Kind Of Medicine Research Articles

Preliminary Clinical Study of Initial Screening Blood Test Data onOutpatients with Burning Mouth Syndrome

Study background: The objective of study is a survey to report the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to evaluated the co-morbidities associated to BMS. Subjects and Methods: A total 393 patients (54 males and 339 females; mean age 67 years; age range 27-102) were selected for this study. We carried out initial screening blood tests to these patients. Furthermore, we examined if there were previous and/or present systemic diseases and regularly taken medication by medical interview. Results: Female patients over 50 years old accounted for 89.3% (351/393). Dry mouth (330/393: 84.0%) was the most concomitant symptom with BMS. The ratio of abnormal measurements of iron was 35.9% (141/393). Zinc was 12.2% (48/393). However, the higher outrange ratio of MCV was 39.9% (157/393) and the lower outrange ratio of MCV was 8.7% (34/393). The higher outrange ratio of MCH was 36.6% (144/393) and the lower outrange ratio of MCH was 6.4% (25/393). The highest ratio of systematic disease of hypertension was 34.6% (136/393). Conclusions: We suspected that pernicious anemia may be most important factor of the BMS. Many patients had a number of systemic diseases and were taking several kinds of medicine. BMS is very complex disease, so it needs that more detailed investigation of systematic disease and habitual drug-taking is also needed.

Automedicação na Adolescência: Prática entre alunos de uma escola de ensino médio

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prática da automedicação entre alunos de uma escola de ensino médio. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, de dados primários, com abordagem qualiquantitativa, realizado em uma escola de ensino médio de Rio Branco-Acre, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu em março de 2018, na biblioteca da escola mediante a aplicação de um formulário com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Os dados foram analisados criteriosamente quanto as interligações de todas as perguntas do formulário para o alcance dos objetivos propostos. RESULTADOS: 78% dos participantes da pesquisa são usuários do sistema público de saúde, 64% deles usou algum tipo medicamento recentemente sem a prescrição médica e apenas 36% consultou o médico nos últimos 12 meses. Os fármacos mais utilizados entre eles foram os analgésicos (27%), seguido dos antibióticos e anti-inflamatórios (21%). As mães configuram-se como o principal familiar a se automedicar, sendo de certa forma a principal influenciadora para a prática da automedicação entre os adolescentes. CONCLUSÃO: Houve entre os adolescentes, um significativo consumo de medicamentos sem a devida prescrição médica, principalmente pelos que são usuários do sistema público de saúde. Torna-se evidente a importância da implementação de medidas de educação em saúde junto a essa população, no sentido de evitar possíveis danos à saúde dos mesmos através da prática da automedicação.

Evidence for the effectiveness of anti-hypertensive medicines included on the Chinese National Reimbursement Drug List

BackgroundEvidence-based decision on drug list or formulary has been applied worldwide. Although the importance of scientific evidence was emphasized, the decision-making procedures for including medicines into the national reimbursement drug list were often challenged by their process opacity and relying on subjective expert opinion. This study aimed to explore and assess the evidence for the effectiveness of anti-hypertensive medicines included on the Chinese National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL), and to provide recommendations for further improvement.MethodsThree international evidence-based guidelines were selected to serve as reference criteria. The antihypertensive medicines included in NRDL of Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) were compared with recommended drugs in three international guidelines. Medicines recommended by at least two guidelines were considered to have sound evidence support for the effectiveness. Otherwise, published literature with high evidence grade, namely systematic review, meta-analysis and randomized controlled trial (RCT), were searched for further assessment. Medicines reported as fairly good effectiveness by literature with high evidence grade can be also considered having sound evidence for the effectiveness. Methodological quality of systematic review or meta-analysis was evaluated by AMSTAR scale and PRISMA statement. Literature quality of RCTs was assessed by Jadad scale.ResultsFor the 97 antihypertensive medicines in NRDL, there were sound evidence supports for the effectiveness of 56 kinds of medicines. Specifically, twenty-six of them were supported by international evidence-based guidelines, twenty were supported by systematic review or meta-analysis and the other ten by RCT. However, for the rest 41 medicines, there is insufficient evidence for their effectiveness.ConclusionsSome antihypertensive medicines in NRDL did not have sufficient evidence for their effectiveness. Further evaluation and revision were required. It is also recommended to standardize decision-making procedures for inclusion of medicines, set up high quality evidence database to timely provide sound evidence, and so on.

The applications of "Lacha" in Sheng Ji Zonglu

The earliest appearance of "Lacha" was in the Tang Dynasty. At first, it was only served as a type of tribute tea to the emperor and the royal families.Since the Song Dynasty, "Lacha" was viewed as a kind of medicine or drug.Sheng Ji Zonglu(, Comprehensive Record of Sagely Beneficence) is the most abundant literature of the medicinal formulas of "Lacha" since the Song Dynasty. The book presented 72 prescriptions, which involved 62 diseases.Its application forms were diverse, including decoction, pill, powder and so on.The main functions included resuscitating, clearing up the heads, aiding digestion, dissipating phlegm, detoxifying and treating sores, eliminating miasma, and reducing the toxicity of other drugs.

Why parents are skeptical about using probiotics preventively for small children: a Danish qualitative study

BackgroundResearch on the health effects of probiotics continues to grow, but less is known about consumers’ perceptions of probiotic products and their health effects, and the impact of these perceptions on consumption. Particularly little is known about the way parents perceive probiotic consumption by small children, and whether parental willingness to use probiotics as a treatment differs from their willingness to use them preventively. The aim of this study was to explore how parents perceive probiotic consumption by their small children, and their willingness to use such products in treatment and prevention.MethodsSemi-structured qualitative interviews with 17 Danish parents with at least one child aged 8–18 months. The interview guide centered on parental consumer practices and health-related attitudes both in general and in relation to probiotics. The data were coded in Nvivo and analyzed in a four-step analytical approach.ResultsParents are willing to use probiotics as a treatment but are skeptical about preventive use. Some parents define probiotics as a kind of medicine they use only if their child is ill. Probiotics also conflict with parental understandings of their children as small, perfect parts of nature. Parents worry that probiotics may cause an imbalance in the vulnerable perfection of a small child.ConclusionThe study shows that parental probiotic consumption practices are embedded in a cultural understanding of the child as both a perfect example of nature and vulnerable. Health authorities need to take this understanding into account if parents are to be successfully encouraged to use probiotics preventively.

Emergence of DSS efforts in genomics: Past contributions and challenges

Large amounts of data in biomedical research (from clinical data to gene expression data) are being generated. Use of these data sets and their associated knowledge are essential to understand the biological mechanisms behind diseases. While patients' clinical data from EHR can help researchers accurately and appropriately trace the performance of various kinds of medicines on the patients, the microarray data for the same pool of patients can contain valuable information for discovery of disease-associated gene expression patterns and can help classify the patients. However, research in the area of integrating genomic data with clinical data is still in its infancy and is riddled with many challenges. Even though data and knowledge sets are easily available from genome sequences and protein structural data of organisms, they usually are of many different varieties. Integrating them for a better understanding of biological functions at all levels is complicated. If we want to obtain the full benefit of functional genomics, we need to find a seamless way to integrate large amounts of patient datasets with genomic datasets in the field of biomedicine. Few papers in the decision support systems (DSS) literature provide an overview of Genomic Clinical Decision Support (GCDS) challenges that span data, knowledge, input/output, and architecture/implementation. This paper presents a unique effort dedicated to providing a comprehensive listing and a concise description of the DSS methodological challenges that arise from integrating complex and massive-scale genomic data with Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems.

Evidence based medicine is still the best kind of medicine

Evidence based medicine is still the best kind of medicine

Performance of turmeric dryer cabinets with LPG fuel using temperature control and air speed

There is a huge potential of turmeric to be processed into various kinds of medicines or food products as there are still many people consuming traditional medicines and beverages for their health. Thisleads to the need of a clean raw turmeric processing, in spite of the fact that turmeric commodity grown in the high lands. The process of direct turmeric drying can not be maximal because of the low solar intensity caused by cloudy weather. If the drying process continues to constantly produce 12% water level, the turmeric medium will be damaged due to fungus arise on the surface of turmeric influenced by high humidity factor. Therefore a closed turmeric dryer with LPG fuel at a low cost is made. Using ST 37 material for the construction frame, while the inner cover uses stainless steel, and for the outside cover uses hot rolled steel sheet material. In addition, the dryer used can be controlled by air velocity and temperature in the drying cabinet and equipped with transparent glass to see the physical state of the turmeric inside. Obtained temperature during experiment is 50-550C in average with drying duration of 60 minutes with 0,15 m / s air speed and the water level obtained is 12% with the efficiency degree equal to 59%.

Synthesis and physicochemical research of some 2-((5-((theophylline-7'-yl)methyl)-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetohydrazide ylidenderivatives

The rapid development pace of the pharmaceutical science constantly increases the demand for new kind of medicine featured with high biological activity and non-toxicity at the same time. Setting the aim to enlarge the amount of scientific findings in the domain of biologically active substances, 1,2,4-triazole and theophylline were used as the starting material. These compounds form the basis for the majority of drugs, such as diuretics, antifungal and antibacterial medicaments. The combination of heterocycles put under research demonstrate a repeated probability increase in the variety of activities. Therefore, the relevance of the following study is determined by valuable properties of these substances. Besides that, the presence of a hydrazide element accounts for a high probability level of antimicrobial, particularly anti-tuberculosis activity.
 In order to identify optimal conditions for the synthesis and physicochemical property research, 2-((5-((theophylline-7'-yl)methyl)-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio) acetohydrazide ylidenderivatives were obtained.
 The process of production was carried out through long chain reactions, using the sodium salt of theophylline as a substrate. The conversion is well known being described in many papers. Hydrazide was taken as the starting compound. It was dissolved in water-alcoholic medium while separately, aldehyde was dissolved or mixed in ethyl alcohol as well. The resulting solutions were decanted. The precipitate formed immediately or after a certain period of time, which is likely due to the state of matter of the starting aldehyde.
 10 compounds (light-yellow crystalline materials with sharp melting point) were synthesized after that. Their structures and physicochemical properties were confirmed with modern methods of analysis. It is established that the reaction proceeds rapidly with a yield of 77‒95% in water-alcoholic medium at a temperature of about 80 °C.

Malpractice risk at the physician level: Claim-prone physicians

Professional liability and patient safety are worldwide concerns and efforts to identify claimed physicians' characteristics cross borders. Interventions with “at risk populations” would help to better address the underlying problems that lead to many claims.We analyzed physicians' characteristics of every paid claim between 2005 and 2014 in Catalonia region (Spain). We identified 808 physicians involved in 725 paid claims. A total of 12.38% physicians had at least two paid claims over the study period. Physicians' risk of future paid claims was increased if they had more than one previous paid claim (hazard ratio, 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67–2,1). More than half the claims were accounted for by physicians in four specialty groups: obstetrics and gynecology (20.4%), traumatology and orthopedic Surgery (17.5%), plastic surgery (10%) and general surgery (9.7%). The risk of recurrence was higher among surgery-related specialties than among non-surgery-related specialties.Specialty is a particularly strong determinant of claim incidence, so the risk issue may not be so individually determined, but conditioned by the kind of medicine or procedures we practice. Nevertheless, physicians' risk of future paid-claims increases after the second claim. Management systems should take advantage of this information, in order to prevent patient safety events and malpractice claims. Our results support both specialty-based interventions in high-risk specialties, such us Plastic Surgery, as well as interventions at a physician level in those physicians with more than one paid claim.

Desperately seeking subjects: Increasingly specific criteria have left cancer trial researchers competing for a few viable candidates.

Desperately seeking subjects: Increasingly specific criteria have left cancer trial researchers competing for a few viable candidates.

A Case of Probable Oxybutynin Induced Increase in Liver Enzymes

Stomach is the main part of the body because by the stomach our whole body gets nutrients. If our stomach gets disturbed, the all body gets disturbed. We know that most of the people suffering from stomach problems, some have gastric problem, some have indigestion, some time vomiting, some time pains and other kind disturbance occurs. To keep our stomach fit we are taking many kind of medicine, going for consulting doctors and doing research and by research, daily new medicine comes in the market but still we failed to cure our digestive diseases and metabolic disorders by medicine and new problems also occurs day by day. Then we should think that, why this new problems arise and again we are doing research. We never think to solve the problem naturally and change the habits of eating foods, spicy foods, food on time and how much to eat to keep our stomach fit. Due to stomach problem our body gets much kind of diseases. Our body gets disturbance due to our way of leaving, types of food and the way we are eating, Time for the eating and cleanliness also. Now we see that many kind of metabolic disturbance comes out day by day and we give only substitutes but we fails to cure it and stop the substitutes. It is the time for us to change our eating system and living system to keep our digestive system and metabolism correct.

Short-term observation of management of sclera patch grafts used in the scleral defects

Background: To explore the safety and effectiveness of Sclera patch grafts in the management of scleral defects. Methods: This is a retrospective uncontrolled study. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 8 eyes of 8 patients with sclera patch grafts. Two patients had necrotizing scleritis, 2 patients had scleral melting/perforation secondary to thermal burns, 4 patients had scleral staphyloma secondary to surgery. Sclera was reconstructed with allogenic sclera patch grafts, 6 in 8 patients combined autologous conjunctival pedicle flap, 1 patient combined partial medial rectus translocation, 1 patient combined autologous pedicle tenon graft, simultaneously. Treatment outcomes were evaluated using structural integrity, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), scleritis remission, sclera rejection and melt, and ocular symptoms. Results: Eight patients were reviewed. In all of these cases, satisfactory anatomic and functional outcomes were achieved. In the at least half a year follow-up, the BCVA of all the eight patients were no worse than that of preoperative. No eye pain, foreign body sensation and other discomforts showed in all the patients, except one woman, who showed sclera rejection and melt 1 month postoperative. In addition, one patient showed high intraocular pressure (28 mmHg), which can be controlled by a kind of medicine. Conclusions: In this series, sclera patch grafts is an effective method for management scleral defects in the at least half a year following-up. Attention should be paid to the sclera patch rejection and melt post operatively.

Ethanol extract and its dichloromethane fraction of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel exhibited hepatoprotective effects against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo with the involvement of Nrf2.

Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. (A. oxyphylla), as a kind of medicine which also be used as food, is widely used in East Asian for the treatment of dyspepsia, diarrhea, abdominal pain and deficiency cold of spleen and stomach. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ethanol extract (EE) and its dichloromethane fraction (DM) of A. oxyphylla, which are rich in phenolic compounds, against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in vitro and in vivo. EE, DM and silymarin ameliorated CCl4-induced decrease of cell viability and increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HepG2 cells. The CCl4-induced changes of glutathione (GSH) and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) levels, and the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were all restored with the pretreatment of EE, DM and silymarin. The results in liver injury model in rats showed that EE, DM and silymarin could significant decrease the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin than the model group. Liver histopathology revealed that EE and DM attenuated the incidence of liver lesions triggered by CCl4 intoxication. They also effectively relieved CCl4-induced oxidative damage. Western blot analysis indicated NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway played an critical role in the protection of EE and DM against CCl4-induced oxidative stress. In conclusion, the extracts from A. oxyphylla might be used as hepatoprotective agents.

Application of thrombopoietin receptor agonist in cord blood transplantation

Thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPORA) is a kind of medicine which can specifically combine with thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor (c-mpl) and take effect. Because of the advantages such as abundant source, easy access, no risk of donor, low requirement of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching, low incidence and mild degree of graft versus host disease (GVHD), etc., cord blood transplantation (CBT) has been widely applied in treatment of malignancy hematologic disease. In this paper, the biological characteristics of TPORA and its application in CBT are reviewed. Key words: Receptors, thrombopoietin; Cord blood stem cell transplantation; Graft vs host disease

Effectiveness of two kind of medicine on non-obstructive azoospermia

Effectiveness of two kind of medicine on non-obstructive azoospermia

Polypharmacy and associated factors in people living in a nursing home in Kayseri Turkey

It has been found that residents of nursing homes have more frequent drug side effects, because they use more drugs than those living in the community. This study was conducted to determine the status of polypharmacy and related factors among the individuals living in a nursing home. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in a nursing home in the provincial centre of Kayseri in 2016. A socio-demographic questionnaire and Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) were used for data collection. A total of 99 participants were included in the study. Chi square test, unpaired t test and one-way ANOVA test (Posthoc Scheffe test) were used for statistical analyses. Results: It was determined that, 58.6% of the study group was male, mean age was 76.0±9.5 years, and 88.9% used at least one kind of medicine. The prevalence rate of polypharmacy was found 59.6%. According to SMMT scores, 66.7% of the participants had cognitive impairment. Prevalence rate of polypharmacy was found 69.0% among the individuals with cognitive impairment. From the standpoint of polypharmacy, statistically significant differences were found between the participants having and not having chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions: Polypharmacy was determined in more than half of the individuals living in nursing home. Individuals living in nursing homes should be informed about the use of medicines and their medicine use should be closely monitored.

산초(山椒)의 기원(基原)식물과 이물 규격에 관한 연구

Objectives : This study aims to examine validity of the following guideline for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium in the Korean Pharmacopoeia regarding foreign materials: "the seeds of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium that are mixed should not exceed 20%." Methods : Varied compliance guidelines for and original plants of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium across countries were compared and contrasted. In order to do this, pharmacopoeias from a number of different countries including Korea were used as references. Results : The weights including seed parts were Z. piperitum 3.48g, Z. schinifolium 2.94g, and Z. bungeanum 2.16g; while the weights of peel parts were Z. piperitum 1.45g, Z. schinifolium 1.69g, and Z. bungeanum 0.98g. In terms of weight, Z. piperitum was the heaviest with its entire part including the seed, whereas Z. schinifolium was the heaviest with its peel part. The proportions of each seed in the whole part were Z. piperitum 58.33%, Z. schinifolium 42.52%, and Z. bungeanum 54.63%. Considering these figures, including seed parts in the guideline up to 20% is inappropriate; however, this guideline is inevitable in order to use seed parts for medicinal purpose. Conclusion : In this article, the author argues if any changes were to made on the guideline for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium with respect to foreign materials - "the seeds of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium that are mixed should not exceed 20%" - its seed part should firsthand be separated from its peel part and be designated as one kind of medicine. Then, revisions on the foreign materials compliance guidelines for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium should also be made.

Evolution of the Origin of Herba Schizonepetae

Herba Schizonepetae was firstly recorded in the Sheng nong ben caojing (Shennong's Materia Medica) with the title Jiasu. It could be sure that the original plant of Jiasu is Ocimumbasilicum L. ofLabiatae based on the record of Jiasu's name, morphology, edible property before the Song Dynasty. Beginning from the Ben cao tu jing (Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica) in the Song Dynasty, the source of this drug evolved as SchizonepetatenuisfoliaBriq. ofLabiatae, and it has been in use until now. Hence, the sources of Jiasu should be both O. basilicum L. and the co-existence of S. tenuisfolia Briq in the Qing Dynasty. It is claimed that the hometowns of those herb writers who considered the source ofOcimumbasilicum L. to be the producing areas of cultivation of the edible Ocimumbasilicum L. It was found that the source of Jiasu recorded in the Sheng nong ben cao jing should be O. basilicum L. , hence, it is suggested the title Jiasu should be recorded for the source of O. basilicum L, and the original plant of Herba Schizonepetae was Schizonepetatenuisfolia Briq. of Labiatae, and this medicine should be separately recorded. In fact, Jiasu and Herba Schizonepetae were two different kinds of medicines.

Expanding the Therapeutic Spectrum of Artemisinin: Activity Against Infectious Diseases Beyond Malaria and Novel Pharmaceutical Developments

The interest of Western medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as a source of drug leads/new drugs to treat diseases without available efficient therapies has been dramatically augmented in the last decades by the extensive work and the outstanding findings achieved within this kind of medicine. The practice of TCM over thousands of years has equipped scientists with substantial experience with hundreds of plants that led to the discovery of artemisinin (qinghaosu), which is extracted from the medicinal plant Artemisia annua L. (qinghao). The unexpected success of artemisinin in combating malaria has drawn strong attention from the scientific community towards TCM. Artemisinin was discovered by Youyou Tu in 1972. Since then, several novel pharmacological activities based on the well-known properties of the sesquiterpene lactone structure with the oxepane ring and an endoperoxide bridge have been unravelled. Beyond malaria, artemisinin and its derivatives (artemisinins) exert profound activities towards other protozoans (Leishmania, Trypanosoma, amoebas, Neospora caninum, and Eimeria tenella), trematodes (Schistosoma, liver flukes), and viruses (human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C viruses). Less clear is the effect against bacteria and fungi. Based on the promising results of artemisinin and the first generation derivatives (artesunate, artemether, arteether), novel drug development strategies have been pursued. These included the synthesis of acetal- and non-acetal-type artemisinin dimeric molecules as well as developing nanotechnological approaches, e.g. artemisinin-based liposomes, niosomes, micelles, solid lipid nanocarriers, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoparticles, fullerenes and nanotubes. The current review presents an overview on different aspects of artemisinins, including sources, chemistry, biological/pharmacological properties, types of infectious pathogens that are susceptible to artemisinins in vitro and in vivo, in addition to the advancement in their drug delivery systems utilizing pharmaceutical technology. It would be expected that different therapeutic strategies based on the second and third generation artemisinin derivatives and artemisinin-based drug technologies would be available in the near future to treat specific infectious diseases. Abbreviations: ARM: Artemether; ARM-LNP: Artemether-loaded lipid nanoparticles; ART: Artemisinin; ACT: Artemisinin-based combination therapies; AC-PL: Artemisinin-curcumin-loaded PEGylated liposomes; ADPs: Artemisinin dimer piperazine derivatives; A-CL: Artemisinin-loaded conventional liposomes, artemisinin-curcumin-loaded; AST: Artesunate; BBB: Blood-brain barrier; AC-CL: Conventional liposomes; A-PL: artemisinin-loaded PEGylated liposomes; DHA: Dihydroartemisinin; %EE: Entrapment efficiency; GNO: Ground nut oil; kDNA: Kinetoplast; LNs: Lipid nanospheres; NPs: Liposomal nanoparticles; MRT: Mean residence times; MPEG: Methoxy polyethylene glycol; NP: Nanoparticle; NLC: Nanostructured lipid carrier; NCEs: New chemical entities; PSM: Plant secondary metabolites; SNL: Solid lipid nanovectors; TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine; TR: Transferrin; TNBC: Triple negative breast cancer; VM: Vasculogenic mimicry Received 12 January 2016; Accept 3 May 2016