation and identification, CE plays an indisputable role. Capillary systems enhancing different selectivity are applied and connected to different kind of detection systems. As the choice of buffer and its composition is responsible for a successful separation, special emphasis is put on solvent effects in this review. Altogether the most important capillary electrophoretic techniques applied for biomarker and metabolites analysis published between 2002 and 2005 are summarized and discussed.

Method to minimize spurious background signals in gas detectors based on correlation spectroscopy using a Fabry-Pérot bandpass filter shape optimization

The parasitic background signal produced by gas detectors using a Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) as a modulator is shown to be very sensitive to the infrared band pass filter characteristics. This parasitic signal is generally the feature limiting the sensitivity of such devices. We review this problem, and provide a general approach to filter choice which minimises the background amplitude for this kind of detection system. It is shown that in general filters with very abrupt transitions from the stop to pass band are in fact undesirable, and fortuitously the optimum choice of filter leads to easily realised, low cost designs.

Multiple scattering effects in depth resolution of elastic recoil detection

Multiple scattering strongly affects the depth resolution of Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD) experiments in contrast to its small effects in typical Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) measurements. A comparison of experimental ERD and RBS results shows substantial differences in the depth resolution of these two techniques. The effect of multiple scattering is estimated by computer simulations and is compared to experimental results. The effect of sample material is also discussed and it is shown that in high Z materials multiple scattering is dominant and the depth resolution of ERD is often comparable to the measured structure thickness. The effects reported in this paper are of a general nature and are applicable to all ERD type analysis including He and heavy ion ERD and all kind of detection systems.