Kind Of Metabolic Disease Research Articles

Liraglutide on type 2 diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 RCTs.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our aim is to investigate the effects of liraglutide on T2DM with NAFLD. Relevant articles published from the earliest publication to March 2022 were selected from several databases. The Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan software was used for the analysis. Sixteen studies are selected for this meta-analysis, which includes totally 634 patients in the treatment group and 630 patients in the control group. As a result, 14 studies show that fasting plasma glucose levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group; 15 studies show that glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group; 13 studies show that triglyceride levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group; twelve studies show that total cholesterol levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group; 10 studies show that alanine aminotransferase levels of the experimental group is lower than that of the control group; 10 studies show that no significant difference in changes in aspartate transaminase between 2 groups; 13 studies show that low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of the experimental group is lower than that of the control group; 9 studies show that no significant difference in changes in high density lipoprotein cholesterol between 2 groups; 7 studies mentioned adverse effects and the difference is significant. Liraglutide is potentially curative for T2DM with NAFLD.

Apigenin Ameliorates Hyperuricemia and Renal Injury through Regulation of Uric Acid Metabolism and JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a kind of metabolic disease with high incidence that still needs new countermeasures. Apigenin has uric-lowering and kidney-protective activities, but how apigenin attenuates HUA and renal injury remains largely unexploited. To this end, an acute HUA mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxazinate and oral administration with hypoxanthine for 7 consecutive days. Apigenin intervention decreased serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-18 (IL-18), liver xanthine oxidase (XOD), and urine protein levels, and increased serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) and urine UA and CRE levels in HUA mice. Moreover, administration of apigenin to HUA mice prevented renal injury, decreased renal glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) and urate anion transporter 1 (URAT1) levels, and increased renal organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1). These alterations were associated with an inhibition of IL-6, phospho-janus kinase 2 (P-JAK2), phospho-signal transducer, and activator of transcription 3 (P-STAT3), and suppression of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in the kidneys. Additionally, the molecular docking results showed that apigenin had strong binding capacity with UA transporters and JAK2 proteins. In summary, apigenin could improve UA metabolism and attenuate renal injury through inhibiting UA production, promoting excretion, and suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in HUA mice. The results suggest that apigenin may be a suitable drug candidate for management of HUA and its associated renal injury.

Emerging roles of PHLPP phosphatases in metabolism

Over the last decades, research has focused on the role of pleckstrin homology (PH) domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases (PHLPPs) in regulating cellular signaling via PI3K/Akt inhibition. The PKB/Akt signaling imbalances are associated with a variety of illnesses, including various types of cancer, inflammatory response, insulin resistance, and diabetes, demonstrating the relevance of PHLPPs in the prevention of diseases. Furthermore, identification of novel substrates of PHLPPs unveils their role as a critical mediator in various cellular processes. Recently, researchers have explored the increasing complexity of signaling networks involving PHLPPs whereby relevant information of PHLPPs in metabolic diseases was obtained. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of PHLPPs on the well-known substrates and metabolic regulation, especially in liver, pancreatic beta cell, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in relation with the stated diseases. Understanding the context-dependent functions of PHLPPs can lead to a promising treatment strategy for several kinds of metabolic diseases.

A ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe with a large emission peak shift for sensing and imaging hypochlorous acid

Diabetes, a kind of metabolic disease with characteristics of chronic hyperglycemia, can trigger a series of complications. Among them, wound healing prolonging is one of the manifestations of complications. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a ubiquitous reactive oxygen species (ROS) that plays a vital role in inflammatory response and has been considered as a biomarker for monitoring a wound healing process. Herein, a ratiometric near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, CX-MTC, was synthesized and applied for monitoring HOCl. CX-MTC possesses a simple structure and can be easy synthesized. The probe shows itself emission at 525 nm, a new emission at 665 nm is observed after the reaction with HOCl with a large emission shift of 140 nm. CX-MTC provides excellent selectivity and high sensitivity towards HOCl with 63-fold fluorescence intensity ratio enhancement. The probe can be used for monitoring HOCl in cells. Moreover, CX-MTC was successfully used for imaging HOCl in OGD/R cell model. It is also the first fluorescent probe for HOCl detection in diabetic wound healing process, which will be a potentially useful strategy for clinical assay.

AYURVEDIC IMMUNOMODULATION THERAPY IN POST COVID CARE W.S.R TO PCFS SCALE-A SINGLE CASE REPORT

Hereby, presenting a Case of a 36 years old male patient who was found positive for COVID-19 with high grade fever, dry cough, Anorexia, dyspepsia and fatigue. The patient was not found to have any history of Hypertension, diabetes or any kind of metabolic diseases and hence, was not required to get hospitalized or take any kind of intensive care treatments. Overall, he was just allowed to get home-isolated and advised to follow all the instructions for the quarantine period and was fortunately found negative after successive 2 weeks. But, as we know the, ‘After Effects’ of the disease are still more complicated and there is no clear-cut answer coming out to this menace. Studies show that the Drastic fluctuation in the patient’s immune mechanism is the most accepted fact regarding the aftereffects of COVID and hence, it is quite important to focus on improving and boosting patients’ immune system while dealing with post COVID-care. It is well known fact that post covid complications require formulations directly striking the immune mecha-nism of body,” i.e. Immunomodulators’. Ayurvedic immunomodulators are nothing but Rasayanas which have the therapeutic potential to rejuvenate one’s immune system. Thus, in this Single case study patient is given a formulation of authentic Ayurvedic Rasayanas for the periodof one month. Patient was assessed objective by PCFS (Post Covid Functional Status) scale and subjectively on the basis of gradations of symptoms. Results were interpreted on the basis of data analysed. This short report is a genuine attempt to highlight the results of ayurvedic Immunomodulators in treating mild to moderate aftereffects of Covid-19 and rejuvenating one’s immune system which may be a promising step towards community health and pre-vention in the nearby future.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel chroman derivatives as non-selective acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCs) are the rate-limiting enzymes in the de no lipogenesis, which play an important role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acid. Recent research reveals that ACCs are tightly relevant to many kinds of metabolic diseases and cancers. In this study, we synthesized a series of chroman derivatives and evaluated their ACCs inhibitory activities, obtaining compound 4s with IC50 value of 98.06nM and 29.43nM of binding activities in ACC1 and ACC2, respectively. Compound 4s exhibited the most potent anti-proliferation activity against A549, H1975, HCT116 and H7901 cell lines (values of IC50: 0.578 μΜ, 1.005 μΜ, 0.680 μΜ and 1.406 μΜ, respectively). Docking studies were performed to explain the structure-activity relationships. These results indicate that compound 4s is a promising ACC1/2 inhibitor for the potent treatment of cancer.

Alterations of Metabolic Profile in The Plasma of High-fat High-fructose Diet-induced Obese Rats

Obesity, a kind of metabolic diseases, is tightly linked to many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, non-alcohol fatty liver diseases and diabetes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of obesity remain uncertain. In order to comparatively analyze the plasma metabolome and present some clues for relative research on recovering the underlying molecular mechanisms, we performed a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling of the plasma of obese rats induced by high-fat high-fructose diet. The changes of plasma metabolism between the diet-induced obese rats(n=8) and healthy control rats(n=7) were studied and the significant metabolites were identified by multivariate statistical analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and pair-wise orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Compared with control rats, diet-induced obese rats were characterized by 16 lower level metabolites and 23 higher level metabolites. These molecular changes were closely related to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrates metabolism and lipid metabolism. These findings may provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying obesity and could be of valuable assistance in the early clinical diagnosis of obesity associated diseases.

Prospective study of relationship between metabolic diseases and stroke in Jinchang Cohort

Objective: To understand the incidence of stroke in the population of Jinchang Cohort and the relationship between metabolic diseases and stroke, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of stroke in the population. Methods: The epidemiological investigation data and physical examination data of the 33 042 follow-up participants in Jinchang Cohort were collected for a prospective cohort study. Restricted cubic splines functions was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between metabolic indexes and the risk of stroke incidence. Results: 1) The incidence rate of stroke in Jinchang Cohort was 1.59%, and the standardized incidence rate was 3.99%. 2) Hypertension (male HR=2.20, female HR=4.45) and dyslipidemia (male HR=1.49, female HR=1.79) were the risk factors of stroke incidence in the population and diabetes had influence on the incidence of stroke only in the males (HR=1.79), while obesity had influence only in the females (HR=1.64). The more kinds of metabolic diseases, the higher risk of stroke incidence was. 3) Systolic blood pressure had a non-linear dose-response correlation with the risk of stroke incidence, while diastolic blood pressure had a positive linear correlation with the risk of stroke incidence. Conclusions: The incidence of stroke in Jinchang Cohort population was high compared with both domestic level and oversea level. The patients with metabolic diseases were the population at high-risk for stroke, and more attention should be paid to them in the prevention and treatment of stroke. Diastolic blood pressure might be more closely related to stroke.

PO-159 Swimming improves metabolic syndrome by regulation insulin sensitivity and monosaccharide transporter proteins activity via NF-κB signaling pathway

Objective Diabetes is one kind of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome due to insulin secretion defects or/and biological function damage. Evidences have suggested that sports plays essential role in the progression of diabetes and affects insulin resistance and monosaccharide transporter proteins activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between sports and diabetes by evaluation the insulin sensitivity and monosaccharide transporter proteins activity.
 Methods A db/db mice model of type-ІІ diabetes mellitus was used to analyze the efficacy of swimming in the processes of glucose and insulin. Body weight, glucose metabolism and insulin serum levels were studied in experimental mice. Expression levels of inflammatory factors of IL-1, IL-17, TGF-β and VEGF in the serum was analyzed in the experimental mice. Expression levels of sirtuin-1 and NF-κB signaling pathway was investigate in the lives. Histological analysis was studied the therapeutic effects of swimming on mice with type-ІІ diabetes.
 Results Our results indicated that swimming up-regulated metabolism of glucose and insulin. Sport of swimming enhanced the consumption of fat and fatty acid in the mice with diabetes. In addition, expression levels of inflammatory factors of IL-1, IL-17, TGF-β and VEGF in the serum were down-regulated by swimming in the mice with diabetes. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and sirtuin-1 expression levels were up-regulated in the liver in the experimental mice after receive swimming. Furthermore, we observed that swimming improved insulin sensitivity and monosaccharide transporter proteins (MTP) activity in liver in the experimental mice after receive swimming. Histological analysis showed that TTLR4 and sirtuin-1 accumulation were significantly decreased in the live in mice treated by swimming. NF-κB activity and expression levels of p65,IKK-β and IκBα were up-regulated in the mice receiving swimming.
 Conclusions In conclusion, these results indicate that swimming is beneficial for glucose and insulin metabolism for type-ІІ diabetes mice, which further improves metabolic syndrome by regulation insulin sensitivity and monosaccharide transporter proteins activity via NF-κB signaling pathway.

Metabolism-Centric Overview of the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease and the most common cause of dementia. AD is characterized by the extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and intraneuronal deposits of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Recently, as aging has become a familiar phenomenon around the world, patients with AD are increasing in number. Thus, many researchers are working toward finding effective therapeutics for AD focused on Aβ hypothesis, although there has been no success yet. In this review paper, we suggest that AD is a metabolic disease and that we should focus on metabolites that are affected by metabolic alterations to find effective therapeutics for AD. Aging is associated with not only AD but also obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). AD, obesity, and T2DM share demographic profiles, risk factors, and clinical and biochemical features in common. Considering AD as a kind of metabolic disease, we suggest insulin, adiponectin, and antioxidants as mechanistic links among these diseases and targets for AD therapeutics. Patients with AD show reduced insulin signal transductions in the brain, and intranasal injection of insulin has been found to have an effect on AD treatment. In addition, adiponectin is decreased in the patients with obesity and T2DM. This reduction induces metabolic dysfunction both in the body and the brain, leading to AD pathogenesis. Oxidative stress is known to be induced by Aβ and NFTs, and we suggest that oxidative stress caused by metabolic alterations in the body induce brain metabolic alterations, resulting in AD.

Correlation between metabolic syndrome and uric acid stone composition

Objective To study the relationship between metabolic syndromes and uric acid calculi. Methods We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 640 adult patients, who were diagnosed as renal calculi and finished the stone composition analysis. Among them, 394 cases were male and 246 were female. The average age was (50.9±12.8)years old. According to the diagnostic criteria of the MS, the patients were divided as metabolic syndrome group (metabolic syndrome group /MS group and non-metabolic syndrome group (non MS group); the MS group had a total of 238 cases including 151 males and 87 females. The average age was (54.1±11.0)years old. There were 402 cases in non MS group, including 243 males and 159 females, with an average age of (49.1±13.4)years old. We obtained corresponding metabolic indices. By comparing the differences between each group, the statistic were analyzed with SPSS. Results In the MS group, 42 cases was diagnosed with uric acid stones, and the non-MS group with 8 cases diagnose with uric acid stones. The MS included obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides. In the patients obtained, 123 had the 4 kinds of metabolic diseases at a time, and 23(18.7%) cases were diagnosed as uric acid stones. 115 patients had the 3 kinds of metabolic diseases in which 19(16.5%) cases were uric acid stones. 190 patients had 2 kinds of metabolic diseases and 5(2.6%) cases were uric acid stones. 137 patients had only one kinds of metabolic disease in which 3 were uric acid stones. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, after the correction of gender and age, obesity patients own the OR as 1.10(0.98-1.24)(P=0.018), high blood sugar had the OR as 1.72(1.19-1.92)(P=0.006), high glycerin three fat had the OR as 0.71(0.48-1.09)(P=0.032) and high HDL-C was 0.15(0.03-0.65)(P=0.01). Conclusions The metabolic syndromes including obesity, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia obviously might influenced the formation of uric acid calculi. Key words: Metabolic syndrome; Uric acid calculi; Renal stones

Noncoding RNAs in Regulation of Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming.

Since the description of the Warburg effect 90 years ago, metabolic reprogramming has been gradually recognized as a major hallmark of cancer cells. Mounting evidence now indicates that cancer is a kind of metabolic disease, quite distinct from conventional perception. While metabolic alterations in cancer cells have been extensively observed in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms, its underlying regulatory mechanisms are still poorly understood. Noncoding RNA, also known as the "dark matter in life," functions through various mechanisms at RNA level regulating different biological pathways. The last two decades have witnessed the booming of noncoding RNA study on microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), etc. In this chapter, we will discuss the regulatory roles of noncoding RNAs on cancer metabolism.

Antidiabetic and antioxidative effect of jiang tang xiao ke granule in high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a kind of metabolic disease, is increasing over the last four decades in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Jiang Tang Xiao Ke (JTXK) granule, a naturally occurring ingredient from Chinese herbal medicines, on serum glucose, lipids, and oxidative stress in DM rats induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. JTXK granule 9 g/kg (based on crude herb equivalent) and pioglitazone 1.5 mg/kg (as a positive control for comparison) were orally administrated to DM rats for 4 weeks. Results showed that administration of JTXK granule reduced serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein levels (by 12%, 33%, 57%, and 44%, resp.) but increased high-density lipoprotein level by 69%, compared with the drug-untreated DM rats. Serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were lowered (by 34% and 52%, resp.) associated with the elevation in serum superoxide dismutase levels (by 60%) after JTXK granule treatment. In addition, JTXK granule suppressed serum alanine aminotransferase activity (up to 50%) and alleviated pathological changes of pancreas and liver tissues in DM rats. The beneficial changes of pioglitazone on biomarkers were also found in DM rats. These findings suggested that JTXK granule may be an alternative medicine for the management of DM.

Rapid Profiling of Urinary Organic Acids Due to Inherited Metabolic Disorders by Liquid Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

An application of liquid ionization (LI) mass spectrometry to the profiling of urinary organic acids due to several inherited metabolic disorders is described. A solid-phase extraction technique using DOWEX 50W-X8 was developed to remove urea and cationic species from urine matrix. This preliminary sample treatment was quite effective to detect urinary organic acids for LI mass spectrometry. LI mass spectra for dicarboxylic acidurias clearly exhibited the peaks of adipic (m/z 147), suberic (m/z 175), and sebacic (m/z 203) acids due to the disease. Those for lactic and methylmalonic acidurias exhibited the intense peaks of lactic (m/z 91) and methylmalonic (m/z 119) acids, respectively. For phenylketonuria, the peaks corresponding to phenylacetic (m/z 137) and phenyllactic (m/z 167) acids, which are diagnostic metabolites, were intensely observed. All mass spectra for the urine samples of the patients were quite indicative of the individual metabolic diseases. Furthermore, a principal component analysis was examined to classify the spectral patterns using 40 peaks selected. The mass spectra of patients with five kinds of metabolic diseases were differentiated from those of healthy newborns by the principal component plots.