Kind Of Statement Research Articles

Unfinished Poetry

Unfinished Poetry

Праздник Эл Ойын как этнокультурный символ в конструировании имиджа Республики Алтай

The purpose of the study is to highlight the ethnocultural role of the El Oiyn holiday as a symbol that has semantic meanings that are important while constructing the image of the Altai Republic. The relevance of the topic is manifested in the fact that, thanks to the established tradition to celebrate the event together with another important event or an anniversary date, El Oiyn 2022 is dedicated to the Year of the Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of Russia and the 100th anniversary of the Oirot Autonomous Region creation. The source database of the study which includes field materials, documentation, information from the regional press, and the Internet, made it possible to conclude that “society and government materialize memory” through the creation of museum expositions, book and photo exhibitions, holidays and festivals dedicated to the date of the Oirot autonomy formation, renamed the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region in 1948. It is revealed that the national holiday El Oiyn has acquired the features of a cultural event, has become a kind of statement in the cultural and sports spheres. Due to the tourist popularity of Altai, the El Oiyn holiday is becoming focused on the commercial needs of the leisure industry. The image of the Republic of Altai is manifested in the demonstration of the El Oiyn holiday as an ethnocultural symbol, but therefore the born folk meaning of the first holidays is lost. The experience of holding the El Oiyn holiday allows us to conclude that the Altai national holiday is held not only at the level of an official event but acts as a form of self-expression of the Altaians’ modern ethnic culture. The characteristic of the ritual practice to honor the natural environment of the Altai-deity, carried out by the elders in the morning on the opening day of the El Oiyn holiday, is also given. Presented a review of documents, namely regional laws, adopted in connection with the organizing problems, they consider the traditional symbolism of honoring the Altai nature while determining the place and date of the event, which has acquired national significance and acts as an interregional holiday attracting folklore groups and amateur athletes from neighboring regions. The El Oiyn holiday is not an exclusively Altai phenomenon, but one of the forms of transition from the culture of the past to a new ethnic culture.

MODAL LOGIC BETWEEN TRADITIONNAL (ARISTOTLE, IBN SINA) AND CONTEMPORARY APPROACH

Aristotle founded the science of logic in order to control language source of fallacies and sophistry. He built his syllogistic on two basic principles: non-contradiction and the excluded middle. He distinguished between different types of statements: declarative and non-declarative, only the first type was used in syllogism’s theory, because it is a tool of demonstrative science. He divided them, declarative statement, into two categories: Assertorics, and modals (necessary, possible, contingent, impossible) which he encountered difficulties in his logical analysis, because it is out of frame two valued according to the two principles, such as propositions that occur in the future whose cannot be determined now. This kind of statement was also treated by the Muslims logicians, especially Ibn Sīnā who expanded the modal concept to other field like Temporal modalities (always, sometimes, never), but he could not get out the Aristotelian context. The concept expended in contemporary logic system to include other sort of modality like: epistemological, deontic, tense … This resulted the emergence of contemporary logical systems, (epistemic logic, deontic logic, tense logic), whose approach differs from the traditional one. The propose of the article is to show the difference between the approaches Keywords: Logic; Modality; Epistemological; Deontic, Temporal; Truth; False.

Smoke Evacuation Filters After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Smoke Evacuation Filters After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Releasing Affects or the Release from Affects. The Case of Freud and Spinoza

In this paper, the author is questioning the very concept of “indifferenceof thinking”. The author also asks: in what sense thinkingleads to “overall indifference”? What, indeed, is indifference? Carefullyreading the philosophical texts on affects, mainly Spinoza, Freud,Bergson and Deleuze, the author argues, that indifference is not akind of non-affection, beside-affection, post-affection, but rather, itis a trace of affect – just as cinders are remnants of fire. Indifferenceis not abnegation either, which is a kind of statement that we couldnot care less. On the contrary, it is in indifference where we find aprofound commitment to bringing back the things of this world totheir natural position.

Anscombe i la unitat d’«Intention»

espanolLa conviccion de que la «intencion» no cambia de significado en varios contextos, sino que debe representar un concepto unico y distintivo, enmarca el argumento de Anscombe en Intention; sin embargo, la explicacion de este concepto y el esquema de su unidad general son apenas reconocibles en su libro. Una de las razones es que Intention parte de una triple presentacion del concepto en nuestro lenguaje natural y desarrolla dichos aspectos de forma fragmentaria. Otra es la oscuridad de la nocion de conocimiento practico que introduce, precisamente para clarificar aquello que haria que el tema fuera perspicuo en su conjunto. Este articulo subsana la oscuridad recapturando primero los rasgos de la logica filosofica de Anscombe y utilizandolos para explicar la triple division y su coconstitucion en un contexto mas amplio de conducta racional. Una vez hecho esto, la investigacion de la epistemologia de la accion deriva hacia el enfoque de la logica de Anscombe, donde se hace mas claro que este contexto mas amplio muestra una forma distinta de pensar. EnglishThe conviction that ‘intention’ is not semantically ambiguous but has a single and distinctive meaning frames the argument of Anscombe’s masterwork Intention. What this meaning is, however, is barely recognizable in her book. One reason for this difficulty is that Intention starts from a threefold division of the appearance of the concept in our natural language and proceeds to develop its various accounts piecemeal. Another is the obscurity of the notion of ‘practical knowledge’ it introduces, precisely for shedding the light that would make its topic perspicuous as a whole. The present article aims to amend this obscurity by providing both a schema of unity for the various parts of the division and an account of the fixed character of the concept. For the former task, the article recaptures Anscombe’s technical use of the term ‘a kind of statement’, uses it to clarify the nature of the division’s parts, and argues that they are co-constituted in a larger context of rational proceedings. Having done this, the article shows that the point of such proceedings is to display the validity of practical reasoning in a given case. It analyses Anscombe’s account of this kind of validity, providing thereby the representation of the fixed character of ‘intention’ as a distinct form of thinking. catalaLa conviccio que la «intencio» no canvia de significat en diversos contextos, sino que ha de representar un concepte unic i distintiu, emmarca l’argument de G.E.M. Anscombe a Intention; tanmateix, l’explicacio d’aquest concepte i l’esquema de la seva unitat general gairebe no es reconeixen en el seu llibre. Una de les raons es que Intention parteix d’una triple presentacio del concepte en el nostre llenguatge natural i desenvolupa aquests aspectes de forma fragmentaria. Una altra es l’obscuritat de la nocio de coneixement practic que introdueix, precisament per aclarir allo que faria que el tema fos perspicu en conjunt. Aquest article repara l’obscuritat tornant a capturar primer els trets de la logica filosofica d’Anscombe i utilitzant-los per explicar la triple divisio i la seva coconstitucio en un context mes ampli de conducta racional. Un cop fet aixo, la recerca de l’epistemologia de l’accio deriva cap a l’enfocament de la logica d’Anscombe, on es fa mes clar que aquest context mes ampli mostra una forma diferent de pensar.

КРЕСТЬЯНИН НА ВОЙНЕ И В СОВЕТСКОМ КОНЦЛАГЕРЕ (В РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯХ В. БЫКОВА, А. СОЛЖЕНИЦЫНА, В. ШАЛАМОВА)

Peasants, like people from other social strata, in the war or in a soviet concentration camp for at least some time live with their past experiences, memories, habits and stereotyped behaviors. It also turns out that the past can be important aid in developing a heroic system of relations with the enemy or in the necessary patience for survival. Vasil Bykov writes about this in the story «The sign of trouble», and Andrey Platonov, for example, in the story «The officer and the peasant». But the past can and does determine the behavior of the peasant even when he cannot free himself from the painful and destructive things that his former life has left in him. And in this case, he betrays himself, his family and friends, including his own future, in the face of the enemy, turns out to be an enemy of his people and eventually dies a shameful death. Vasil Bykov wrote about it in his stories «Sotnikov» and «Crane cry». According to Alexander Solzhenitsyn's novel «One day of Ivan Denisovich», the life of a peasant in a camp is simpler than that of people who are not adapted to hard work. Sometimes this life is even characterized by a kind of enthusiasm. But this kind of statement is not confirmed by Varlam Shalamov, who observes the rapid leveling of a person from any social group into a semi-human, a typical worn out prisoner. Who is right – Solzhenitsyn or Shalamov? Probably everyone has their own truth. But they agree with one thing – the rejection and curse of soviet totalitarianism.

Resisting “Law and Order” in California: Howard Moore Jr., Angela Davis, and the Politics of Prison Radicalism

Resisting “Law and Order” in California: Howard Moore Jr., Angela Davis, and the Politics of Prison Radicalism

REVOLUTION AND IDENTITY

Identity is a constant sign of social groups in peace and stability, but it is problematic in times of crisis (war, revolution, civil conflict, social crisis, etc.) when community is aware not only who he is, but also rethinking who it wants or should be. Especially when an enemy appears, or at least «the image of the enemy». Identity is the birth of a political subjectivity in a community that is geopolitically considered an object of international relations. In the literature, the cliché has already become a kind of statement about the fact that Ukraine is an object and not a subject of international relations, a change card in foreign geopolitical games. That is, the self-consciousness of the nation is worthless and does not affect anything. To refute this statement is the main purpose of this article. The objective of the article is to integrate, unbiased, objective analysis of the formation of the Ukrainian political nation, conducted from different points of view. In this regard, the article consists three parts, devoted to three different aspects of the problem: a purely geopolitical review of the works of the most well-known and influential scholars on the problem of Ukrainian-Russian relations after the revolutionary events in Ukraine and their futurological predictions; identity problems associated with the war on the Donbass; the influence of modern mass media into the formation of the ideology of the hybrid war and the hybrid world. The theoretical basis of the article is based, first of all, on the geopolitical postulates of freedom from ethical assessments and, on the contrary, the importance of geographical dates. The search and articulation of these data is the main scientific novelty of the article. In many respects, we relied on the methodology of geopolitical analysis introduced by John Friedman and Samuel Huntington, and tried to combine their positions into a coherent and holistic picture. The main conclusions of the work can be summarized in approximately these theses. Culture, not just politics and geography, matters. Identity is not a constant, it is a variable and super-complicated construct, aimed more for the future than the past. The ideology of nationalism can be both useful in the process of becoming a nation and state creation, and erroneous when it contradicts the picture of the post-modern world of the XXI century and the principles of democracy.

Is there a Commonsense Semantic Conception of Truth?

Alfred Tarski’s refinement of an account of truth into a formal system that turns on the acceptance of Convention-T has had a lasting impact on philosophical logic, especially work concerning truth, meaning, and other semantic notions. In a series of studies completed from the 1930s to the 1960s, Arne Naess collected and analysed intuitive responses from non-philosophers to questions concerning truth, synonymy, certainty, and probability. Among the formulations of truth studied by Naess were practical variants of expressions of the form “p’ is true if and only if p’. This paper calls attention to a series of experimental results Naess overlooked in his original study. These data collectively suggest that acceptance of expressions of the form “p’ is true if and only if p’ varies according to what kind of statement p is.

An explicit Andre--Oort type result for $\mathbb{P}^1(\mathbb{C}) \times \mathbb{G}_m(\mathbb{C})$ based on logarithmic forms

Using linear forms in logarithms we prove an explicit result of Andre Oort type for P-1(C) x G(m)(C). In this variation the special points of P-1(C) x G(m)(C) are of the form (alpha, lambda), with a a singular modulus and lambda a root of unity. The qualitative version of our result states that if C is a closed algebraic curve in P-1(C) x G(m)(C), defined over a number field, not containing a horizontal or vertical line, then C contains only finitely many special points. The proof is based on linear forms in logarithms. This differs completely from the method used by the author recently in the proof of the same kind of statement, where class field theory was applied.

Form, Content, and the Inimitability of the Qurʾān in ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī’s Works

Classical Arabic literary theory is commonly thought to have given precedence to ‘form’ (lafẓ) over ‘content’ (maʿnā). By looking at the works of ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī (d. 471/1078 or 474/1081), this article seeks to uncover a more complex understanding of how lafẓ and maʿnā relate to eloquence. I argue that poetic beauty can result from form and/or content, even though the inimitability of the Quran is only attributed to form. I show that ‘form’ is constituted by sentence construction (naẓm) and only certain kinds of literary figures, ones that involve processes of indirect signification. These encompass figurative speech (majāz), metaphor (istiʿāra), and implied meaning (kināya). Simile (tashbīh), on the other hand, is distinguished from these literary figures as a declarative kind of statement, which renders it part of content. This opens up the possibility of eloquence resulting from content as well as form and shows that the criteria for iʿjāz and poetic excellence are not necessarily one and the same.

<b>Pensando o laconismo no discurso publicitário

Current paper investigates the construction of a particular kind of statement called laconism. The discursive form is constructed by an en unciation modality that aggregates military, religious and economic spaces, and is characterized by ‘tell mo re in fewer words’. It is the hallmark of Greek civilization and typical of Christ’s universal phrases. The enunciation structure is basic and omnipresent in the myth construction within consumer society. Current investigation deals with the advertising discourse, more particularly, Coca-Cola advertisings, as a contem porary myth. French Discourse Analysis coupled to Foucault’s and Barthes’s works foreground the essay

Explaining Foreign Policy: International Diplomacy and the Russo-Georgian War by Hans Mouritzen and Anders Wivel

Anyone interested in understanding – or explaining – foreign policy has plenty of material to work with. The 193 current members of the United Nations represent an unimaginable number of possible bilateral relationships, to say nothing of the multilateral combinations and different issue areas to be taken into account. And this is to focus on one historical moment alone, when most analysts want to draw on the treasure trove of history for their arguments. It must therefore be evident that if we want to make any general kind of statement about foreign policy behaviour we have to do it on along three sets of lines: (1) a priori analysis about the nature of foreign policy and the environment at which it is directed; (2) extrapolation from a small number of cases, which may or may not be explicitly claimed to be ‘representative’ and/or particularly revealing of things that are of general importance; and (3) systematic data collection of a ‘big N’ set of cases of a given class of events or actors. Almost all work in the field of Foreign Policy Analysis falls into one or other of these categories, while all three have their merits. The a priori analysis of the first approach is variously that adopted by realism in its different forms, but also by some variants of constructivism. Extrapolation from case-studies – a form of induction – is common, as in the use of famous works by Glen Paige or Graham Allison, and to a lesser extent in my own Cabinet Decisions in Foreign

Quebec and Canadian Fiscal Federalism: From Tremblay to Séguin and Beyond

AbstractSixty years ago, in late 1953, Quebec launched the hearings of the Royal Commission on Constitutional Problems—or Tremblay commission. Commenting the publication of its report, political scientist Alexander Brady boldly argued in this journal that Quebec had been, until the late 1950s, the “guarantor” of Canada's fiscal system's flexibility (1959: 270). Emphasizing the system's evolution since the 1950s “constitutional problems,” some specialists now contend, as the economist Robin Boadway does, that Canada became the “textbook best-practice of fiscal federalism” (2007: 99). The Tremblay commission's sixtieth anniversary and the termination, in 2014, of the current agreement on federal transfers, provide an opportunity to reassess this evolution and question the validity of this kind of statement.

The Interplay of Psychology and Mathematics Education: From the Attraction of Psychology to the Discovery of the Social

It is a rather safe statement to claim that the social dimensions of the scientific process are accepted in a fair share of studies in the philosophy of science. It is a somewhat safe statement to claim that the social dimensions are now seen as an essential element in the understanding of what human cognition is and how it functions. But it would be a rather unsafe statement to claim that the social is fully accepted in the philosophy of mathematics. And we are not quite sure what kind of statement it is to claim that the social dimensions in theories of mathematics education are becoming more prominent, compared to the psychological dimensions. In our contribution we will focus, after a brief presentation of the above claims, on this particular domain to understand the successes and failures of the development of theories of mathematics education that focus on the social and not primarily on the psychological.

I-Non-Inferential Knowledge

This paper looks at statements I am in a position to make ‘straight off’: observational judgements, perceptual and memory statements, statements about my posture, my intentions, and so on. These kinds of statement pose a problem: what is the nature of my entitlement to them? I focus on observational judgements and on two contrasting approaches to them. The first, which I reject, provides an account of my warrant for them; the second, which I defend, disconnects my entitlement from possession of a justification. I consider what light the second approach sheds on the other kinds of statements I am in a position to make straight off.

Who makes use of the enduring guardianship provisions in Tasmania (Australia) and what do they write on the forms?

Under the provisions of the Guardianship and Administration Act 1995 in the state of Tasmania (Australia), the document of appointment has to be registered with the Guardianship and Administration Board....

Impact of the Code of Ethics on Workplace Behavior in Academic Libraries

In information professions, the ability and willingness of those in service to act with integrity and for the cause of the greater good is a point of pride to those serving and an area fundamental to the peace of mind of those seeking assistance. Librarians, in particular, work diligently to serve their communities and advocate the ideals that are crucial to the stability of a democratic society and an informed citizenry: freedom of speech, free flow of and access to information, awareness and protection of intellectual property rights, and equitable treatment of those seeking information. However, while these values are generally upheld by the Library and Information Science (LIS) field, there has always been some contention surrounding the idea of librarianship as a profession in the areas of job function and educational requirements (Edwards, 1975; Salonen, 2003; Smith, 2006; Gordon, 2008; Lonergan, 2009), professional image and status (Lancour and Rossi, 1961; Shaffer, 1968; Wilson, 1979; McDermott, 1984; Arant and Benefiel, 2003; Luthmann, 2007), and relevancy, enforceability and usefulness of the American Library Association (ALA) Code of Ethics (COE), (Goode, 1961; Murray, 1990; Finks, 1991; Hauptman, 2002; Sturgeon, 2007; ALA, 2009). Books about the evolution of librarianship as a profession (Ennis & Winger, 1961; Shaffer, 1968; Budd, 2008) and library ethics (Hauptman 1988; Hauptman 2002; Preer 2008) have been written; and conversations about all of these concerns have found their way into new venues of communication, like web logs (Houghton-Jan, 2008; R. Deschamps, 2010; Deschamps, 2010). Sometimes, ruminations about the COE have been combined with discussions about academic library values (Peterson, 1983; Dole & Hurych, 2001), always with heavy acknowledgement towards parity between meaningful ethical principles and LIS' legitimate claim to professional status.A quick review of the characteristics of a profession (body of theory, professional authority, community sanction, a binding code of ethics, and a professional culture) shows that librarianship still has quite a bit of ground to cover; however, some literature implies that it is librarians-not society-that keep them from enjoying the full benefits of professional status-namely, that the public easily recognizes librarianship as a profession (Schuman, 1990; Adams, 2000). Articles concerned with how librarians are perceived externally (and internally by other librarians) are numerous. Even the ALA's official publication, American Libraries, has a regular column titled How the World Sees Us. However, upon closer inspection, we find that the negative archetypal image of the librarian may be decreasing (Kroll, 2004; Luthmann, 2007). Where there was once an old Caucasian spinster with a petty penchant for quiet and patron condescension, there is now the helpful guide on the side and bold adventurer. This change in public perception is crucial as we delve into issues of ethical behavior, not only because LIS professionals are in the public eye more often, but because that publicity stresses the importance of principled behavior with our communities and each other.In 1968, Rothstein noted quite bluntly concerning the COE that [L]ibrarians, like any other professional group, need some kind of statement which will indicate who they are and what they stand for. Indeed, we need such a statement more than most other professional groups, because we librarians have always had trouble in identifying to the general public-and even to ourselves (p. 157). In turn, the trouble librarians have explaining their role in society has been linked to how they choose to adhere to their profession's core values (Usherwood, 1980). While discussions about the COE's pitfalls have always held the spotlight in LIS literature, Hoffman's 2005 survey of Texas librarians is the only one that begins to address COE knowledge and links to professional association membership. …

Psychiatry and Values

Psychiatry and Values Gregory E. Kaebnick This issue of the Hastings Center Report includes a special report that comes out of a three-year Hastings Center research project on controversies surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in children. Over the last couple of decades, the number of children diagnosed with mental disorders has risen significantly, and so, too, has the number of children prescribed medications. Some critics have accused psychiatry of overdiagnosis—of sometimes diagnosing children with psychiatric disorders when their behavior is actually within the range of normal. This controversy led Erik Parens and Josie Johnston, authors of the report and the Hastings Center investigators in this project, to ask what a psychiatric diagnosis is: what kind of statement is it? Is it just a statement of fact? Or does it necessarily reflect individual and cultural values? Similarly, how does a treatment decision work? These matters are exceedingly complex, Parens and Johnston argue. Both the diagnosis of a disorder and the decision about how to treat a disorder (when one is diagnosed) incorporate value judgments at several junctures. This dependence on value judgments helps explain disagreements in diagnosis and treatment. Of course, both diagnosis and treatment also incorporate facts that everyone can agree to, and ultimately, some factual claims about diagnosis are possible. One of the most significant of these noted in the report is that a careful examination of diagnostic patterns in pediatric psychiatry reveals not just overdiagnosis but also misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. The special report is part of a growing body of work at the Center that looks at how "normal" is defined and deployed. Parens, for example, has also conducted projects on surgical normalization of children's bodies, on prenatal testing for disability, and on the use of enhancement technologies. The approach toward which Parens has been moving over the course of these projects is characterized by what he sometimes calls "binocularity." That word does not pop up in this report, but the idea certainly does. The values at stake in diagnosis and treatment decisions sometimes compete with each other. Parens and Johnston argue, for example, that a treatment decision can be influenced both by the value of efficiency—it's nice when treatments are quick and convenient—and the value of engagement—for there is value, too, in taking time to work with a child and with his environment. Efficiency and engagement compete with each other on occasion, and when they do, it's important to remember both of them. That's binocularity: keeping competing values in tension with each other, recognizing that both values pull on our allegiance and that while some individuals may lean toward one value, others may in similar circumstances lean toward the other, and neither may be wrong. Which is to say, neither is right. Both are defensible. As I understand it, then, binocularity assumes a distinction between public and private morality (between "cultural and individual values," in Parens and Johnston's language). That distinction is not widely accepted in bioethics, I believe—most discussions try to sort out which value should win out in which kinds of cases—but accepting it might well lead to a richer bioethics. [End Page 2] Copyright © 2011 The Hastings Center