Kind Of Cargo Research Articles

Roles and mechanisms of exosomal microRNAs in viral infections.

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm that originate from endosomes and fuse with the plasma membrane. They are secreted by almost all kinds of cells and can stably transfer different kinds of cargo from donor to recipient cells, thereby altering cellular functions for assisting cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes derived from virus-infected cells during viral infections are likely to contain different microRNAs (miRNAs) that can be transferred to recipient cells. Exosomes can either promote or suppress viral infections and therefore play a dual role in viral infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of exosomal miRNAs during infection by six important viruses (hepatitis C virus, enterovirus A71, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and Zika virus), each of which causes a significant global public health problem. We describe how these exosomal miRNAs, including both donor-cell-derived and virus-encoded miRNAs, modulate the functions of the recipient cell. Lastly, we briefly discuss their potential value for the diagnosis and treatment of viral infections.

Comparative Analysis of Faired-In Bulb and Bulbous Bow Ram Bow's Bulbous Bow Shape On Total Ship Resistance

A General Cargo Ship is a ship that carries various kinds of cargo in the form of goods. The goods transported are usually packaged goods. Using a bulbous bow on the ship's bow is the best alternative. Bulbous bows are installed on ships with high speed to reduce drag, whose nature depends on the function of the block coefficient and Froude number of ships. Ships with particular Cb and Fn can use a Bulbous bow due to considering the advantages of a significant enough resistance reduction, or vice versa. This research is a general cargo ship model with a bulbous bow. They are using the main dimensions of the ship with Length Over All (LOA) 153.45 m, Length Between Perpendicular (LBP) 144.2 m, Length On Load Waterline (LWL) 147.8 m, and Breadth (B) 25.27 m. height (H) 13.5 m, Draft (T) 9.52 m, Speed ​​(V) 14.75 Knots. The magnitude of the resistance and practical power of the ship required to reach a speed of 14.75 knots on a ship with the Faired-in Bulb type obtained from maxsurf 431.9 kN and 4096, 548 HP. For Bulbous bow type Ram Bow ships, the resistance and adequate power obtained are 431.3 kN and 4090,683 Hp. The ship's power using the Bulbous bow Faired-in Bulb is more significant than using the Bulbous bow of the Ram Bow type.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEED FOR CONSTRUCTION OF A SPECIALIZED WAGON FOR TRANSPORTATION OF IRON ORE PELLETS

The type and characteristics of such cargo as iron ore pellets are described. The manufacturing technique of iron ore pellets at the mining processing plant is given. The process of transporting iron ore pellets along the main tracks of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia" to the consumers of these products was considered using the example of PJSC "Poltava Mining and Processing Plant". It has been established that iron ore pellets are transported on the main railway tracks by one of the following types of freight wagons: universal gondola cars with a hollow-bottom body or discharge doors, specialized hopper wagons for the transportation of pellets and agglomerate and mainline dump cars. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of the use of the specified types of freight wagons was carried out according to such technical and economic indicators (criteria) as tare weight, carrying capacity, car body volume, material intensity, specific volume, dimensions, service life time, overhaul life, tare loading coefficient, coefficient body capacity utilization, running load, cost, life cycle cost. It was determined that the most rational option for the transportation of iron ore pellets is the use of a universal gondola car. Further research should be directed to the development of a standard-sized series of specialized freight wagons with increased linear load and improved technical and economic indicators for the transportation of iron ore pellets based on a universal gondola car. The content of the article will contribute to the rational choice of freight rolling stock for the transportation of such kinds of cargo as iron ore pellets on mainline railways.

Analisys of Hull Shape Art, Speed, Resistance, Power Using Holtrop Method On A Vessel With DWT 12,335 Ton

A general cargo vessel carries various kinds of cargo in the form of goods. The goods transported are usually packaged goods. General cargo vessels are equipped with cargo cranes to facilitate the loading and unloading of cargo. This study aims to determine the relation between speed, resistance, and power using the Holtrop method on vessels with a DWT of 12,335 Tons. The ship was modelled using shipping software, and then validated the results with Holtrop mathematical calculations. Holtrop method for calculating tankers, general cargo, fishing vessels, tugs, passengers, containers, and frigates By using the main dimensions of the ship with Length Over All (LOA) 129.8 m, Length Between Perpendicular (LBP) 110 m, Length On Load Waterline (LWL) 112.75 m, Breadth (B) 18 m. height (H) 9 m, Draft (H) 7.2 m, Speed (V) 12.5 Knots. Tests were carried out on Maxsurf Software by calculating resistance and obtaining a graph that displays the relationship between power and speed and resistance and speed.

Comparative Analysis of Faired-In Bulb and Bulbous Bow Ram Bow's Bulbous Bow Shape On Total Ship Resistance

A General Cargo Ship is a ship that carries various kinds of cargo in the form of goods. The goods transported are usually packaged goods. Using a bulbous bow on the ship's bow is the best alternative. Bulbous bows are installed on ships with high speed to reduce drag, whose nature depends on the function of the block coefficient and Froude number of ships. Ships with particular Cb and Fn can use a Bulbous bow due to considering the advantages of a significant enough resistance reduction, or vice versa. This research is a general cargo ship model with a bulbous bow. They are using the main dimensions of the ship with Length Over All (LOA) 153.45 m, Length Between Perpendicular (LBP) 144.2 m, Length On Load Waterline (LWL) 147.8 m, and Breadth (B) 25.27 m. height (H) 13.5 m, Draft (T) 9.52 m, Speed ​​(V) 14.75 Knots. The magnitude of the resistance and practical power of the ship required to reach a speed of 14.75 knots on a ship with the Faired-in Bulb type obtained from maxsurf 431.9 kN and 4096, 548 HP. For Bulbous bow type Ram Bow ships, the resistance and adequate power obtained are 431.3 kN and 4090,683 Hp. The ship's power using the Bulbous bow Faired-in Bulb is more significant than using the Bulbous bow of the Ram Bow type.

Comparative Analysis of Faired-In Bulb and Bulbous Bow Ram Bow's Bulbous Bow Shape On Total Ship Resistance

A General Cargo Ship is a ship that carries various kinds of cargo in the form of goods. The goods transported are usually packaged goods. Using a bulbous bow on the ship's bow is the best alternative. Bulbous bows are installed on ships with high speed to reduce drag, whose nature depends on the function of the block coefficient and Froude number of ships. Ships with particular Cb and Fn can use a Bulbous bow due to considering the advantages of a significant enough resistance reduction, or vice versa. This research is a general cargo ship model with a bulbous bow. They are using the main dimensions of the ship with Length Over All (LOA) 153.45 m, Length Between Perpendicular (LBP) 144.2 m, Length On Load Waterline (LWL) 147.8 m, and Breadth (B) 25.27 m. height (H) 13.5 m, Draft (T) 9.52 m, Speed ​​(V) 14.75 Knots. The magnitude of the resistance and practical power of the ship required to reach a speed of 14.75 knots on a ship with the Faired-in Bulb type obtained from maxsurf 431.9 kN and 4096, 548 HP. For Bulbous bow type Ram Bow ships, the resistance and adequate power obtained are 431.3 kN and 4090,683 Hp. The ship's power using the Bulbous bow Faired-in Bulb is more significant than using the Bulbous bow of the Ram Bow type.

動作時のマスト部に生じるモーメントによるフォークリフトの重心位置推定

Detecting the center of gravity (COG) is important to evaluate the rollover risk of a forklift because it lifts various kinds of cargo with unknown COG．Some conventional methods have been proposed to detect COG, however, they require the forklift to stop moving or long seconds of measuring data, Therefore, we propose a method to estimate COG in real time by measuring the relation between the acceleration and the tilt moment of the mast. The COG is found by grid search to satisfy the above relation for past several seconds. It does not need any constraints of forklift motion. This method is modified for the conditions of mast motion and body turning. We implemented the sensor system on an actual forklift and the effectiveness of our proposed method was shown by various experiments with it.

Analisys of Hull Shape Art, Speed, Resistance, Power Using Holtrop Method On A Vessel With DWT 12,335 Ton

A general cargo vessel carries various kinds of cargo in the form of goods. The goods transported are usually packaged goods. General cargo vessels are equipped with cargo cranes to facilitate the loading and unloading of cargo. This study aims to determine the relation between speed, resistance, and power using the Holtrop method on vessels with a DWT of 12,335 Tons. The ship was modelled using shipping software, and then validated the results with Holtrop mathematical calculations. Holtrop method for calculating tankers, general cargo, fishing vessels, tugs, passengers, containers, and frigates By using the main dimensions of the ship with Length Over All (LOA) 129.8 m, Length Between Perpendicular (LBP) 110 m, Length On Load Waterline (LWL) 112.75 m, Breadth (B) 18 m. height (H) 9 m, Draft (H) 7.2 m, Speed (V) 12.5 Knots. Tests were carried out on Maxsurf Software by calculating resistance and obtaining a graph that displays the relationship between power and speed and resistance and speed.

Live-Imaging of Axonal Cargoes in Drosophila Brain Explants Using Confocal Microscopy.

Live-imaging of axonal cargoes within central nervous system has been a long-lasting interest for neurobiologists as axonal transport plays critical roles in neuronal growth, function, and survival. Many kinds of cargoes are transported within axons, including synaptic vesicles and a variety of membrane-bound and membrane-less organelles. Imaging these cargoes at high spatial and temporal resolution, and within living brains, is technically very challenging. Here, we describe a quantitative method, based on customized mounting chambers, allowing live-imaging of axonal cargoes transported within the maturing brain of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. With this method, we could visualize in real time, using confocal microscopy, cargoes transported along axons. Our protocol is simple and easy to set up, as brains are mounted in our imaging chambers and ready to be imaged in about 1h. Another advantage of our method is that it can be combined with pharmacological treatments or super-resolution microscopy.

Improving Membrane Activity and Cargo Delivery Efficacy of a Cell-Penetrating Peptide by Loading with Carboranes.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have emerged as versatile tools to increase the intracellular accumulation of different kinds of cargoes. For an efficient cellular uptake and drug delivery, their organization into a distinct and stable secondary structure at the outer surface of the plasma membrane is a hallmark and supports optimal lipid–peptide interactions. Incorporation of hydrophobic moieties, such as carboranes (CBs), has the potential to increase the lipophilicity of peptides, and thus, to facilitate the formation of secondary structures. Herein, we present synthesis and biophysical as well as biological characterization of carborane-CPP conjugates having incorporated one or more CB clusters. Our results highlight the possibility to modulate the secondary structure of CPPs by the addition of CB’s leading to constructs with altered membrane activity and promising use in terms of nucleic acid delivery.

International Transportation of Heavy and Oversized Cargo: Example of Haulage of Components of Wind Power Plant

Heavy and oversized transportation requires solving a whole range of tasks, such as choosing a suitable method of customs clearance and of a customs post, determining the optimal route, correctly selecting vehicles, ensuring safety of related infrastructure, and road traffic, such as the width of the carriageway, height and width of bridges, tunnels, power lines, ordering permits for travel on certain road segments, ordering heavy and oversized cargo escorting service, providing the special labour regime and working conditions for drivers.The objective of the study was to provide options for solving the listed issues and offer choice of best modes of transport, routes of delivery of heavy and oversized cargo.This article based on the example of multimodal supply of components of wind power plant through the Russian national and foreign territory analyses issues of choosing a mode of transport for multimodal transportation of heavy and oversized cargo; of individuality of routes for movement of goods with non-standard weight and size characteristics; of developing a survey route, and of preliminary preparing transportation of heavy and oversized cargo. Identification of difficulties faced by participants in similar projects, helped to reveal preliminary solutions which might increase the efficiency of any individual transportation. Described features of transportation of this kind of cargo in Russia focused particularly on customs regulations governing crossing of the border of the Russian Federation by multicomponent goods. Since about 70 % of total «door-to-door» transportation, comprising haulage of heavy and oversized cargo, are performed by road transport, the article highlights the road transportation segment.The conclusion suggests that the main task when developing a route is to ensure safety of cargo transportation. The identified phases comprise choosing and calculating the route, the coordination of obtaining permits for transportation of heavy and oversized cargo with various organisations on different segments of the route. Solutions for import customs clearance of multicomponent disassembled cargo, particularly in case of non-simultaneous delivery, are examined.

Exosomes Engineering and Their Roles as Therapy Delivery Tools, Therapeutic Targets, and Biomarkers.

Exosomes are becoming increasingly important therapeutic biomaterials for use in a variety of therapeutic applications due to their unique characteristics, especially due to the ineffectiveness and cytotoxicity of some existing therapies and synthetic therapeutic nanocarriers. They are highly promising as carriers of drugs, genes, and other therapeutic agents that can be incorporated into their interior or onto their surface through various modification techniques to improve their targeting abilities. In addition, they are biocompatible, safe, and stable. The review focuses on different types of exosomes and methods of their preparation, including the incorporation of different kinds of cargo, especially for drug delivery purposes. In particular, their importance and effectiveness as delivery vehicles of various therapeutic agents for a variety of therapeutic applications, including different diseases and disorders such as cancer treatment, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, are emphasized. Administration routes of exosomes into the body are also included. A novelty in the article is the emphasis on global companies that are already successfully developing and testing such therapeutic biomaterials, with a focus on the most influential ones. Moreover, a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of exosome production is summarized for the first time.

Оцінка стану та перспективи розвитку крюїнгових послуг

The international shipping industry is responsible for the carriage of around 90% of world trade. Shipping is the life blood of the global economy.The food you eat, the clothes you wear, the oil that fuels your automobile-everything has been transferred via ships. In fact, most of the products in your vicinity now have probably been on a ship at some point!There are over 50,000 merchant ships trading internatio-nally, transporting every kind of cargo. The world fleet is registered in over 150 nations, and manned by over a million seafarers of virtually every nationality. Yet, it is all too easy to overlook the very real human element of shipping. The Seafarers. Whether the crew member be an Officer, Master/ Captain or Able Bodied Seaman everyone plays a vitally important role in our day to day life and crewing agencies are like a collecting link between seamen and shipowners. The purpose of the article is identifying theoretical background and genesis of crewing services; determining the pattern of maritime business impact on labor maritime market segment infrastructure and disclosure of addiction of efficient operation of a shipping company from quality of crewing services and also assessment of the current state and identification of the main factors which allow for crewing agency to develop own integration potential in order to state one of the leadest company in the maritime business.Considering the rapid development and scientific and technical process of the shipbuilding industry, growing number of new recruiting companies, hazardousjob and «humanfactor», it is allowed to courageously declare that a main key to success of crewing agency is quality selection of qualified maritime staff who directly affects competitiveness of the shipping company.Being a key link in the chain of «shipowner-crewing agency-maritime staff», the crewing company must have a managingapproach and development plans for the improvement of quality of provided services for seafarers and shipowners. Keywords: crewing agency, shipowner, maritime business, the development of crewing services.

Methodological Aspects of Developing an Efficient Transportation System for Products of Forestry Enterprises

Modern Russian timber industry is increasingly facing the problem of raw material shortage. The country has enough stock of root wood, however, a combination of objective factors does not allow calculated cut to be fully used. One of these factors is the transport inaccessibility of root wood. In this regard, a SWOT analysis of traditional transport modes used in the transportation of wood was performed, the strengths and weaknesses of each mode of transport were identified. It is proposed to use aircraft, namely airships as an alternative for transporting wood and other necessary kinds of cargo in the timber industry. Airships can significantly reduce the cost of transportation in the conditions of inaccessible taiga. The developed methodological approach allows us to justify the effectiveness of this type of transportation of products of forestry enterprises.

Serine-Selective Bioconjugation.

This Communication reports the first general method for rapid, chemoselective, and modular functionalization of serine residues in native polypeptides, which uses a reagent platform based on the P(V) oxidation state. This redox-economical approach can be used to append nearly any kind of cargo onto serine, generating a stable, benign, and hydrophilic phosphorothioate linkage. The method tolerates all other known nucleophilic functional groups of naturally occurring proteinogenic amino acids. A variety of applications can be envisaged by this expansion of the toolbox of site-selective bioconjugation methods.

SiR-actin-labelled granules in foraminifera: patterns, dynamics, and hypotheses

Abstract. Recent advances in fluorescence imaging facilitate actualistic studies of organisms used for palaeoceanographic reconstructions. Observations of cytoskeleton organisation and dynamics in living foraminifera foster understanding of morphogenetic and biomineralisation principles. This paper describes the organisation of a foraminiferal actin cytoskeleton using in vivo staining based on fluorescent SiR-actin. Surprisingly, the most distinctive pattern of SiR-actin staining in foraminifera is the prevalence of SiR-actin-labelled granules (ALGs) within pseudopodial structures. Fluorescent signals obtained from granules dominate over dispersed signals from the actin meshwork. SiR-actin-labelled granules are small (around 1 µm in diameter) actin-rich structures, demonstrating a wide range of motility behaviours, from almost stationarily oscillating around certain points to exhibiting rapid motion. These labelled microstructures are present both in Globothalamea (Amphistegina, Ammonia) and Tubothalamea (Quinqueloculina). They are found to be active in all kinds of pseudopodial ectoplasmic structures, including granuloreticulopodia, globopodia, and lamellipodia, as well as within the endoplasm. Several hypotheses are set up to explain either specific or non-specific actin staining. Two hypotheses regarding their function are proposed if specific actin labelling is taken into account: (1) granules are involved in endocytosis and intracellular transport of different kinds of cargo, or (2) they transport prefabricated and/or recycled actin fibres to the sites where they are needed. These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. The first hypothesis is based on the presence of similar actin structures in fungi, fungi-like protists, and some plant cells. The later hypothesis is based on the assumption that actin granules are analogous to tubulin paracrystals responsible for efficient transport of tubulin. Actin patches transported in that manner are most likely involved in maintaining shape, rapid reorganisation, and elasticity of pseudopodial structures, as well as in adhesion to the substrate. Finally, our comparative studies suggest that a large proportion of SiR-actin-labelled granules probably represent fibrillar vesicles and elliptical fuzzy-coated vesicles often identified in transmission electron microscope images.

Special Isothermal Two-leaf Roof Railway-car Using Gearing in Its Opening Mechanism

Railway-cars with various roof opening schemes have been built in our country for over 60 years. As compared to conventional cars, these ones are of great functionality. They allow carrying different kinds of cargoes of national economic significance almost with no loss, especially with regard to bulk and packaged cargoes. During transportation a roof of the cars protects these goods from wetting and blowing. To load cargo becomes easier and better since there is no need to use forklifts. Instead, cranes or other devices provide loading through the open roof of the car. In isothermal cars, designed to carry bulky cargoes, the opening roof also allows easy loading of cargo, and the appropriate opening scheme disables opening the joint, thereby ensuring unsealing prevention during rail transportation. The paper presents a fundamentally new system for opening a double-leaf roof of a special isothermal car designed to carry bulky cargoes, which development is based on the kinematic and force design analysis. Its engineering study and a complex of strength calculations that substantiate the proposed constructive solutions have been carried out. The proposed design of a double-leaf roof due to less sail and symmetry of loading is under less load as compared to a single-leaf roof, which, when optimizing its design, will lead to using force element cross-sections with a smaller area and to decreasing dimensions-and-weights of the entire structure. The proposed design option of a double-leaf roof with gear in the lifting and lowering elements solves the problems of ensuring the integrity between the roof and the isothermal car. The paper considers an option of using this car for national economic needs when its 4 electromechanical gears are connected by one common shaft with a power reducer placed outside the car on one of its end walls without using an electric motor when the roof is manually opened and closed. Such a car roof design makes considerably easier loading and unloading works with packaged, single-piece and bulk cargo of a wide variety, ensures their safe transit, and allows this car to run in non-electrified tracks.

Quay cranes scheduling at mixed cargo ports cargo ports in Viet Nam

Quay cranes are used to discharge cargo from and load onto a vessel. The throughput of a port highly depends on the efficient operations of quay cranes. In Vietnam ports, the cargo ports not only receive containers, but also other kinds of cargo. This study focuses on the scheduling problem of the quay cranes in these ports. The mathematical model is developed, and a meta-heuristic algorithm is used to solve the problems in reasonable computation time. The numerical examples are used to validate the performance of the algorithm.

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles.

For any living cell the exchange with its environment is vital. Therefore, many different kinds of cargo are able to enter cells via energy-dependent or -independent routes. Nanoparticles are no exemption. It is known that small silica nanoparticles with a diameter below 50 nm are taken up by cells and that their uptake exerts pronounced toxic effects beyond a certain concentration threshold. However, neither the exact uptake mechanism of these particles nor the actual reason for their toxicity has yet been elucidated. In this study we examined the uptake of silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 7, 12 and 22 nm by means of transmission electron microscopy, accompanied by toxicological assays. We show that for every particle diameter tested a different membrane morphology during uptake can be observed and that the amount of particles entering in one event is different for the three sizes. Silica particles with a diameter of 22 nm show single-particle internalization with a membrane wrapped around the particles in the cytosol, whereas 12 nm particles display row-like multi-particle uptake into elongated membrane structures and those with a diameter of 7 nm or less end up in tubular endocytic structures containing many particles. These membrane morphologies proved to be highly reproducible as we found them in five different cell lines. Additionally, we performed ATP and LDH assays to determine particle toxicity. Exceeding a certain concentration threshold the nanoparticles showed a high toxic potential both in the biochemical assay measurements and from morphological findings. We could not find any hint at the induction of apoptosis, neither morphologically nor biochemically. In this regard we discuss membrane damage and consumption as one possible mechanism of toxicity, linking morphological observations to toxicological findings to bridge the gap in understanding the mechanism of toxicity of small nanoparticles.

Dual-cargo selectively controlled release based on a pH-responsive mesoporous silica system.

A pH-controlled delivery system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) was constructed for dual-cargo selective release. To achieve a better controlled-release effect, a modified sol-gel method was employed to obtain MSNs with tunable particle and pore sizes. The systems selectively released different kinds of cargo when stimulated by different pH values. At the lower pH value (pH 2.0) only one kind of cargo was released from the MSNs, whereas at a higher pH value (pH 7.0) only the other kind of cargo was released from the MSNs. The multi-cargo delivery system has brought the concept of selective release to new advances in the field of functional nanodevices and allows more accurate and controllable delivery of specific cargoes, which is expected to have promising applications in nanomedicine.