Kind Of Motivation Research Articles

NPCAMSD-agent: a prospective agent model

Currently, the rigid restrictions on agents with only constrained motivations (corresponding constrained cooperations) cause the high violation rate, low profits and even harm to their reputations without incent motivations in agent mental models, and as a result extremely limit the agent cooperations. To cope with the problems (To incent agents to cooperate with low violation rates and high profits, and to make them more active to cooperate), incent motivations (corresponding incent cooperations) are introduced, 3 kinds of motivations are set forth: the constrained motivations including norm (N), policy (P), and contract (C), the incent motivations including bargain (A), promotion (M), and sticker (S) and the internal motivation desire (D). The NPCAMSD logic of the model is formally depicted, and the semantic, syntax and axiom are analysed. The overcoming of motivation logical omniscience problem is analysed. The two layer motivation conflict resolving method is introduced. The implementation of the model and experiment prove that the mental model has low contract violation rate, high profits in cooperations and works well for the diverse contemporary business cooperations.

Stimulating Students’ Motivation in the EFL Classroom

This study aimed to explore Sudanese EFL undergraduate students’ level and kinds of motivation towards learning English as a Foreign Language. Simple random sampling technique was used to select (25) firs-year students drawn exclusively from the English Language Department, at College of Languages, in University of Bahri. A questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The data was then analysed using statistical package for social science (SPSS). The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical method to interpret the data obtained from the above mentioned instrument. The findings revealed that most of Sudanese EFL students have extrinsic orientation towards English language learning. Therefore, the study recommended that EFL teachers should incorporate authentic teaching materials and content into their lecture plans to supplement and enhance textbook units and topics to encourage internal motivation in students and help them achieve their goals.

In Defense of Veritism

It used to be taken as a given in epistemology that the fundamental good from a purely epistemic point of view is truth. Such veritism is a given no longer, with some commentators advocating epistemic value pluralism, whereby truth is at most one of several irreducible epistemic goods, while others are attracted to an epistemic value monism that is centred on something other than truth, such as knowledge or understanding. It is claimed that it was premature to reject veritism. In particular, it is argued that the kinds of motivations that are offered for rejecting this proposal are weak on closer inspection, as they trade on a dubious reading of veritism that is independently implausible. The attraction of this implausible way of thinking about veritism lies in the difficulty of offering any coherent alternative. A solution to this conundrum is proposed, whereby we unpack the veritist proposal in terms of the explanatorily prior notion of an intellectually virtuous inquirer.

Vocational High School’s Students Motivation and Anxiety in Learning English at EFL Context

English is difficult to study by foreign language students especially Vocational High School’s students because English has its own language structure which is different with Bahasa Indonesia’s language structure which is more complicated. As a result, students are not interested in learning English and they have anxieties in learning English. For example, feeling afraid of negative feedbacks of their participation in English class, feeling anxiety towards the, communication during English class, feeling terrified towards assessment in English class [1]. However, not at all students only have anxieties, some students also have motivation to learn English. There are two kinds of motivation, which are intrinsic and extrinsic. In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method. The subject of this study was the first-grade students of SMK Negeri 4 Malang which consist of 35 students from X DG E class. The writer used two instruments which were questionnaire and interview for 4 selected students. The result of the questionnaire showed that the students intrinsic and extrinsic motivation was “high” with variable mean was 2.910. It was supported the result of interview; they intrinsically feel happy to learn English and they extrinsically learn English to pass the exam. Meanwhile, the finding of this research showed that the students’ anxiety was “low” with the variable mean was 2.427. It was supported the result of interview, that they do not feel anxious towards English class. Therefore, it suggests the students to maintain their motivation and eliminate anxiety in order to improve the students’ achievement in learning English.

THE RELATION OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY MOTIVATION AND AGE, YEARS OF SERVICE AND PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS OF EMPLOYEES

Autonomous occupational safety motivation can be a result of outer and inner reasons for applying safety measures at work. Employees with autonomous motivation behave apply safety measures at their own insticts and initiative, in line with their values and interests. As a result, the behavior of autonomously motivated employees is self-determined and therefore, it should be applied consistently.Along with this kind of motivation, an “identified” workplace safety motivation is worth mentioning. It is typical for employees who are motivated to apply occupational safety measures because they consider that safe work environment is very important, and that acting in accordance with safety measures is just another step towards safe work environment.The main aim of this paper is to establish potential relations between occupational safety motivation on one side, and age of the examinees, the years of service, and their professional qualifications on the other, in order to implement the results obtained, create safe work environment and, in this way, increase the productivity.

Motivação de ingressantes de licenciatura em química no IFSP

Diversos estudos têm evidenciado a importância da motivação na área educacional, no entanto, poucos trabalhos na literatura relacionam a motivação com a formação de professores. Diante da importância dessa temática e da escassez de trabalhos, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o perfil motivacional dos estudantes ingressantes de 2019 nos cursos de Licenciatura em Química, do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP). O referencial teórico utilizado neste trabalho foi a Teoria da Autodeterminação, desenvolvida por Deci e Ryan, que expandiram a compreensão da motivação ao apresentar um continuum, no qual um indivíduo pode transitar pelos diferentes tipos de motivação, desde que satisfaça as necessidades psicológicas básicas: competência, autonomia e pertencimento. Esta pesquisa utilizou o questionário proposto por Guimarães e Bzuneck como instrumento de coleta de dados. A aplicação foi realizada presencialmente por um dos pesquisadores, em horário de aula, e contou com a participação de 176 licenciandos em Química, distribuídos em nove câmpus da Instituição. Os dados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas, tais como média, variância, teste de confiabilidade e análise de correlação e comparados com os trabalhos disponíveis na Literatura. Os resultados evidenciaram um perfil motivacional autodeterminado dos participantes, prevalecendo médias mais elevadas para as categorias motivação extrínseca por regulação integrada e motivação intrínseca. O desenvolvimento de estudos como esse é de grande importância para a área, pois, a partir deles é que podem ser traçados planos e estratégias visando à permanência e o êxito dos estudantes.

Linking demographic variables to motivation: investigating the motivation to choose teaching among Arab and Jewish students in Israel

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to explore the kinds of motivation driving Arab and Jewish students in Israel to choose teaching as a career. This study addressed several issues that have been largely overlooked in previous research such as the focus on Content Value motives (the motivation to teach specific subjects) as well as linking demographic variables to motivational factors, particularly cultural diversity and prior pedagogical experience. The present study yielded three central findings: the importance of Content Value motives; similar motivational patterns have been found between the two sectors despite demographic differences between them; prior teaching experience has been found to have an effect on the kinds of motivations for choosing teaching as career. The paper concludes by exploring the implications of the present study on teacher preparation programs and on future research on the motivation to choose teaching as a career especially in culturally diverse educational contexts.

‘Magis corde quam organo’: Agazzari, Amadino, and the hidden meanings of Eumelio

Abstract Some time after Christmas 1605, Agostino Agazzari (1578–1640) was asked to provide music for a pastoral drama, Eumelio; it was performed a month later during Carnival at the Jesuit-run Seminario Romano. In the preface to the subsequently published score (Venice: Amadino, 1606), Agazzari tells his readers that he agreed to the commission ‘because of the beautiful and useful allegory that I saw in [the libretto]’. What this beautiful and useful allegory was, however, has not been apparent to modern scholars. Margaret Johnson goes so far as to write that ‘It is perhaps unfortunate that Agazzari even mentioned the presence of a moral; it might otherwise have been overlooked, since its presence is obtrusive only in the composer’s preface’. This article offers an interpretation of the allegory of Eumelio by reading the opera as a commentary on the musical and spiritual teachings of Council of Trent, to which the printer’s mark of Agazzari’s publisher, Ricciardo Amadino, paratextually alludes. Although Amadino was the printer of some of the most famous prints of the Seicento (including Monteverdi’s Orfeo and Fifth Book of Madrigals), his printer’s mark and motto, ‘more with the heart than with the organ’, has not been commented upon in modern scholarship. The motto’s possible sources and its contemporary resonances and meanings point to an understanding of Eumelio as an allegory of Christian soteriology and the Christian musician. The opera externalizes and dramatizes the kinds of inner examination that many believed were incumbent on musicians in a post-Trent musico-religious culture. As a performed and printed work, then, Eumelio gave musicians pause to reflect on their inner lives, the purpose of their musical activities, and the kinds of motivations they acted upon in performance.

The Benefit of Meaning in Andrei Platonov: Russian Motivation Toward Life and Work

ABSTRACT This article presents the research on three issues. First, revealing the features of Russian culture’s semantic picture of the world in relation to a person’s positioning in society and attitudes toward work, as they are expressed in A. Platonov’s writings. Second, identifying Platonov’s contribution to understanding and expressing a “Russian” attitude toward life and work. Third, determining the prospects of this kind of motivation toward life and labor activity, along with its compatibility with the transformation of social reality we are experiencing today.

Literature Study of Problem Based Learning Model Against Students Mathematical Motivation (Based on Indonesian Language Book)

This study aims to describe whether the Problem Based Learning Model can be used for students' motivation problems in learning mathematics, what kind of motivation is successfully provided by the Problem Based Learning Model, and how the Problem Based Learning Model can make students have motivation in learning mathematics. The research method used is the Literature Research Method, by conducting a literature review through books in Indonesian. To maintain the quality of the material being studied, Indonesian language books are often used as references and written by experts (for example professors) which are proven based on tracking activities carried out in various journals, books, and from the Higher Education Database (pddikti). Data analysis techniques were carried out in 3 stages, namely: organize, synthesize, and identify. The results showed that the Problem Based Learning Model can be used for students' motivation problems in learning mathematics, intrinsic motivation is the type of motivation provided by the Problem Based Learning Model and the Problem Based Learning Model can make students have motivation in learning Mathematics because it is directly associated with the real world, so students feel mathematics is very useful and motivation will emerge.

The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on memory formation: insight from behavioral and imaging study

Motivation can be generated intrinsically or extrinsically, and both kinds of motivation show similar facilitatory effects on memory. However, effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on memory formation have not been studied in combination and thus, it is unknown whether they interact and how such interplay is neurally implemented. In the present study, both extrinsic monetary reward and intrinsic curiosity enhanced memory performance, without evidence for an interaction. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that curiosity-driven activity in the ventral striatal reward network appears to work cooperatively with the fronto-parietal attention network, while enhancing memory formation. In contrast, the monetary reward-modulated subsequent memory effect revealed deactivation in parietal midline regions. Thus, curiosity might enhance memory performance by allocation of attentional resources and reward-related processes; while, monetary reward does so by suppression of task-irrelevant processing.

FENOMENOLOGI WANITA KARIER DALAM MEMAKNAI KOMUNIKASI KELUARGA DI KABUPATEN KUNINGAN

The purpose of this study is to describe the motives underlying a woman to become a career woman, to find out the opinions of career women about career and family, and to find out the opinions of career women regarding family communication. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The data collection techniques are used through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used in this study was a qualitative descriptive analysis technique. While the data validity test is checked using source triangulation techniques. There are five kinds of motives behind career women in pursuing their careers, namely helping the household economy, applying knowledge, socializing, owning income, and self-actualization. Having a career for a career woman is a gift from God achieved through struggle and sacrifice as well as something valuable that is a life support and part of a career woman that is work and creativity that is beneficial to others. Having a family for a career woman, is the main source of happiness in life that is a gift from God and something valuable that has become part of a career woman who must be nurtured and nurtured. Communicating between a career woman and her husband is a tangible form of affection, attention, and love as well as a way to maintain closeness or intimacy with her husband and the integrity of the marriage. Communicating between mother and child for career women is a tangible form of affection and attention, as a way to teach and educate children and as a way to maintain intimacy with children.

MOTIVATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN CYCLISTS: CASE OF TOC AND JGC – SCAM BICYCLE CLUBS

Abstract. Nowadays people aware of the importance of health is growing, one of which is the increasing number of sports enthusiasts. Outdoor sports cycling is one of the activities which is in great demand by urbanites. In addition to health purposes, cycling is a mean to escape from the fatigue of daily routines. The emergence of cycling groups in urban communities is a reflection of the need for exercise while having recreation outdoors. To find out the type of motivation for cycling activities in urban communities, questionnaires were conducted on two cycling communities in Indonesia. They are TOC (Trifold Owner Community) and JGC–SCAM (Jaserco Gowes Club–Serang-Cilegon-Anyer-Merak). The results obtained urban cyclists’ characteristics and motivations. There are various kinds of motivations, ranging from exercise, traveling, reducing the effects of air pollution, saving fuel and avoiding congestion, seeking new experiences and challenges, friendships, to just look for self-actualization.

Digital Generation: Entrepreneurial Motivation of Generation Z in digital Era

The rise of study programs that offer Entrepreneurship simce 2017 in west Java also followed by moral responsibility for the success of its graduates to become a successful entrepreneur. The problem that arises is, whether prospective students or students themselves have the same perception with the Institution of educators, which has a strong desire or motivation to become entrepreneurs. This motivation needs to be measured and analyzed further. Is it true that those who are prospective students have the motivation to become entrepreneurs? What kind of motivation do they have? The target respondent of this research is Generation Z. This study uses quantitative research methods. The data collection technique was carried out by distributing questionnaires to a number of Private High School students in Bandung who were interested in the Entrepreneurship Study Program. The sample selection from this study was conducted by purposive sampling. Data testing and processing were carried out by exploratory analysis factor with SPSS software. The benefits of this research will be implemented directly in the Entrepreneurship study program itself, by understanding the motivation of the generation Z to become an entrepreneur, will help lecturers decide the methods and class management that is right for the generation Z , which can maintain and enhance their motivation, and can modify techniques for their extrinsic motivation to optimize learning outcomes.

Language development and acquisition in early childhood

The paper discussed in detail the process of language development and the process of language acquisition in early childhood. It also gave a brief overview of the theoretical frame of reference of language development. The paper included an in depth explanation of the importance and impact of over-exposure for early second language acquisition and it answered the question of whether language learning could turn into a language acquisition after what Noam Chomsky referred to as the “critical period”. The paper concluded that even after the Chomskian critical period learners who got overexposed to the target language can acquire the language and it can be equivalent to their first language. The paper discussed two major kinds of motivations at play in the process of second language acquisition: (1) Curiosity: A desire to better understand a group of people and their way of life , and (2) Empathy: Upon repeated exposure, one might come to the conclusion that this group of people has a more sensible handle on things, and thus identifies with them.

„Bibliofilskie przekraczanie granic”

“Borders Crossed by Bibliophiles”: Dutch 17th‑century Emblem Collections in the Possession of the University of Wrocław Library
 The University Library in Wrocław has a rich collection of old works from the Netherlands, which proves that in the old days academic and bibliophilic research was carried out in the Silesian region. The works reflect various cultural, academic and religious connections between the inhabitants of Silesia and the ones of Western Europe. The printed texts give evidence confirming that Silesian bibliophiles purchased books abroad, as well as from the local book sellers. Thus, they participated in the academic and cultural movements of that time. The paper is to present the Dutch emblem volumes that are in the possession of the University Library in Wrocław, and especially how they made their way from the Netherlands to Silesia. A number of questions arise: why Silesian collectors used to buy works written in Dutch and whether that did not create a cognitive barrier for them. What kind of motivation could have inspired them to buy those books? Was it the so‑called peregrination academica that encouraged people to study in the Netherlands? What I would like to do as well is to show unlimited passions of library owners who were open‑minded to different fields of interest, which was reflected in their book collections that now are a part of the Library in Wroclaw.

의미 합성성 이론을 활용한 중국어 관용어 분석 및 교육방안 연구

This essay is a Semantic Compositionality study on the meaning of Chinese idioms. idioms are not only that the meaning of idiom can"t be composed of its words" meaning, but also that the meaning of idiom can be composed of its words" meaning which are motivated. And on the basis of this definition, I prescribed that the semantic properties of idiom are compositionality of idiom"s meaning, degreed of idiom"s meaning. Then I confirmed that the idioms which have compositionality of idiom"s meaning or ganized into three idiom groups. Those are the idiom group showed metaphoricity, the idiom group showed metonymicity, and the idiom group that idiom"s meaning was motivated conventional knowledge. Also I demonstrated that degreed of idiom"s meaning was showed among each idiom group members. Next, each forty-five idioms are analyzed from the cognitive semantic point of view which is the kinds of motivation which is idiom"s meaning. I verified that this theoretical study that the category structure of idiom"s meaning. In consequence of this survey, it corresponds with the theoretical study. The validity is verified with the experiment and the investigation targeting the learner. lastly, Based on this, the purpose of this study is to suggest a more systematic and effective idiom education plan.

Adjudicating distributive disagreement

This paper examines different mechanisms for adjudicating disagreement about distributive justice. It begins with a case where individuals have deeply conflicting convictions about distributive justice and must make a social choice regarding the distribution of goods. Four mechanisms of social choice are considered: social contract formation, Borda count vote, simple plurality vote, and minimax bargaining. I develop an agent-based model which examines which mechanisms lead to the greatest degree of satisfying justice-based preferences over the course iterated social choices. Agents are ascribed two kinds of motivations: they wish to realize justice and to receive a greater package of goods. Each agent seeks to realize her ideal distribution, and the failure to do so leaves agents “disappointed,” resulting in their trading off the pursuit of gains in justice in favor of gains in self-interest. Mechanisms are assessed using the metric of how many agents remain interested in justice over the course of iterated adjudication. The mechanisms are also examined under some non-ideal conditions, such as the presence of power asymmetries or strategic behavior. Several significant results are addressed: social contract formation and simple plurality voting are robust under the conditions considered, bargaining is a highly ineffective means of adjudicating distributive disagreement, and lastly allowing for concessions in justice for gains in self-interest proves to be a crucial mechanism for ensuring the stability of resolutions.

Does public service motivation matter in Moroccan public hospitals? A multiple embedded case study

BackgroundThe motivation of health workers is a key concern of policy makers, practitioners and researchers. Public Service Motivation (PSM), defined as the altruistic desire to serve the common interest, to serve others and to help patients and their families regardless of financial or external rewards, has been shown to be key to the performance of public servants. Yet, limited attention has been paid to this kind of motivation in health care settings in low- and middle-income countries. Little is known about PSM and its contextual specificity in the Moroccan health system. We set out to qualitatively explore the meaning of PSM and its expression among health workers in four public hospitals.MethodsWe adopted a multiple embedded case study design to explore PSM in two well-performing and two poor-performing hospitals. We carried out 68 individual interviews, eight focus group discussions and 11 group discussions with different cadres (doctors, administrators and nurses). We carried out thematic analysis using NVivo 10.ResultsOur analysis shows that public service motivation is a notion that seems natural to the health workers we interviewed. Daily interactions with patients catalysed health providers’ affective motives (compassion and self- sacrifice), a central element of PSM. It also provided them with job satisfaction aligned with their intrinsic motivation. Managers and administrative personnel express other PSM components: attraction to public policy making and commitment to public values. A striking result is that health workers expressed strong religious beliefs about expected rewards from God when properly serving patients.ConclusionThis study highlights the presence of PSM as a driver of motivation among health workers in four Moroccon hospitals, and the prominence of intrinsic motivation and compassion in the motivation of frontline health workers. Religious beliefs were found to shape the expression of PSM in Morocco.

A STUDY ON STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN STUDYING ENGLISH AS ENGLISH FOREIGN LANGUAGE (EFL) AT STIKES CENDEKIA UTAMA KUDUS

English is studied as a second language and it has crucial role in every aspect, especially in educational aspect. In the millennial era, students not only use English in their real communication, but they also use it to communicate on several application or websites. English need to study by the students at the university level because it will skilled them for their future. This study attempts to know what kinds of motivation had by the students in studying English at STIKES Cendekia Utama Kudus. The design of this research is descriptive qualitative. It is conducted to find the students’ motivation in studying English; either student used extrinsic motivation or intrinsic motivation. The population in this research was all of the students who take an English Subject on even semester in the academic years 2018/2019, while the sample in this research was 139 students. The researcher used Likert Scale rating score as the instrument and also questionnaire which were adapted from Gardner’s Attitude or Motivation Test Battery (AMTB). The finding explained that extrinsic motivational level is higher than intrinsic motivational level. The extrinsic motivational level stands in point 4.14, while intrinsic motivational level stands in point 4.04. Although, total score of extrinsic motivational lever is higher than intrinsic motivational level, both of them are in a high level. This result showed that students have good motivation, both in Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation. It will be useful for the lecturer to make learning English better on their future. Key Words; Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic motivation, EFL, AMTB