Kind Of Social System Research Articles

FAMILY HEALTH – A KEY FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF CHILD HEALTH

Family is a kind of social system, the basic cell of society and is defined as a group of people who have a biological relationship with each other or are related, live together, and have a common budget. Each family, according to its structure, members, and dominant sex, is different, but its function and purpose of existence are the same. Among family members there is moral responsibility, social and physical necessity, reproduction, and maintenance of biological continuity. Educational, business, and economic relationships are also strongly expressed. On one hand family health is influenced by various risk factors, and on the other by family members with risky behavior or personal health status. There are specialists who, during various medical or non-medical procedures, can diagnose specific health problems or deviations from health norms of behavior of a member or members of one family. It is the family physician who knows the bio-psycho-social problems and risk factors of given family and can act to prevent or treat imbalances. Impaired family health reflects directly or indirectly on the health of all family members. The negative influence is essential and could subsequently lead to deterioration or complete disintegration of family health. Family can be an etiological factor for some diseases, but it can also have a decisive role in prevention of diseases, in taking care of one’s own health, in combating chronic diseases and in early detection of others. Family and child health are closely interdependent. The family environment in which a child grows up and the parental example determine the future character of a person, and what its attitude in future professional tasks, in healthy way of life and the principles of help and mutual aid will be. That is why the role of parental example influences the formation of, even builds the image of a future own family and the role of present child in that future family. The importance of parental behavior in relation to adolescent disruptive/risk-taking behavior should not be underestimated. Particularly important is the emphasis on factors external to the family unit, such as neighborhood, school, peers, and the media. Socio-economic factors should not be neglected either, because low incomes have negative impact and most often are the cause of improper diet and unbalanced nutrition, while poor housing conditions determine either poor-formed health and hygiene habits or their total absence. Since family has a leading role in formation of adolescents, its participation in health promotion is strongly recommended. These recommendations for family-focused health promotion are based in part on findings from several lines of research, including family aggregation and studies of parental influence on health during childhood and adolescence.

Thoughts on Mazdaism and Mazdaist Societies in Central Anatolia after the Fall of the Achaemenid Persian Empire

Our knowledge regarding how Mazdaist communities in Central Anatolia managed to survive, what kind of social organization they used to have and possible alterations over their beliefs after the fall of the Achaemenid Persian Empire is sadly limited. Archaeological evidence and information gleaned from historical records do not provide direct answers to the problems, but instead allow the development of some suggestions. The relationship between the possible independent local beliefs and religions that have had worship of fire at their center, and Mazdaism is another point that deserves serious attention in the search for answers. Most of the information on the subject has been taken from historical records. Historical records —and a small number of archaeological evidence— scattered across different time periods indicate, at its greatest extent, the existence of Mazdaist communities in Central Anatolia as far back as Late Antiquity. This paper aims to evaluate some historical events that occurred after the fall of the Achaemenid Persian Empire in terms of local identity and belief and to make some suggestions about the history of Mazdaist communities and the possibility of a sect of Mazdaism peculiar to Central Anatolia.

ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНІ ГРОМАДИ ЯК ПРОДУКТИВНА СИЛА РЕГІОНУ

The current stage of restoration of Ukrainian society requires in-depth study and improvement of theories and concepts of economics. Effective deployment of the country's productive forces and balanced development of its regions is an important condition for ensuring sustainable development of the national economy as a whole. A special direction of economic science has already been singled out in Ukraine: 08.00.05 development of productive forces and regional economy. Many recommendations have already been provided in relevant studies, but there are still many opportunities to make this more effective. The purpose of the study is to analyze and develop practical recommendations for the use of local communities as a productive force of the regions to ensure sustainable development of the national economy as a whole. The methodological basis of the study were legislative and regulatory acts, modern scientific and applied research of territorial communities. In order to substantiate proposals for the enrichment of productive forces by such a complex entity as a united territorial community, the article uses dialectical methods, the results of research on various disciplines of the humanities, methods and principles of scientific knowledge. The main hypothesis of the study was the assumption of the possibility of organizing viable territorial communities and using their combined potential to restore the positive dynamics of the economy in the postwar period. Presenting main material. The relationship between the role of economic and social capital in productive activity has changed in favor of social, which led to the definition of enterprise as an organization - a kind of social system, uniting people who jointly pursue a common goal and act on certain principles and rules. Important factors in the socio-economic development of society as a whole include the ability not only of scientists but also of individual businesses to generate and effectively use new knowledge about the nature of complex phenomena. The use of this knowledge provides organizations with an increase in intellectual capital, creates guarantees of high competitiveness. The originality and practical significance of the study is due to the analysis of the structural components of cluster formations, taking into account regional characteristics. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Important factors in the socio-economic development of society as a whole include the ability not only of scientists but also of individual businesses to generate and effectively use new knowledge about the nature of complex phenomena. Analysis and development of practical recommendations for the use of territorial communities as a productive force of the regions create the basis for determining the current reserves for the restoration of society in the postwar period. Under the new economic conditions, the requirements for the coordination of economic efficiency and social justice, professional mobility of the employee are growing.

Trickle-down effect of moral leadership on unethical employee behavior: a cross-level moderated mediation model

PurposeMoral leadership is a common leadership style in Chinese society and is of great significance to Chinese organizations. Unethical employee behavior also widely exists in all kinds of social organizations and brings great harm. The research on the relationship between moral leadership and unethical employee behavior has not been involved yet, but it is important. This paper studies how moral manager (senior leader) leadership trickles down to unethical employee behavior through moral supervisor (employee direct supervisor) leadership, and discusses the moderating effect of LMX and ethical climate.Design/methodology/approachThrough the questionnaire survey of 406 pairs of leaders and employees, and use multilevel path analysis, we test the hypothesis in this paper.FindingsThe research results show that (1) Moral manager leadership is negatively related to unethical employee behavior. (2) Moral supervisor leadership mediates the relationship between moral manager leadership and unethical employee behavior. (3) LMX positively moderates the relationship between moral manager leadership and moral supervisor leadership, and moderates the mediating effect of moral supervisor leadership. (4) Ethical climate positively moderates the relationship between moral supervisor leadership and unethical employee behavior, and moderates the mediating effect of moral supervisor leadership.Originality/valueFirst, this study further proves that moral leadership is a popular positive leadership among the three dimensions of paternalistic leadership that extends its influence to unethical employee behavior. Second, this study traces the source of the moral leadership of employees' supervisors and reveals the action mechanism of how moral manager leadership affects unethical employee behavior. Finally, LMX provides the organizational context of the trickle-down effect and the occurrence of unethical employee behavior.

Educação Superior e Povos Indígenas: Experiências, Estudos e Debates na América Latina e em outras Regiões do Mundo

O universo de experiências de Educação Superior por/para/com os povos indígenas atualmente em curso a escala mundial constitui um campo acadêmico e social –em sentido amplo– cada vez mais importante e diverso. Os avanços neste campo são resultado das lutas dos povos indígenas, bem como dos movimentos sociais antirracismo, de direitos humanos, e de educação popular. Também têm estado associados às práticas institucionais de algumas universidades e outros tipos de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), assim como aos de algumas agências intergovernamentais e de cooperação internacional, uma diversidade de organizações sociais, fundações privadas, setores de várias igrejas, e algumas agências governamentais. Estes avanços têm sido possíveis também graças ao compromisso de uma grande variedade de indivíduos, como líderes, anciões e sábios de organizações e comunidades locais; estudantes e docentes de todos os níveis educativos; investigadores e funcionários de universidades e outras IES; incluindo tanto membros desses povos como outras pessoas que não pertencemos ao povo, ou não nos auto identificamos como tais. Este artigo apresenta um pano- rama deste campo de experiência e de estudos em América Latina, Austrália, Canadá, Estados Unidos, e Nova Zelândia, com algumas referencia complementarias ao seu desenvolvimento na Noruega e na República Sul-africana.

KONFLIK ANTAR UMAT TERHADAP KEYAKINAN BERGAMA DI INDONESIA

Religion is a kind of social system created by its adherents who process on the non empirical powers it believes and empowers to achieve their salvation. Every religion always carries a mission of peace and harmony of life, not just between people, But also among fellow creatures of God. But in the historical level the religious mission is not always articulate. Besides as a social unifier tool, religion becomes an element of conflict that can give to loss of life and property. Conflict is a squabble; Disagreements; Contradiction. If this word is combined with social terms it becomes a disagreement between members of society who are comprehensive in life. According to conflict theory, society is a state of continuous conflict between groups and classes and tends towards disputes, tensions, and changes. The conflict between Muslims and Christians if analyzed further, is not entirely due to the different conceptions between the two adherents. Political, social, economic, and so on are often detached from observation, so religion is used as a means of legitimizing the aggressive and radical attitudes of the group to one another.

Agents Vs. Users

Several approaches have been researched to help people deal with abundance of information. An important feature pioneered by social tagging systems and later used in other kinds of social systems is the ability to explore different community relevance prospects by examining items bookmarked by a specific user or items associated by various users with a specific tag . A ranked list of recommended items offered by a specific recommender engine can be considered as another relevance prospect. The problem that we address is that existing personalized social systems do not allow their users to explore and combine multiple relevance prospects. Only one prospect can be explored at any given time—a list of recommended items, a list of items bookmarked by a specific user, or a list of items marked with a specific tag. In this article, we explore the notion of combining multiple relevance prospects as a way to increase effectiveness and trust. We used a visual approach to recommend articles at a conference by explicitly presenting multiple dimensions of relevance. Suggestions offered by different recommendation techniques were embodied as recommender agents to put them on the same ground as users and tags. The results of two user studies performed at academic conferences allowed us to obtain interesting insights to enhance user interfaces of personalized social systems. More specifically, effectiveness and probability of item selection increase when users are able to explore and interrelate prospects of items relevance—that is, items bookmarked by users, recommendations and tags. Nevertheless, a less-technical audience may require guidance to understand the rationale of such intersections.

The Subject and the World: Educational challenges

The paper explores the notion of ‘the subject’ in the context of education as an alternative to more limited concepts such as the student or learner. Drawing on the thought of Cornelius Castoriadis, the subject under consideration is a conscious, self-reflective subject that organizes and modifies itself in relation to a world of significations. Through the capacity for conscious self-modification, the subject becomes a self-reflective agent in a socially instituted world of significations. For Castoriadis, this kind of subjectivity is not readily available in every kind of social organization; rather, it is a possible product of a society that has instituted itself explicitly or autonomously. This socially instituted reflexivity is for Castoriadis historically associated with democracy, politics and philosophy. In the second part, the discussion is extended to the non-human realm and the world of the living being. Here, too, meaning—or proto-meaning in the case of the living being—is a constituent in the formation of a world. In this discussion, where Francisco Varela is an important source, concepts such as meaning, signification, normativity and purpose are introduced in the natural sciences, or rather, the sciences of human and non-human nature. The aim of the paper is twofold: on the one hand, to introduce pedagogical reflections into discussions about human on non-human nature; and, on the other, to develop a richer conceptual repertoire for exploring educational phenomena than what is immediately available. An important background, in both cases, is the possibility of ecological crisis, which poses new problems for educators.

The Sociolinguistics of Persian SMS: Ways to Identify Age Limits

A kind of social system which eases communication is language. Any form of language is very important for different types of communication: interpersonal and inter-group. A form of this social system is short messaging system (SMS) or texting which has been used increasingly since 1990’s. Text messaging, as a language style, is used in everyday life to maintain social networks, to regulate events and to help entertain oneself in the open moments of one’s day. This paper thus examines the SMS style of language communication between two groups of young and middle-aged people. Thirty messages are taken randomly from 10 cell phones (five from each group). Then we analyze the effects of the writers’ characteristic (age) on message length (number of words), dialogue structure (with or without an opening and a closing), and message function (informative vs. relational) to investigate variations among these two age groups. The paper concludes that a significant difference is found between young and middle-aged texters’ linguistic properties.

Performance, Space, Time: The Production of Interiority in Black Rock City

ABSTRACTTemporary environments for revelry and celebration offer incredible opportunities for exploration, experimentation, and empowerment; the impermanent nature of experience is mesmerizing when we cherish the moments and wish they would last forever. Ephemeral spaces constitute an amazing laboratory for researching the social production of interiority. When researching temporary environments, there is hardly a better case for ephemerality and enchantment than the surreal phenomenon of Burning Man, an event that creates Black Rock City in the Nevada desert. Black Rock City provides a safe and supportive environment for experimenting with new kinds of social organization, new relationships, norms, and rules of behavior, as well as new forms of art and new spatialities. The goal of this project is to explore the production of space by this alternative culture that physically gathers for only one week each year. The objective is to highlight the social nature of the interiorization of space in this city constructed for celebration, where people experience, collaborate, and take pride in their work. At Black Rock City, the interiorization of space becomes a product of social inclusion, sharing, and personal transformation. This is a realm where the production of space is tantamount to the production of interiority. The Burner culture produces a continuous, free-flowing, and all-inclusive interiority in its accommodation and celebration of creativity, diversity, and spirituality.

Preface to the Special Issue on Personalization in Social Web systems

The new generation of web systems known as Web 2.0 or Social Web systems offers a new challenge to the researchers and practitioners working on Web personalization. An already broad stream of new information created by owners and developers ofWeb sites and information systems is being joined by another stream of information produced by the users of various kinds of social systems—from user-submitted content in various blogs and wiki sites, to shared bookmarks, pictures, and movies on social bookmarking and tagging sites, to a range of information about users themselves on social networking sites. The need for personalization in Social Web systems is arguably even more important than in traditional Web systems. Not only is the volume of user-contributed information potentially much larger, but also traditional information access infrastructure (such as indexes, directories, information maps) is typically not available in Social Web systems. For example, finding a relevant blog post in a chaotic distributed blogosphere is much harder than finding a relevant news article in a well-organized news site. While sometimes considered a luxury in classic information systems, personalization has become a necessity in Social Web systems. A number of research groups worldwide have already begun to explore classic personalization techniques in this new context; however, early results frequently demonstrate that a mere reuse of old techniques is not always the best way forward as these technologiesmay notwork efficientlywithin the new contexts. New ideas, approaches,

Why We Were Surprised (Again) by the Arab Spring

Why We Were Surprised (Again) by the Arab Spring

Do the Modern Neurosciences Call for a New Model of Organizational Cognition?

Our purpose in this paper is to try to make a significant contribution to the analysis of cognitive capabilities of the organization of active social systems such as the business enterprise by re-examining the concepts of organizational intelligence, organizational memory and organizational learning in light of the findings of modern neuroscience. In fact, in this paper we propose that neuroscience shows that sociocognitivity is for real. In other words, cognition, in the broad sense, is not exclusive to living organisms: Certain kinds of social organizations (e.g. the enterprise) possess elementary cognitive capabilities by virtue of their structure and their functions. The classical theory of organizational cognition is the theory of Artificial Intelligence. We submit that this approach has proven to be false and barren, and that a materialist emergentist neuroscientific approach, in the tradition of Mario Bunge (2003, 2006), leads to a far more fruitful viewpoint, both for theory development and for eventual factual verification. Our proposals for sociocognitivity are based on findings in three areas of modern neuroscience and biopsychology: (1) The theory of intelligence and of intelligent systems; (2) The neurological theory of memory as distributed, hierarchical neuronal systems; (3) The theory of cognitive action in general and of learning in particular. We submit that findings in every one of these areas are applicable to the social organization.

An Outline of Social Enterprises*

AbstractAfter a review of the main academic research and perspectives on social enterprises both in China and abroad, a framework for understanding social enterprises is offered in summary. The framework has two dimensions: the social enterprise phenomenon and social enterprises’ characteristics. We also adopt three angles ‐ the public interest, markets, and culture ‐ from which to observe them. And we analyze them on four levels: market practices, public-interest innovations, policy support, and ideals and values. Upon these foundations, social enterprises can be defined as a form of enterprise somewhere between public-interest and for-profit enterprises, a product of the organic combination of the public interest and the market economy, and a kind of social organization combining properties and characteristics of NPOs and enterprises. As they develop, social enterprises in China have formed their own characteristics and specific models.

APSIC: Its future

The Asian Pacific Society of Interventional Cardiology (APSIC) aims to promote interventional cardiology, particularly in the field of coronary intervention, in the Asian Pacific area. The Society was registered on November 17, 2000 and it comprises members from the Asian Pacific area; the diversity of our membership base is our key asset. A few members from each member nation/region are nominated or elected as Nation Representatives who reflect the views and opinions of members in their country. These representatives constitute the APSIC Advisory Board and meet at least once every year. Over the past 10 years, the APSIC was so privileged to have many world-famous distinguished Presidents. Owing to their tremendous contributions, our Society has been definitely established recognized reputation in the field of interventional cardiology not only in the Asia Pacific region but also throughout the world. After enormous coordination and communication with many well-known global interventional cardiology societies, since 2005 we have established our own sessions in the EuroPCR, TCT, and SCAI meetings, and these meetings are not held in the Asia-Pacific region but are mainly in the United States and Europe. During the last presidency of Dr. Seung-Jung Park (2006–2008), our Society had established an independent secretariat office in Hong Kong. Apart from this, a new format of council consisting of Nominating Committee and Honorary Board was also set up. Whilst the formation of Credential Committee, the Scientific Committee, Business Affairs Committee, and Audit constitute the Executive Committee. All of these footprints were made by the incredible efforts from the past Presidents and also from the superb enthusiasm and dedication of all the APSIC Advisory Board members and fellows among the nations/regions. Although the number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in the Asia-Pacific region is still less than the total number of PCI in the United States or in the Europe, it is unbelievably increasing almost 10% per year, compared to 2–3% growth or even drop down in the Europe or United States. This surprising growth rate in the Asia Pacific region is affected by the rapid growth of local economy. Seeing that our Society has an important role in the development of interventional cardiology throughout the region and over the world, in order to provide continuing commitment to the public, it is our responsibility to develop interventional cardiology from our region toward the world. To fulfill the above commitment, I've introduced the following missions to cope with the future development of APSIC. We will focus on generating and placing important articles in our website, including articles on the famous public related issues, which will be published in the APSIC Official Journal—Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. This should be made from the dedication and contribution of the APSIC fellows and advisory board members. In the Asia Pacific arena, there are a lot of young talented physicians who do not have sufficient opportunities to learn more about interventional cardiology. To make it a continuity, we should have the responsibility to educate these young talents not only through the scientific meetings with live demonstrations but also by mutual visits and by discussing, studying, and teaching in the catheter laboratories. The world is made up of different cultures, languages, religions, and many kinds of social systems or historical conflicts. However, to focus on the passion in interventional cardiology, we believe that we can build up mutual collaboration across any kinds of borders through the power of science and the love of humanity. I believe that both of the above elements are essential in performing goon activity in the Interventional Cardiology world. These attitudes, I trust, are inherited in all the members of the APSIC. The above missions will be my drive as the President of APSIC. If you want to share your thoughts, please write to me at [email protected]

Organisational structure as determinant of knowledge management technology in law enforcement

Organisations are constructed, like any other kind of social system. An organisation is observable through the actions and interaction of its members. Police officers act and interact with each other and with people in the environment. The basic element in organisation structuring includes division of labour and coordination mechanism. This conceptual research paper suggests a link between the design of organisational structure in law enforcement and the use of knowledge management technology in policing. Future research is encouraged to empirically investigate relationships in the research model presented.

Archaeological record of the Adriatic offshore islands as an indicator of long-distance interaction in prehistory

This article explores the proposition that the archaeological record of small, remote islands with scarce resources reflects the intensity of long-distance interaction in prehistory, taking as an example the Adriatic offshore islands. The best represented periods, the early Neolithic and the end of the Copper Age, correspond to the times of large-scale stylistic unity, the former, of the Mediterranean Impressed Wares, and the latter, of Bell Beakers. During those periods, radical innovations were introduced over vast areas of Europe, first, a new subsistence economy, and second, a different kind of social organization. In both cases, long-distance interaction would have played a crucial role.

Applied System and Control Sciences to Social Systems: Globalization Age Paradigms

Modern advanced information technologies resulting from automation of control and decision processes along with ubiquitous communications have a multitude of impacts on development of national economies within the global economy. Thus all kinds of social systems, being essentially human centred systems, is a cross-, inter- and multi-disciplinary challenge to systems and control researchers. Social systems in modern civilization are reviewed from the systems science viewpoint and on the grounds of recent developments in control science and technology and with regard to globalization paradigm. The innovative systems approaches employing results from hybrid systems theory and dynamical networks are needed to address the now-old challenges of combined knowledge and technology transfer world-wide for sustainable development that may remedy climate change and some of the negative socio-economic aspects of globalization.

Molecular Phylogenetics of the Exoneurine Allodapine Bees Reveal an Ancient and Puzzling Dispersal from Africa to Australia

Previous phylogenetic studies of the bee tribe Allodapini suggested a puzzling biogeographic problem: one of the key basal divergences involved separation of the southern African and southern Australian clades at a very early stage in allodapine evolution, but no taxa occur in the Palaearctic or Asian regions that might suggest a Laurasian dispersal route. However, these studies lacked sufficient sequence data and appropriate maximum likelihood partition models to provide reliable phylogenetic estimates and enable alternative biogeographic hypotheses to be distinguished. Using Bayesian and penalized likelihood approaches and an expanded sequence and taxon set we examine phylogenetic relationships between the Australian, African, and Malagasy groups and estimate divergence times for key nodes. We show that divergence of the three basal Australian clades (known as the exoneurines) occurred at least 25 Mya following a single colonization event, and that this group diverged from the African + Madagascan clade at least 30 Mya, but actual divergence dates are likely to be much older than these very conservative limits. The bifurcation order of the exoneurine clades was not resolved and analyses could not rule out the existence of a hard polytomy, suggesting rapid radiation after colonization of Australia. Their divergence involved major transitions in life history traits and these placed constraints on the kinds of social organization that subsequently evolved in each lineage. Early divergence between the African, Malagasy, and Australian clades presents a major puzzle for historical biogeography: node ages are too recent for Gondwanan vicariance hypotheses, but too early for Laurasian dispersal scenarios. We suggest a scenario involving island hopping across the Indian Ocean via a series of now largely submerged elements of the Kergulen Plateau and Broken Ridge provinces, both of which are known to have had subaerial formations during the Cenozoic. [Bayesian; biogeography; dispersal; Gondwana; Kerguelen Plateau; penalized likelihood.].

Soziologia garaikidearen krisia

This paper claims that contemporary sociology is in crisis because there is a growing difference between reality and its intellectual representation. If this situation characterizes every scientific theory as long as it is a mere attempt to approach reality, it became problematical since the 1970’s. The theories, concepts and methods proposed by sociology are not as useful as they were to understand society in its complexity. The reasons of this crisis —revealed by the absence of unity, the limits of a coherent vision of society, and the feebleness of its influence on society— must be searched in the partiality and the unidimensionality of sociological paradigms. Indeed, because of sociological, institutional and scientific mutations (society is changing, system and sub-systems are coming apart and the actor is coming back), contemporary sociology is disoriented. The theories built against classical sociology (in particular, symbolic interactionism and ethnometodology, methodological individualism and strategic analysis, actionalism and genetic structuralism) all make the same mistake. They make a choice between actor and system, change and permanence, a kind of social organization and another, or deduce one from another, without considering the relations amomg them and without searching their integration. Precisely, it is necessary to do the contrary in accordance with two principles : every paradigm proposes relevant theories, concepts and methods and there is more proximity amomg them than many researchers think. Therefore, it is necessary to elaborate a theory of complexity trying to integrate different views.