Kinds Of Oppression Research Articles

Memory and tradition of the Bhojpuri diaspora: the socio-cultural aesthetics of Phagwa celebration

ABSTRACT Phagwa symbolises the triumph of good over evil. The celebrating spirit of Phagwa and carnivalesque imagery draw on the mischievous and playful spirit which mocks authority, subverts power relationships, and creates a new world. This carnivalesque setting of Phagwa serves as a metaphor where people from different cultural groups join the religious procession to show solidarity. The Phagwa carnival is characterised by the spirit of possibilities, renewal, the tearing down of old forms, and the creation of new bonds & identity. The carnival of Phagwa is a performative ritual of cultural resistance and awakening, claiming space, and celebrating freedom from any kind of oppression. This paper looks at the Phagwa ritual in the diaspora that helps in understanding the importance of the memory of the past and how this festival of the Overseas Hindu community bridges the gap between different cultural groups and forefronts the message of unity in diversity.

“Why shouldn’t I Be Wanted, Even loved?”: Eugenics, Reproduction, and the Postcolonial in Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People and Nnedi Okorafor’s Who Fears Death

ABSTRACT This article focuses on two postcolonial novels, Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People and Nnedi Okorafor’s Who Fears Death, and argues that through the novels’ explorations of sex, both narratives reconstruct eugenic views that haunt postcolonial societies today. Through sex scenes (and their interruption or absence), the novels illustrate how the characters from India and Sudan respectively experience oppression and discrimination. These experiences are direct outcomes of eugenic views on and practices aimed at selected groups. Through its focus on masturbation and female genital mutilation, as described in the two novels, this article frames the analysis of Animal’s People and Who Fears Death in relation to eugenics, sexual deviance, and sterilization, and foregrounds the ongoing oppression of postcolonial nations. This article carefully examines how eugenics has shaped or further intensified inequality. In particular, it draws parallels between eugenic practices and two kinds of oppression described in Animal’s People and Who Fears Death: the control exercised by the West over postcolonial countries, highlighted through western industrial capitalism’s lack of concern about the genetic health of postcolonial nations and the dysgenic impact of their industries, and patriarchal control of women.

An exploration of African-student agency: Placing students from historically disadvantaged communities at the centre

At the national universities within South Africa, various events during the past years indicate that students suffer under different kinds of oppression. It is widely acknowledged that students from poor, rural geographical areas find the university space alienating and not speaking to their life worlds. In this paper I respond to Fataar’s (2019) notion of the “misrecognised” university student in the South African context. My focus on students coming from historically disadvantaged communities aims to contribute to ongoing debates about social justice for students in the university sector. The problem to be addressed in this paper is the misalignment between the critical horizontal knowledge ofhistorically disadvantaged students and the knowledge codes of the university relating to learning, curriculum, and pedagogical practices. I therefore argue that if university institutional practices recognise, embrace, and align with students’ agency, resilience and adaption, a reframed institutional platform could engage students in their intellectual becoming. Furthermore, I am guided by two questions: 1) How can students from historically disadvantaged communities use their critical horizontal knowledges to connect with disciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge of the university to enhance critical specialised consciousness in the becoming of ethical humans? and 2) How can an African theorisation of student agency form the basis to consciously reframe the core institutional function of the university? In responding to these questions, I locate my arguments in African-student agency, reviewing literature by African scholars to gain an understanding of the African concept of student agency.

Responding to Ann Cahill, Alice MacLachlan, and Jordan Pascoe

This paper reflects on and thinks along with Ann Cahill’s, Alice MacLachlan’s, and Jordan Pascoe’s engagements with my Sex, Love, and Gender: A Kantian Theory (OUP, 2020). The topics engaged range from abortion, authorizing consent, family, human nature, sexual, gender and philosophical identities to the infamous letter exchange between Kant and Maria von Herbert and complexities regarding various kinds of oppression.

Diluting the patriarchal dominance: Review of Developing Feminist Discourse in Pakistani Context

The present study is aimed to review of the development of feminist critical discourse in Pakistani context. It is considered that Pakistan is an Islamic country and there is a misperception in the Western world that women are oppressed in Pakistan on the name of Islam. This article provides a review of the dual version of female oppression in Pakistani context i.e. religious and cultural. The very first perception of women oppression in Pakistan by the western world is wrong as Pakistan as an Islamic ideological state does not oppress women rather guarantees their equal rights. In this regards there is a long list of legal development for the protection of the rights of women. The second kind of oppression is the cultural oppression against women. There are a lot of cultural practices in different regions of Pakistan which are oppressive towards women like Wata Sata, dowry death and forced marriages. The data for the present study has been reviewed as per available academic resources and research journals. The significance of the study is to counter western misunderstanding about the female oppression in Pakistani context. While at the same time the study is significant as it raises voice against the prevalent cultural practices of oppression against women in Pakistan. The findings of the present study reveal that there is a development of feminist critical discourse which is diluting the patriarchal dominance that is maintained through cultural practices in Pakistan.

The Struggle for Gender Equality and Educational Values Collection Sihir Perempuan Short Stories by Intan Paramadita

The problem of gender equality between men and women often occurs both in the world of work, household, public space, and politics. The struggle for gender equality arises because of the many kinds of oppression against women. This study aims to reveal the struggle for gender equality experienced by the main character in Intan Paramadita's collection of Witchcraft of Women short stories and to explain the educational values contained in the collection Sihir Perempuan short stories by Intan Paramadita. This study uses the theory of feminist literary criticism. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique used in this study is the reading, observing, noting (BSC) technique. Data analysis methods and techniques are using the content analysis method and using data analysis techniques according to Miles and Huberman which have three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Research data in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and discourse. The results of this study indicate that the form of struggle for gender equality found in the collection of short stories Sihir Perempuan by Intan Paramadita is the struggle for women's rights and justice. Public and productive role, freedom in choosing for women, and toughness in dealing with various problems. While the educational values found in the collection of short stories Sihir Perempuan by Intan Paramadita are moral values, cultural values, and religious values.

Beyond the Political Allegory: A Study of George Orwell’s Animal Farm as an Ecofeminist Text

Animal Farm has variously been analysed as a farce, a fable, a political allegory and a dystopian allegorical novella. However, this study suspends the allegorical interpretations and focuses on the primary or literal meaning of the text to show how Orwell in Animal Farm highlights animal oppression. Suspension of the allegorical interpretations allows the reader to infer that the novella also brings animal abuse to the limelight besides serving as a scathing satire on Stalinism. The animal characters which represent the gullible and oppressed masses of Russia under the dictatorship of Joseph Stalin and Trotsky also narrate the painful stories of different varieties of domestic animals. Ecofeminism is built on the notion that every kind of oppression and exploitation is in one way or the other way interconnected. Therefore, the leading ecofeminist theorists like Greta Gaard, Lori Green and Devona Harvey treat speciesism or animal liberation theory as a branch of ecofeminism by merging the case of animals with ecofeminist discourse. The study draws upon the ideas of leading ecofeminists and particularly animal rights theorists like Peter Singer and Tom Regan to bring animal abuse to the forefront.

Humanising pedagogy: A politico-economic perspective

In this article I shall reflect on the issue of humanising pedagogy, taking a view that dehumanisation, in general, comes from two kinds of oppression. I shall argue that, apart from oppression of the political type, tertiary education is also a victim of another type of oppression which contributes to its dehumanisation, viz. the oppression exercised by the economic system that South Africa has chosen to adopt after 1994. In the context of these two factors, I shall discuss what humanising pedagogy is, as presented in selected literature. I shall then discuss the political oppression and Freire’s educational solution. Further, I shall present the effect of neoliberal economy on higher education. Finally, I shall, in full circle, go back to the issue of humanising pedagogy and the possible solutions, coming from Freire, but also Fanon, Said, and Bhabha. I shall conclude with a personal reflection on the situation in South Africa and the role it could play in remedying the educational quandary. Ex Africa semper aliquid novi!

LITERATURE IN EXILE: NAMIK KEMAL AS A PERMANENT EXILE AND STRUGGLE FOR SELF-EXPRESSION

Namık Kemal is one of the symbolic figures in the Westernization process of Turkish literary history and in addition to his productive identity in the field of literature, he is a versatile artist who has an important place in our social and political history with his political attitude and his attitude of rebellion against injustice. He is an exceptional person who has devoted his whole life to the solution of fundamental values and issues such as homeland, nation, freedom, and constitutionalism and risked all kinds of oppression and exile for this cause. Namık Kemal is undoubtedly the first name that comes to mind when exile is mentioned in Turkish literature. The artist, who lived a significant part of his forty-seven-year life in exile, escaped from compulsory civil service in his youth and at that time his exile started in Paris and London, and then continued as compulsory exile and civil service in places such as Gelibolu, Magosa, Midilli, Rodos, Sakız. Although Namık Kemal was an artist and believer who spent most of his life in exile, he succeeded in turning the exile into an opportunity rather than turning it into a tragic one, struggled for existence, overcame the conditions he was in and made significant contributions to Turkish literature with the works he wrote in exile. This study focuses on the artist's exile life and his literary production in the mentioned exile stops.

Narasi Term Zholim Dalam Tafsir al-Wasith Karya Wahbah al-Zuhaili

Islam is a mercy for the universe. But in reality, many people don’t want to make Islam the compas of life. This makes them be oppressor. The scholars, especially Wahbah al-Zuhaili have warned in one of his book, namely Tafsir al-Wasith not do oppression. Therefore, this research aims to describe the narration of the term oppression in Tafsir al-Wasith; in the form of the definition of oppression, the history of oppression, various kinds of oppression, triggering factor for doing of oppression, and punishment for oppressor. The method used in this research is thematic method. The results of this research is to explain that the meaning of oppression is attitudes and actions that goes beyond the corridor. Oppression acts in history began with the prophet Adam. There are three kinds of oppression; namaely oppression to Allah, oppression to one’s own person, and oppression to other people. There are three triggering factors for doing oppression; namely fear of the creatures more than fear of the Creator, weak faith in the Day of Judgment, and raises doubt about the justice of Allah. Oppressor will be punished for his oppression; both the punishment of this world and the punishment of the hereafter.

Oppression in the “Happy” Multicultural Land in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth

Zadie Smith’s White Teeth (2000) is a complex and paradoxical work since it presents a portrayal of England in the late twentieth century employing characters from various racial and religious groups. The novel focuses on the relationships between three families: the Bangladeshi and Muslim Iqbals, the English-Jamaican Joneses, and the Jewish-British Chalfens. It depicts a multicultural society, yet it also reflects on the oppression experienced by certain characters, who are marginalized due to their differences from mainstream society. This raises the question whether Smith’s novel celebrates or criticizes the discourse of multiculturalism. This study considers the novel’s attitude towards multiculturalism through the representation of oppression. It aims to explore the theme of oppression with regard to the issues of race, religion, gender, and sexual orientation because these intertwined categories determine an individual’s sense of self and the social relations between different groups. In light of Tariq Modood’s conception of multiculturalism, which underlines the importance of some principles, such as the recognition of the other, positive difference, equality, and a more inclusive version of national identity, this study argues that the novel does not seem optimistic in its treatment of multiculturalism because various kinds of oppression, such as racial discrimination, violence, stigmatization, and indifference, haunt the lives of the marginalized or disempowered characters and trigger counter-attacks from the oppressed group. While impeding the other’s integration into society, this situation also poses a threat to the social order. This reveals that a multicultural society, which embraces all differences and cherishes this diversity, is a dream difficult to be realized in England as portrayed in the novel.

Transhumanism, Posthumanism, And The “Cyborg Identity”

The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief analysis of two confusable philosophical positions, Transhumanism and Posthumanism, and compare their approaches in terms of their social and ecological concerns through an examination of Donna Haraway’s “cyborg identity.” Haraway introduces a ground-breaking approach in A Cyborg Manifesto and her later works, which blurs the formerly defined, distinct categories and identities that underlie the oppression of animals, humans, men, women, machines etc. By using postmodernist deconstruction, she wants to challenge Western dualisms and all kinds of oppression it causes. While Transhumanists, who inherit anthropocentrism from Humanism, support technological advancement to enhance the human condition, Posthumanists draw attention to the harms of the anthropocentric approach in terms of social and ecological justice and offer a more comprehensive and compassionate approach to other species inhabiting the planet. Since both Transhumanists and Posthumanists promote enhancement, Transhumanists need Posthumanist insights to really enhance the human condition concerning her environment.

The political conception of the legal person: A reply to Gila Stopler

Abstract Gila Stopler challenges us to reimagine the public–private distinction in a way which allows us both to confront the kinds of oppression to which feminists alerted us and to ward off absolutist attempts to gain control of the political. Her question is: How does one at the same time open up the personal and protect it? I argue that a clue to the answer lies in the way in which the issue should be seen not as the personal being political, but in the way the conception of the person we want to protect is political. Here I rely on an enemy of liberalism, Ernst Forsthoff.

MAIN CHARACTER’S STRUGGLE AGAINSTS WOMAN OPPRESSION IN “MARLINA THE MURDERER IN FOUR ACTS” MOVIE

This study dealt with the struggle of the main character in Marlina the Murderer in Four Acts movie. The objectives were to find out the oppressions that the main character experienced, the struggles against the oppression, and how the main character struggled against the oppression. This study used descriptive qualitative as the method to analyze the data. The researcher used Young's (1990) theory to analyze the data from the movie's script. Marlina, as the movie's main character, suffered from three kinds of oppression; marginalization, powerlessness, and violence. Marlina suffered oppression because she was powerless; she lived in poverty and patriarchal culture in Sumba. Marlina also struggles against oppression by doing feminism; they are; liberal feminism and radical feminism.

The Inferiority Complex Constructed by the Dominant Power in Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea (1966): Postcolonial Analysis

This study focuses on the construction of identity shaped by the dominant class. Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea portrays the complexity of identity in the figure of Creole woman, Antoinette, for belonging to neither the Jamaican society nor the European. Using interpretive qualitative approach as its method, this study applies the theory of power and knowledge to reveal the imbalance power relation between center and marginalized. The result of analysis shows that both Jamaican society and Rochester have the contribution in shaping the inferiority complex to Antoinette. The representation of madwoman in Antoinette implies the constructed truth framed by the dominant class. As a result of the inferiority complex, the dependency of the inferior on the superior grows which consolidates the domination of power. Under this situation, the dominant power legitimates their authority to represent others as well as to control the marginalized side. Thus, this study intends to raise the awareness of any kind of oppression which limits people to have a voice.

Immigrazione e trasformazione sociale dell'Europa: una svolta epocale e le sue prospettive

Il passaggio dal continente di emigrazione al continente di immigrazione è stato un enorme cambiamento per l'Europa. Dal 1945, decine di milioni di immigrati sono arrivati in Europa occidentale, prima di altre regioni europee, dopo dei quattro angoli del mondo. Così si è verificata un'enorme trasformazione sociale: la nascita (definitiva) di società multinazionali, multirazziali, multiculturali, multireligiose. Per molto tempo i governi e le aziende hanno voluto che gli immigrati fossero solo temporanei, per avere una massa di lavoratori precari, poco integrati e vulnerabili. Questa rivendicazione, tornata con forza negli ultimi anni, ha incontrato l'orgogliosa resistenza delle popolazioni immigrate, che hanno creato un sempre maggiore radicamento sociale. Lo stesso vale per l'analoga rivendicazione dei poteri istituiti di sottoporre le popolazioni e i lavoratori migranti a uno sfruttamento differenziato e ad ogni tipo di discriminazione, che sono state affrontate con lotte e ribellioni. Per decenni, nel fondo minaccioso della grande crisi irrisolta del 2008, questo conflitto si è aggravato fino a trasformare la “questione immigrazione” in una questione militare, che deve essere risolta con le marine militari e la polizia di frontiera. Questo articolo spiega che c’è tanta cosa in gioco: o torniamo a un modello di società e stato basato sulla più brutale oppressione “razziale” e di classe, oppure passiamo a una società definitivamente liberata da queste e altre forme di oppressione

Paulo Freire e os estudos culturais: pistas para convergências possíveis

The aim of this paper was to analyze possible convergences between Paulo Freire’s thinking and Cultural Studies. In order to do that, Freire and Hall’s works were investigated, considering their conception of history, the presence of Marx, the centrality of culture, the importance of language, and the impact of feminist and race studies. It has been argued that both built theoretical fields averse to reductionisms and proposed an articulation between class, race and gender as a way to turn theory/policy into a means to make a difference, from the perspective of struggling against all kinds of oppression. The conclusion is that there are possible convergences between Paulo Freire and the Cultural Studies, and they may be a promising alternative for the construction of the viable unprecedented, which he always defended.

Cultural and Ethnic Characteristics of Sikhs in Afghanistan

Afghanistan is a land that has lived together with small ethnic tribes and minorities throughout history, and in terms of history, these tribes have spoken different dialects, had their own customs, traditions and beliefs, and by studying the appearance and their anatomical structure more carefully, this difference can be considered from the ideological point of view, natural geographical structure and neighborly relations with neighboring countries. But these ethnic minorities are referred by different names, including Sikhs and Hindus living in the country who faced all kinds of oppression and suffering of the time, and most of them endured it and considered this land as their homeland.

تَغیُّر قیمة النقود وأثره على أداء الدیون والالتزامـات المالیـة الممتـدة دراسة فقهیة تطبیقیة

تغير قيمة النقود وأثره على أداء الديون والالتزامات المالية الممتدة دراسة فقهية تطبيقية علي محمد علي مهدي عثمان شعبة الفقه، قسم الشريعة الإسلامية، کلية الدراسات الإسلامية والعربية للبنين بالقاهرة، جامعة الأزهر، جمهورية مصر العربية. البريد الإليکتروني: alimahdy080@gmail. com ملخص البحث: يدور البحث حول تغير قيمة النقود، وأثره على أداء الديون والالتزامات المالية الممتدة، وحدد البحث المشکلة، ووضع ملامح التفرقة بين العملات الحديثة وبين الذهب والفضة، وقرر البحث أن الشريعة أتت مستوعبة للزمان والمکان، وما استجد من أحداث، وأن ما اهتدت إليه البشرية في أنظمتها الحديثة القانونية والاقتصادية يمکن الاستفادة منه؛ ما دام يتفق والشريعة المطهرة، وانتهى البحث إلى أن تبني اتجاها واحدا على الدوام لحل إشکالية تغير قيمة العملة ينتج عنه ظلم، وبعد عن مقاصد الشريعة، وأحکام فروعها، وبعد سبر أغوار هذه المسألة والوقوف على معظم ما سطره الفقهاء قديما وحديثا يتضح أن للمسألة حالات متعددة، ولکل حالة ما يناسبها من الاختيار الفقهي، وفي بعض الحالات يختار فسخ العقد، وفي بعضها يختار أداء القدر المسمى في العقد، وفي بعضها يختار أداء القيمة کاملة، وفي بعضها يختار تنصيف القيمة على الطرفين، أو رد الاتفاق الواقع في العقد إلى الحد المعقول الذي تخفف فيه الأضرار على الطرفين. Revaluation of Money and its Impact upon the Repayment of Debts and extended Financial Commitments By: Ali Mohammed Ali Mahdy Othman Majored in Islamic Jurisprudence Department of Sharia Faculty of Islamic and Arabic Studies for Men in Cairo Azhar University E-mail: alimahdy080@gmail. com Abstract This research revolves around the revaluation of currency and its impact upon the repayment of debts and the extended financial commitments. The research has specified the issue of this study as well as the outstanding characteristics differentiating between modern currencies on one hand and gold and silver on the other. The research has also found out that the Islamic Sharia has proved to be valid for all time and place. It is also valid for all the incidents that may arise as well as all the beneficial affairs that may come about via the modern legal or economic disciplines as long as these affairs are compatible with the main principles of the purified Sharia. The research has concluded that adopting a single attitude perpetually to solve the issue of revaluating currency results in a kind of oppression and digression from the main purposes of Sharia and its provisions. Going through this issue and highlighting all the jurisprudential output in ancient and modern times، the researcher has regarded several states for this issue and for each state there is a convenient jurisprudential choice. However، in some cases the contract is terminated while in other cases the parties agree to repay the nominated value in the contract but in some other cases، they agree to repay the whole value. Likewise، in some cases they agree to repay fifty percent by each party or go back to the real agreement in the original contract to a reasonable extent where damage is prevented for both parties.

Η φεμινιστική πολυπολιτισμική προσέγγιση της συμβουλευτικής ψυχολογίας

The feminist multicultural model has emerged from the feminist counselling approach. The feminist approach in counselling psychology, which was developed especially during the 1960’s and 1970’s, focused on individual solutions to human problems and did not place a great emphasis on other multicultural factors in therapy. By acknowledgingthe influence of multiculturalism on people’s mental health, counselling psychology started to gradually pay more attention to the relationship between individuals and their environment and considered the culturalenvironment as a major influencing factor in the shaping of identity but also in the nature of problems faced. At the beginning, this multicultural dimension was included very often unevenly in the feminist therapy.Recently, we see an effort to integrate these two mainstreams towards the development of an integrated feminist multicultural therapeutic approach. This approach is based on the realization that, although intraditional therapies the emphasis has been intrapsychic and the main assumption was that man is responsible for his condition, more recent developments in the field of therapy acknowledge that peopledo not always have the same opportunities and cannot always be totally responsible for the adversities they face because any kind of oppression often reduces their power and limits their access to choices. This articlepresents the development of the model, the theoretical mainstreams, the principles and trends that reinforce this development and its impact on the therapeutic approach