Terms Of Kind Research Articles

Selección léxica y encuadre conceptual en el discurso de los progresistas españoles respecto a los debates de género de la XII legislatura (2016-2019)

This study analyzes the parliamentary discourse on gender equality made by PSOE and Unidos Podemos during the XII legislature (2016-2019). The research is based on a corpus made up of 77,828 words extracted from the thirty plenary debates that addressed issues related to gender equality during the XII legislature. The study combines the quantitative and qualitative perspectives to analyze whether there are asymmetries in the use of terms such as feminism, equality, cuidados or machismo. The analysis of the use of 31 lexical items shows that there are differences between the two parties, and that Unidos Podemos is the one that most frequently uses this kind of terms. This quantitative approach is completed with a qualitative study that analyzes which frames activate these words. The objective of this research is to give an account of how progressive political parties use the main terms in vogue in debates about gender equality. The main goal is, therefore, to see how ideology influences the lexical selection of political discourse.

CURRENT RESEARCHES ON THE ISSUE OF ASSESSMENT IN TRANSLATION DIDACTICS

This paper deals with studying the current research addressing the issues of assessment in translation didactics. The critical analysis of relevant scientific resources is aimed at finding out important theoretical achievements, empirical contributions and best practices in the sphere of organization and realization of the assessment aspects in translation teaching for grounding theorizing of the assessment system in teaching translation in the realm of education. In particular, the paper focuses on approaches, aims, functions, objects, kinds, methods and instruments, their peculiarities and requirements to them in terms of kind of translation, language pair, subject domain, higher education grade level. The outlined issues include incorporating industry assessment practices into education and academic training; forms and peculiarities of feedback and evaluation functions; methods (holistic, analytical, combined) of measuring and assessing translation quality, level of competence in translation and its components, learning objectives, efficiency of the translation process; methods of translation process monitoring; assessment criteria; finding, analysis and classification of translator's errors and mistakes; classification of kinds of assessment and ways of their realization; peculiarities of formative and summative assessment in translation teaching; involving students in assessment procedure; self-assessment and peer assessment and ways of their efficiency providing; testing in translation teaching.

The Domination of the Kurds

We do two things in this article: develop a novel conception of domination and show how the Kurdish people are dominated in this novel sense. Conceptions of domination are usually distinguished in terms of paradigm cases and whether they are moralised and/or normdependent accounts, or neither. By contrast, we argue there is a way of understanding domination in terms of distinct social kinds. Among kinds of domination, like economic or racial or sexual domination, there must be a specifically political kind of domination. Borrowing from Carl Schmitt’s framework of differing degrees of political enmity, we argue political domination is best understood as an existential form of domination whereby one people aim to prevent the independent existence of another people mainly through the uncontrolled power and extreme violence involved in absolute enmity. This conception of existential domination is offered as an example of a non-moralised, normindependent account of domination. We then argue that the Kurdish people, who are the largest stateless people in the world, suffer existential domination from the absolute enmity expressed towards them by the four nation-states they find themselves dominated within: Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran.

Kind terms and semantic uniformity

Kind terms and semantic uniformity

Kuhn, Putnam and the Reference

In some of his writings, Kuhn criticized Putnam’s causal theory of reference for natural kind terms put forward in his classic paper “The Meaning of ‘Meaning’” claiming that Putnam’s theory cannot explain the reference changes of natural kind terms. After looking into Kuhn’s objections to Putnam’s reference theory, some of the main features of Kuhn’s incommensurability thesis and some traits of Putnam’s later version of his theory, we will argue, on the one hand, that Putnam’s later reference theory contains some components that enhance the explanation of the reference change of natural kind terms, and on the other hand, that Kuhn’s and Putnam’s views on reference do no differ that much, especially in virtue ofcertain similarities between Kuhn’s incommensurability thesis and Putnam’s thesis of conceptual relativity.

Peace, Protest and Precarity: Making Conceptual Sense of Young People\u2019s Non-violent Dissent in a Period of Intersecting Crises

The current young generation are living through socio-historically situated intersecting crises, including precarity and climate change. In these times of crisis, young people are also bearing witness to a distinctive global wave of youth-led activism involving protest actions. Much of this activism can be deemed dissent because many young activists are calling for systemic change, including the radical disruption, reimagining and rebuilding of the social, economic and political status quo. In this interdisciplinary article, between politics and peace studies, we investigate how the concept of peace plays an important role in some young dissent, and specifically the dissent of young people taking action on climate change. We observed that these young environmental activists often describe their actions in careful terms of positive peace, non-violence, kindness and care, in order to express their dissent as what we interpret as positive civic behaviour. They also use concepts grounded in peace and justice to navigate their economic, political and social precarity. Based on a youth-centred study, drawing on insightful face to face semi-structured interviews in Britain and France with school climate strikers, Friday For Future (FFF) and Extinction Rebellion (XR) activists, we explore how young environmental activists themselves related their dissent, and especially how they attached importance to it being non-violent and/or peaceful. Stemming from our findings, we discuss how young environmental activists’ vision of violence and non-violence adapted to the structural and personal violence they face at the complex intersections of young marginalization, global inequalities and injustices in the lived impact of climate change and the policing of protest.

On the semantics of artifactual kind terms

AbstractWhat kind of reference (if any) do terms such as “pencil,” “chair,” “television,” and so on have? On the matter, a debate between directly referential theorists and descriptivist theorists is open. It is largely acknowledged that natural kind terms (such as “water,” “gold,” “tiger,” etc.) are directly referential expressions (cf. Putnam, 1975). That is, they are expressions whose reference is determined by their referents' nature, independent of whether we know or will ever know what this nature is. However, it does not seem likewise convincing that all artifactual kind terms (like “pencil,” “chair,” “television,” etc.) semantically behave the same. Terms for artifactual kinds seem more likely to be subjected to a descriptivist view, that is, definable not by links to their extensions' nature but in terms of conjunctions or clusters of properties. In his celebrated “The Meaning of ‘Meaning’” (1975), Hilary Putnam originated the mentioned debate by arguing that artifactual kind terms also refer directly. Thus, the discussion ultimately revolves around establishing whether artifactual and natural kind terms are both directly referential expressions. The authors engaged in this debate have tried to argue in favor of (or against) Putnam's proposal by highlighting the similarities (or differences) between natural vis‐à‐vis artifactual kind words and their respective referents. This paper aims to provide a thorough and reasoned overview of the debate at stake, pointing out trends and problems associated with each proposed account.

Fake gnus! (Or: there is no experimental evidence for the lazy person’s approach to philosophy)

ABSTRACT According to the ambiguity theory of reference for names and natural kind terms (AT), every name or natural kind term can be used (on separate occasions) both descriptively and causal-historically. In this paper we assess the experimental evidence for AT and its theoretical viability, given standard, well-known arguments in the literature. On both counts we find AT to be substantially lacking: the experiments claimed to favour it simply do not, and the standard, well-known arguments against descriptivism work equally well against it.

Resumptive Modifiers in English Grammar: An Eclectic Approach

The resumptive modifiers are critical devices in the English linguistic system that contribute significantly to the clarity and cohesion of texts. They are tackled by many major theories of grammar. Most grammar books and studies only deal with one type of such devices and there is no theoretical framework that aims to unify, within a single framework, all of the means in which resumption can be created in texts. For this reason, one of the main research questions is: 'What are the linguistic mechanisms for resuming texts in English?'. This study, then, aims to address all of these kinds and to examine their uses in authentic written formal English texts. It also aims to distinguish between all of the kinds in terms of form and use. This research adopts the model proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976) and Quirk et al. (1985) and follows a qualitative approach for analysing the data. The data are from two registers: journal articles and textbooks. The research has revealed that such a variation of register can affect the way in which such devices are used. In addition, the study has corroborated the hypotheses stated in (1.3). Thus, this research contributes to our understanding of such devices

Bare singulars and singularity in Turkish

This paper explores the semantics of bare singulars in Turkish, which are unmarked for number in form, as in English, but can behave like both singular and plural terms, unlike in English. While they behave like singular terms as case-marked arguments, they are interpreted number neutrally in non-case-marked argument positions, the existential copular construction, and the predicate position. Previous accounts (Bliss, in Calgary Papers in Linguistics 25:1–65, 2004; Bale et al. in Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT) 20:1–15, 2010; Görgülü, in: Semantics of nouns and the specification of number in Turkish, Ph.d. thesis, Simon Fraser University, 2012) propose that Turkish bare singulars denote number neutral sets and that morphologically plural marked nouns denote sets of pluralities only. This approach leads to a symmetric correlation of morphological and semantic (un)markedness. However, in this paper, I defend a strict singular view for bare singulars and show that Turkish actually patterns with English where this correlation is exhibited asymmetrically. I claim that bare singulars in Turkish denote atomic properties and that bare plurals have a number neutral semantics as standardly assumed for English. I argue that the apparent number neutrality of bare singulars in the three cases arises via singular kind reference, which I show to extend to the phenomenon called pseudo-incorporation and a construction that I call kind specification. I argue that pseudo-incorporation occurs in non-case-marked argument positions following Öztürk (Case, referentiality, and phrase structure, Amsterdam, Benjamins, Publishing Company, 2005) and the existential copular construction, whereas kind specification is realized in the predicate position. The different behaviors of bare singulars in Turkish and English stem from the fact that singular kind reference is used more extensively in Turkish than in English. Furthermore, while there are well-known asymmetries between singular and plural kind reference cross-linguistically, Turkish manifests a more restricted distribution for bare plurals than English in the positions where pseudo-incorporation and kind specification are in evidence. I explain this as a blocking effect, specific to Turkish, by singular kind terms on plural kind terms.

Expressivism, Inferentialism and the Simulation Game

Expressivism, Inferentialism and the Simulation Game

Training and resources of e-records readiness at the Federal Ministry of finance in Nigeria

Purposee-records have become an important tool through which a government is held accountable for good governance, transparency and delivery of services to citizens. Therefore, this study aims to assess availability of training and resources in a records management environment, as a way of determining e-records readiness at the Federal Ministry of Finance, Nigeria (FMFN).Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires and observation were used for data collection. Purposive and stratified sampling techniques were used. Quantitative data from the 250 usable questionnaires retrieved was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while qualitative data was analyzed manually.FindingsThe study findings revealed that FMFN has a records management unit with other resources such as a movable and lockable file cabinet, files, file holders, registers and computers. There is low budget allocation for records management activities. Training for records managers is infrequent. However, an orientation program for new staff exists. Employees prefer the following mode of training: seminars and workshops, internships and consultant-run training. In terms of kinds of training need, study participants noted that they require training on computer applications, e-records management and change management role of record management.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to employees of the Federal Ministry of Finance (FMF) in Abuja. As a result, the findings may not be generalized to other ministries in Nigeria.Practical implicationsIt is hoped that the study would benefit the public sectors that are desirous to opt for e-records management and provide benchmarks for policymakers, particularly on how to maintain proper e-records readiness status through training and resources.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to be conducted at FMFN on e-records readiness, more specifically on resources and training.

The adverse events of ibogaine in humans: an updated systematic review of the literature (2015-2020).

Ibogaine is the main alkaloid of the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. It produces hallucinogenic and psychostimulant effects, but it is currently known for the anti-addictive properties. Despite the potential therapeutic effects, several cases of fatalities and serious adverse events related to ibogaine/noribogaine use can be found in the literature. Most studies consist in case reports or were conducted under non-controlled settings, so causation cannot be clearly established. To update (2015-2020) the literature on the adverse events and fatalities associated with ibogaine/noribogaine administration. Systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Eighteen studies were included in the final selection. Highly heterogeneous results were found in terms of kind of product used or the known dosages. The adverse events were classified in acute effects (< 24h), mainly cardiac (the most common was QTc prolongation), gastrointestinal, neurological, and clinical alterations, and long-lasting effects (> 24h), mainly persistent cardiac alterations, psychiatric, and neurological signs. There is a high need of phase I clinical trials that can describe the safety of different dosages of ibogaine with standardized products. Further research should perform clinical profiling of vulnerable populations, and design effective screening methods and clinical procedures.

Two approaches to natural kinds

Philosophical treatments of natural kinds are embedded in two distinct projects. I call these the philosophy of science approach and the philosophy of language approach. Each is characterized by its own set of philosophical questions, concerns, and assumptions. The kinds studied in the philosophy of science approach are projectible categories that can ground inductive inferences and scientific explanation. The kinds studied in the philosophy of language approach are the referential objects of a special linguistic category—natural kind terms—thought to refer directly. Philosophers may hope for a unified account addresses both sets of concerns. This paper argues that this cannot be done successfully. No single account can satisfy both the semantic objectives of the philosophy of language approach and the explanatory projects of the philosophy of science approach. After analyzing where the tensions arise, I make recommendations about assumptions and projects that are best abandoned, those that should be retained, and those that should go their separate ways. I also recommend adopting the disambiguating terminology of “scientific kinds” and “natural kinds” for the different notions of kinds developed in these different approaches.

Indeterminacy and reference: comments on Roads to Reference

Roads to Reference: An Essay on Reference Fixing in Natural Language by Mario Gómez-Torrente provides an ample attack against certain more recent variants of descriptivism in the theory of reference. The book discusses a wide variety of expressions, but the focus of this short note is on proper names and natural kind terms. In the case of proper names, indeterminacy plays an important role in Gómez-Torrente’s critical argument. Some questions related to it are raised. As to natural kind terms, the differences between ordinary kind terms and (proto-) scientific kind terms are discussed, and the somewhat ignored relevance of reference borrowing for natural kind terms is emphasized.

Stability of energy landscape for Ising models

In this paper, we explore the stability of the energy landscape of an Ising Hamiltonian when subjected to two kinds of perturbations: a perturbation on the coupling coefficients and external fields, and a perturbation on the underlying graph structure. We give sufficient conditions so that the ground states of a given Hamiltonian are stable under perturbations of the first kind in terms of order preservation. Here by order preservation we mean that the ordering of energy corresponding to two spin configurations in a perturbed Hamiltonian will be preserved in the original Hamiltonian up to a given error margin. We also estimate the probability that the energy gap between ground states for the original Hamiltonian and the perturbed Hamiltonian is bounded by a given error margin when the coupling coefficients and local external magnetic fields of the original Hamiltonian are i.i.d. Gaussian random variables. In the end we show a concrete example of a system which is stable under perturbations of the second kind.

Supervision of Human Resource Management during the Covid 19 Pandemic

Personnel management will demonstrate how businesses should recruit, develop, use, assess, and retain workers in terms of both amount (quantity) and kind (quality) The goal of this article is to implement a project assigned to one of the Entrepreneurship Courses during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The process of identifying and recruiting the personnel required by the company to become employees is known as recruitment. Vacancies, promotions, transfers, retirements, terminations, permanent disability, death, and labor turnover may need recruiting. A successful HR strategy requires the completion of many stages. Human Resource Planning (HRP) is a set of actions that a company does to anticipate future business and environmental needs. Human resource planning is required to fulfill the organization's requirements for specific jobs to be filled. The procedure includes identifying which jobs must be filled, the number of workers required, and when they will be required. In HR planning activities, job analysis has a tight connection with job analysis (Human Resources) Efforts to move and reorganize work activities in different groups are included in job design restructuring. Employee training is a long-term investment in workforce development that pays out handsomely. It's a technique/tool for executive management and growth.

The potential of Agrivoltaic systems in TURKEY

Turkey is located in unique geographic position and it is like a bridge between the continents of Asia and Europe. Besides this, it lying partly between 36°–42° NL and 26°–45° EL in the Northern Hemisphere. Turkey has total surface area 780,043 km2 and its land use areas’ 31.1% is agricultural lands. Turkey Statistical Institute (TUIK) state that Turkey’s population is 83.155 million in 2020. Population growth rate of country is 13.9% as annually. On account of Turkey’ vary topographical characteristics, it has available many climate zones. These are Mediterranean Climate that is hot, dry summers and rainy, mild winters, the Black Sea Climate that is although in the coastal area cool summer and warm winters, snowy the higher parts climate is snowy and cold, also the Terrestrial Climate have high temperature differences between day and night-summer and winter. In addition to the Marmara Climate shows all of above side climate characteristics due to transition between the Terrestrial, Black Sea and Mediterranean climates. Turkey is situated in a geography quite lucky in terms of solar energy. Although it is geographically well located, it is limited in terms of agricultural land. Agrivoltaic systems are a good concept in terms of expanding the agricultural lands and increasing the efficiency of the produced electricity from solar systems. Agrivoltaic system is a kind of term or method which is combination of growing crops and producing electricity on the same land. In solar plant, to produce 1 MW electricity requires approximately 20.000 m2 land. The total installed capacity is 6493 MW of Solar Power Plants in 2019, in Turkey. When calculated require area to total produce capacity in Turkey, it is obtained that approximately 130 km2 area is needed. In addition, in term of the suitable agricultural products to be grown are vegetables between the PV panel arrays and 25% of agricultural crops produced in Turkey are vegetables. This study aims that presentation to the potential of Agrivoltaic system especially considering three cities in Turkey.

Novel Expressions for the Derivatives of Sixth Kind Chebyshev Polynomials: Spectral Solution of the Non-Linear One-Dimensional Burgers’ Equation

This paper is concerned with establishing novel expressions that express the derivative of any order of the orthogonal polynomials, namely, Chebyshev polynomials of the sixth kind in terms of Chebyshev polynomials themselves. We will prove that these expressions involve certain terminating hypergeometric functions of the type 4F3(1) that can be reduced in some specific cases. The derived expressions along with the linearization formula of Chebyshev polynomials of the sixth kind serve in obtaining a numerical solution of the non-linear one-dimensional Burgers’ equation based on the application of the spectral tau method. Convergence analysis of the proposed double shifted Chebyshev expansion of the sixth kind is investigated. Numerical results are displayed aiming to show the efficiency and applicability of the proposed algorithm.

Optimization of the future remnant liver: review of the current strategies in Europe.

Liver resection still represent the treatment of choice for liver malignancies, but in some cases inadequate future remnant liver (FRL) can lead to post hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) that still represents the most common cause of death after hepatectomy. Several strategies in recent era have been developed in order to generate a compensatory hypertrophy of the FRL, reducing the risk of post hepatectomy liver failure. Portal vein embolization, portal vein ligation, and ALLPS are the most popular techniques historically adopted up to now. The liver venous deprivation and the radio-embolization are the most recent promising techniques. Despite even more precise tools to calculate the relationship among volume and function, such as scintigraphy with 99mTc-mebrofenin (HBS), no consensus is still available to define which of the above mentioned augmentation strategy is more adequate in terms of kind of surgery, complexity of the pathology and quality of liver parenchyma. The aim of this article is to analyse these different strategies to achieve sufficient FRL.