Kinds Of Policies Research Articles

8.I. Workshop: Populist radical right and health: National policies and global trends

Abstract Populist radical right (PRR) parties have been steadily expanding, not only in the number of supporters they gain and the seats they win in governments, but more importantly they have been increasingly elected into governmental coalitions as well as presidential offices. With the prominence of these authoritarian, nationalistic and populist parties, it is often difficult to discern what kind of policies they actually stand for. Particularly with regards to the welfare state and public health, it is not always clear what these parties stand for. At times they call for a reduction of health-related welfare provision, despite the fact that this goes against the will of the “ordinary people”, their core supporters; they often promote radical reductions of welfare benefits among socially excluded groups - usually immigrants, whom are most in need of such services; and finally they often mobilize against evidence-based policies. The purpose of this workshop is to present the PRRs actual involvement in health care and health policies across various countries. As PRR parties increase and develop within but also outside of the European continent it is necessary to keep track of their impact, particularly with regards to health and social policies. Although research surrounding PRR parties has significantly expanded over the last years, their impact on the welfare state and more specifically health policies still remains sparse. This workshop will present findings from the first comprehensive book connecting populist radical right parties with actual health and social policy effects in Europe (Eastern and Western) as well as in the United States. This workshop presents five country cases (Austria, Poland, the Netherlands, the United States) from the book Populist Radical Right and Health: National Policies and Global Trends. All five presentations will address PRR parties or leaders and their influence on health, asking the questions “How influential are PRR parties or leaders when it comes to health policy?” “Do the PRR actually have an impact on policy outcomes?” and “What is the actual impact of the health policies implemented by PRR parties or leaders?” After these five presentations, the participants of the workshop will be engaged in an interactive discussion. Key messages As the number of PRR parties increase worldwide and their involvement in national governments become inevitable, new light must be shed on the impact these political parties have on public health. Politics needs to become better integrated into public health research. The rise of PRR parties in Europe might have serious consequences for public health and needs to be further explored.

Review: Black Rights / White Wrongs: The Critique of Racial Liberalism, by Charles W. Mills

Review: Black Rights / White Wrongs: The Critique of Racial Liberalism, by Charles W. Mills

How does the Government of Indonesia empower SMEs? An analysis of the social cognition found in newspapers

PurposeThis study aims to acknowledge that most Indonesian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience slow growth. It highlighted that this sluggishness is because of some falsification of Indonesia’s ecological psychology. It focuses on investigating the situated cognition that probably supports this falsification, such as affordance, a community of practice, embodiment and the legitimacy of peripheral participation situated cognition and social intelligence theories.Design/methodology/approachThis study obtained data from published newspapers between October 2016 and February 2019. The authors used the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis and the J48 C.45 algorithm. The authors analyzed the data using the emergence of news probability for both the Government of Indonesia (GoI) and Indonesian society and the situated cognition concerning the improvement of the SMEs. The authors inferred ecological psychology from these published newspapers in Indonesia that the engaged actions were still suppressed, in comparison with being and doing.FindingsThis study contributes to the innovation and leadership policies of the SMEs’ managerial systems and the GoI. After this study identified the backward-looking practices, which the GoI and the people of Indonesia held, this study recommended some policies to help create a forward-looking orientation. The second one is also a policy for the GoI, which needs to reduce the discrepancy between the signified and the signifier, as recommended by the structuralist theory. The last one is suggested by the social learning theory; policies are needed that relate to developing the SMEs’ beliefs, attitudes and behavior. It means that the GoI should prepare the required social contexts, which are in motoric production and reinforcement. Explicitly, the authors argue that the GoI facilitates SMEs by emphasizing the internal learning process.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors present some possibilities for the limitations of this research. The authors took into account that this study assumes the SMEs are all the same, without industrial clustering. It considers that the need for social learning and social cognition by the unclustered industries is equal. Second, the authors acknowledge that Indonesia is an emerging country, and its economic structure has three levels of contributors; the companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, then the SMEs and the lowest level is the underground economy. Third, the authors did not distinguish the levels of success for the empowerment programs that are conducted by either the GoI or the local governments. This study recognizes that the authors did not measure success levels. It means that the authors only focused on the knowledge content.Practical implicationsFrom these pieces of evidence, this study constructed its strategies. The authors offer three kinds of policies. The first is the submission of special allocation funds from which the GoI and local governments develop their budgets for the SMEs’ social learning and social cognition. The second is the development of social learning and social cognition’s curricula for both the SMEs’ owners and executive officers. The third is the need for a national knowledge repository for all the Indonesian SMEs. This repository is used for the dissemination of knowledge.Originality/valueThis study raises argumental novelties with some of the critical reasoning. First, the authors argue that the sluggishness of the Indonesian SMEs is because of some fallacies in their social cognition. This social cognition is derived from the cultural knowledge that the GoI and people of Indonesia disclosed in the newspapers. This study shows the falsifications from the three main perspectives of the structuration, structuralist and social learning theories. Second, this study can elaborate on the causal factor for the sluggishness of Indonesia’s SMEs, which can be explained by philosophical science, especially its fallacies (Hundleby, 2010; Magnus and Callender, 2004). The authors expand the causal factors for each gap in every theory, which determined the SMEs’ sluggishness through the identification of inconsistencies in each dimension of their structuration, structuralism and social learning. This study focused on the fallacy of philosophical science that explains the misconceptions about the SMEs’ improvement because of faulty reasoning, which causes the wrong moves to be made in the future (Dorr, 2017; Pielke, 1999).

Indifference pricing of pure endowments via BSDEs under partial information

In this paper, we investigate the pricing problem of a pure endowment contract when the insurance company has a limited information on the mortality intensity of the policyholder. The payoff of this kind of policies depends on the residual life time of the insured as well as the trend of a portfolio traded in the financial market, where investments in a riskless asset, a risky asset and a longevity bond are allowed. We propose a modeling framework that takes into account mutual dependence between the financial and the insurance markets via an observable stochastic process, which affects the risky asset and the mortality index dynamics. Since the market is incomplete due to the presence of basis risk, in alternative to arbitrage pricing we use expected utility maximization under exponential preferences as evaluation approach, which leads to the so-called indifference price. Under partial information this methodology requires filtering techniques that can reduce the original control problem to an equivalent problem in complete information. Using stochastic dynamics techniques, we characterize the indifference price of the insurance derivative in terms of the solutions of two backward stochastic differential equations. Finally, we discuss two special cases where we get a more explicit representation of the indifference price process.

PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM DISTRIBUSI TANAH ATAU LAHAN PERKEBUNAN (Studi Literatur Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Perspektif Abu ‘Ubaid Al-Qasim Bin Salam)

With the development and welfare reasons, the government diverts thousands hectare civil‟s gardens for the sake of oil palm plantation development. Beside the unfair handing the Ulayat land mechanism, the switch function of productive agricultural lands led to growing economic inequality which lead to the conflict. Therefore, the thought of Abu Ubaid in the book of al-Amwal regarding the law and politics in the land or plantations as a benchmark in achieving solution upon the issue. The research question in this study namely: How does the view of Abu „Ubaid about the government's role in the distribution and management of plantations? and what kind of policies is needed, so it can effectively decrease the gaps in the current farm/land owner?. The methodology in this present study used descriptive research which is library-based research. The data were analyzed qualitatively. Data used in this study is qualitative data obtained from an authentic source comprising a source of primary data and secondary data sources. The results show that that the law and the way of Abu „Ubaid provide a solution to the inequality of land ownership is very different from the government policy in Indonesia. One of the policy which is to clarify over the abandoned land by tenants is for three years and then the government takes the right for the land. The government has the authority to give the land to a new tenant who wants to turn the land becomes more productive.Keywords: Goverment. Land or Farming, Abu Ubaid Al-Qasim bin Salam

THE MODELS OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE IN NORWAY AT THE END OF THE XXth CENTURY – THE BEGINNING OF THE XXIst CENTURY IN THE CONTEXT OF GENDER EQUALITY

The aim of the research is to describe, to analyse and to compare different models of the work-life balance, which were implemented in Norway to remove the gender asymmetry at the end of the XXth century – the beginning of the XXIst century. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systemicity and interdisciplinarity. The following methods have been used while carrying out the research: general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, generalization) and specially-historical (historiographical analysis, retrospective, historical-comparative). The gender approach, which is aimed to critically analyse the processes of constructing, interiorization and reproducing social representations of “masculine” and “feminine”, as well as the peculiarities of the activity and interaction of men and women in various spheres of life through the prism of gender hierarchy, has been applied. The scientific novelty of the research consists in comprehending models of work-life balance in Norway in the context of gender equality. The Conclusions. During the end of the XXth century – the beginning of the XXIst century the three main models of work-life balance were implemented in Norway – the universal breadwinner, the universal caregiver and the caregiver parity. Norway, in contrast to many other European countries, offers its citizens a wide range of models of work-life balance. This kind of policy has its advantages and disadvantages, because the “freedom of choice” is often a smokescreen behind which there is a patriarchal structure reproduction. In particular, the “cash-for-care” system, which is the essential part of caregiver parity model, is based on the patriarchal ideology. The universal breadwinner model, which is the most popular among the Norwegians, does not promote gender equality as well, because it still puts the main part of caregiving on women. At the same time at the beginning of the XXIst century the dilemma of choosing a model of work-life balance obtained the intersectional connotation due to the large number of immigrants-representatives of other ethnic groups, cultures, and religions.

Learning in environmental governance: opportunities for translating theory to practice

ABSTRACT Environmental governance is characterized by complex dynamic issues where new knowledge is constantly emerging that can shape how we understand the system and what kinds of policies and strategies are most effective. As a result, targeted mechanisms to acquire, translate, and disseminate knowledge into new policies are critical for adaptive environmental governance. The scholarship on learning in environmental governance has exploded in the past two decades leading to new empirical and theoretical insights. However, lacking from this literature is an examination of how these insights can inform practice. Here we explore evidence from the scholarship studying learning in environmental governance that can inform practitioners who engage in and manage environmental planning and decision-making processes. Three key factors are drawn from the scholarship that may foster learning: face-to-face dialog that is open and ongoing; cross-scale linkages; and investments in institutional rules, norms, and shared strategies for intentional learning. We translate these findings into strategies for environmental governance practitioners and explore how to mitigate some of the factors that constrain learning across many governance contexts.

Quantifying the Economic Cost of Reducing GHG Emissions through Changes in Household Demand: A Linear Multi-Sectoral Approach for European Countries

The mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions can be approached in various ways: from the supply side, by using improvements in technologies and input uses; and from the changes in the demand for products, by influencing consumer behavior to achieve a more sustainable consumption pattern. Either way it can be approached using multi-sectoral data based on an input–output or on a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) framework, although a suitable database and the proposal of appropriate indicators are needed. A suitable database is developed through the estimation of new SAMs for the latest possible period, that of year 2015. This paper focuses on the demand approach: that of changes in the demand for products. It analyzes the different impacts among activities and commodities of a change in domestic household consumption patterns, compares the potential reductions in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions obtained through the reduction of specific demands, and considers the consequent reduction in output and employment. For this purpose, a linear multi-sectoral analysis is employed that focuses on the main EU member states. Despite major differences between countries, the results show that a decrease in emissions through demand-reduction policies exerts greater negative effects on those less polluting sectors with a higher intensity in the labor force, and offers a more suitable option for those highly polluting sectors with a lower concentration of the work factor. Richer countries that are based on service sectors therefore suffer a sharper drop in employment using this kind of policy.

The INCITE model of policy development for the creative industries: the case of Vietnam

PurposeThis paper develops a new model of policy development for the creative industries in a transitional economy setting. These sectors could potentially make a significant contribution to the continuing growth of the Vietnamese economy; however, they are currently held back by a lack of policies designed to support themDesign/methodology/approachThe paper uses data collected from a mixed-methods study of the creative and cultural sectors in Vietnam. The paper combines quantitative results from a mapping project with ethnographic observations and several qualitative interviews to identify the policy needs of the sector.FindingsThe paper develops the INCITE model of policy development composed of four parts: education and human resources, infrastructure, intellectual property rights and freedom of speech.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to our understanding of the kinds of policies needed to support the creative industries by exploring their development in an economy transitioning from a state planned economy to a market-driven one.

Diplomatic Relations between Yemen and the united kingdom in the reign of Imam Ahmad Hamidualdin (1948-1962)

this paper deals with the Anglo Yemeni diplomatic relations in the time of Imam Ahmed Hami dualdin. This relation was governed by tow deferent contradicted aspects: 1- the desperate need of Imam Ahmed to the British support 2- the claim of the Yemen government over Aden and the British protectorate. A descriptive and analytical historical method was used to reach a fair understanding to such relations. The study concluded that the political circumstances which Prevailed in Yemen at that time forces Imam Ahmed to use that kind of policy toward Great Britain.

Analisis Dikotomi Ruang dan Ekonomi di Kabupaten Sragen, Jawa Tengah

Sragen Regency can be divided into two areas based on its tiphologycal feature, that are the north and south part area of Bengawan Solo River. Those area not only have a different kind of soil based on tiphology but also have different degree of economic growth. The goals of this paper are to define which part of the Sragen Regency that has a high and low economic growth and what kind of policies that match with the problems of those areas. The method used in this paper is dividing the area of Sragen Regency into four part based on spatial feature and the economic growth. The result are, the area that have a high growth mostly located in south part of Bengawan solo and the area that have a low growth mostly located in north parth of Bengawan Solo.The policies for the low growth areas is driven to strengthen the main sector and to develop another promising sector that can be used to increase society income. While, the policies for the high growth areas mainly driven to find an indigenous product that can be used to determined the identity of the whole region, and also to make the final output resulted from the areas having a competitive ability against another region in the Central Java Province.

The limits of liberal integrity

ABSTRACT Nili’s important book presents us with an intriguing idea in chapter five. If we see the liberal state as having integrity then that means certain kinds of policies should be prioritized by the state. I cast doubt on this argument by contending that the priorities of liberal integrity are either no different from liberal egalitarianism or are misguided. I also argue that history has little normative force as Nili suggests.

Comment on “The Southeast Asian Economies in the Age of Discontent”

Comment on “The Southeast Asian Economies in the Age of Discontent”

Exploring biomass power generation’s development under encouraged policies in China

Biomass power generation is a resource-friendly, environment-friendly industry that requires policy support. Our contribution lies in that we proposed a system dynamics model to analysis the development of biomass power generation under emission trading scheme and investment subsidy in China. To our best knowledge, there is no research about this issue by system dynamics now. We found that (1) Due to the resource limitation, the trends of installed capacity of straw and waste incineration power generation in all scenarios are characterized by an “S” shape. (2) In the early stages of development, when two policies are issued simultaneously, they can reinforce each other. As time goes by, when biomass power generation is basically mature, two kinds of policies will weaken each other. (3) The change of investment subsidy has a greater impact than the change of emission trading price. In addition, waste and straw power generations are more sensitive to an increased subsidy than to a decreased subsidy. Waste power is more sensitive to an increased permit price, while straw power is more sensitive to a decreased permit price. The results and policy implications in this paper can help Chinese government to establish policy schemes for developing biomass power generation.

Nation v. State: Constitutionalizing Transnational Nationhood, Creating Ethnizens, and Engaging with Kin-Foreigners in Europe and Asia

AbstractIn the interstices of international law, quite a number of states have developed strategies to reach out to and engage with their diasporic populations or ethnonational kin outside of their borders who are not their citizens but citizens of the state in which they habitually reside. Some states even provide for that kind of policy in their Constitutions. Some states grant preferential treatment and special rights to “kin-foreigners,” thereby creating “ethnizens.” This article canvasses provisions in national Constitutions in Europe and Asia that provide grounds for engaging with the members of the nation outside of the state, analyzes the modes of engagement—mainly ethnizenship practices and various ways to strengthen links with diasporas—and examines the rules of engagement. It shows that the international norm has not provided effective guidelines regarding the strategies of transnational nation-building beyond the personal boundaries of the state and concludes that the decoupling the nation from the state registered by the transnational nationhood strategies falls short of constituting a departure from the logic of the Westphalian nation-state.

Employee Retention- A study of retaining talented employees in an education sector

The purpose of this paper is to find out the tools and techniques use by employers to retain their talented employees in their organization. The primary objective of this study is to analyze what kinds of problem are faced by employees who force them to leave the institution and join new organization. Moreover, the environment condition and other fringe benefits they want. The study is conducted on 120 employees of institutions at higher level of private universities of Punjab, in which all these employees give their views about employee retention and express their opinion through questionnaire that what kind of policies and practices should used by employers. The analysis indicates that employees recognized the importance of employee retention and consider skill recognition, salary package, learning, job security and distribution of job responsibilities as the major factor which influence the retention of employees.

Household Debt, Financial Inclusion, and Economic Growth of India: Is it Alarming for India?

The process of economic growth must strive to include participation from all sections. In India, inclusive growth has always been a priority. The agenda of inclusive growth is reflected in the kind of policies and regulations that the policymaking and regulating institutions have been developing over the past decade. From Agricultural Economy to developing economy, India has come a long way in implementing financial sector reforms especially related to financial inclusion. The motive is economic growth. The present study was done to find the causal relationship between India’s financial inclusion and economic growth and household debt and economic growth using indicators for financial inclusion, household debt, and economic growth. The relationship was checked using the linear regression technique. The results indicated that only three out of ninety-six indicators of financial inclusion affected economic growth but. Household debt and economic growth have a negative relationship. The results have serious policy implications in India as India is moving towards financial inclusion.

Election Interventions and the Endogenous Origin of Candidate Platform Divergence

A necessary condition for foreign election interventions is for local candidates to disagree on issues of importance to the intervening powers. The origins of policy polarization in candidates' position has not been studied. We propose an explanation for the presence of disagreement between candidates that is endogenous to the intervention itself. Namely, we develop a (Downsian) formal model to show that, under certain conditions, the availability of foreign support will create divergent policy positions even where candidates have no special ideological or other attachment to the foreign power or powers, and where voters’ preferences are single-peaked (and so do not justify divergent candidate positioning). We tie the emergence and degree of polarization to the presence of multiple interveners, to the existence of restrictions on foreign financing to the opposition and to the manner in which foreign help is allocated - via private or public goods. Our results have implications for why election interventions are more common in non-consolidated democracies, and for what kind of policies are more likely to deter interveners.

Factors Influencing Secondary School Student’s Performance Through Variable Decision Tree Data Mining Technique

Schools are considered as the backbone for long-term economic progress. No country can develop without increasing their education level. Despite the fact that the Portuguese population shows a brilliant development in their educational level from last decade, but still Portugal lies on the tail surrender of Europe in statistics because of excessive levels of student failure. Primarily, this costs a lot better in the middle of the elegance of Mathematics and Portuguese. On the other hand, the field of data mining (DM), the purpose of extracting the high-stage knowledge of raw statistics, automatic gear compelling offer to a useful source of training domain. This paper pursues to improve the overall performance of middle school students of Portugal through two variables decision tree, which is a favorable approach to data mining used for classification, prediction and factors explored with the help of their significance. Results shows that, provided the first and / or second interval school grades, awesome prediction accuracy can be achieved. Despite the success of students strongly influenced by father's job assistance; evaluation has clearly shown that there are also other elements (such as learning time, mother's occupation, the desire of higher education, the paid-classes and the travel time from home and school, etc.) are important elements which have great impact on the performance of students in secondary school education in Portugal. As a direct result of this study, through which specialize in these factors and create a kind of policy is mainly based on studies in the country width exceptional level of education may increase at the secondary level that produces goose bumps to the stage of higher education in Europe.

A methodological approach on studying policy-making of autonomous driving in cities

This commentary proposes a methodological approach about policy analysis on autonomous driving. It focuses on the role of discourse, the multiple actors and technologies involved in the processes of urban policy-making. Autonomous driving is considered a crucial case of policy-making in cities, because of the multitude of established and new actors involved as well as the combination of different digitalisation and automation technologies. Current research outlines the uncertainty planners and policymakers find themselves in regarding how to plan and regulate for autonomous driving, and calls for the need of finding the right forms of governance and policy for the implementation of autonomous driving in urban contexts. Therefore, studying the processes of its policy in the making is vital, as it is these processes that determine if and how any kind of policy will come into place. Subsequently, it is urban policy that will define the ways autonomous driving will be implemented and its implications in cities. Since both socio-political and material factors play a role in policy-making, a suitable methodological approach is needed that can address both. Therefore, this commentary discusses methodological developments drawing inspiration from Argumentative Discourse Analysis (ADA) and combining it with elements from Actor-Network-Theory (ANT). The insights provided by the commentary aim at a more comprehensive and thorough understanding of policy-making processes of autonomous driving and how policy change occurs (or not).