Kind Of Machine Research Articles

The Analysis of the Life of Conveyer-Belt on a Hydraulic Tensioning Device

This paper analyzes the life of a kind of conveyor belt, based on the theory of the hydraulic tensioning device. Hydraulic tensioning device is a kind of machine which detects the real-time force in the conveyor belt. When the force is lower than the enactment value, the device will tension the belt to make it lager, in case of the belt skids. When the force is higher than the enactment value, the device will stop tensioning the belt. Based on the relationship between the effective strain and the life of the conveyor belt, simplify the real problem. Draw a curve of the relationship between the effective strain and the life of the conveyor belt by Matlab which can educe the stop tensioning value. Based on the theory of classical mechanics, the paper gives out the start tensioning value. At last, this paper gives out the reasonable range of the strain of the conveyor belt.

Numerical modelling of hydraulic turbomachines: a historical review

This article presents a brief review of the historical evolution of the numerical flow simulations for hydraulic machinery in the last decades. From the early beginning in the use of numerical techniques to analyze the behavior of the flow in these kind of machines, back to the early 70s, until nowadays, a lot of improvements and modifications in the strategies have allowed to reach important progress towards the better knowledge and design of these turbomachines. The most relevant methodological changes experienced along the years, including the approximation degree (turbulent models and solved scales), main goals of the different approaches, calculation capabilities and model computational loads, are all explained. Special focus is made on the state-of-the art in all these features. The final part of the article shows future challenges and depicts a possible understanding on the different options that may occur in the use of numerical techniques to study the flow in hydraulic turbomachines.

EPISTEMOLOGICAL INTERLUDE

The dominant post-Enlightenment Western view of animals has seen them as some kind of machine, objects of no true moral significance, which it is permissible to subject to a range of treatments that would never be tolerated if practised on humans. In reality, defenders of animals, rather than being sentimentalists or somehow insufficiently attached to their own species, are far more in accord with scientific evidence and with the best interests of humanity itself. Animals are fundamentally makers and interpreters of meaning. The rejection of anthropomorphism and anecdote, and the illusion of the invisible observer, are the weapons of an ethnocentric positivism that should be rejected in favour of a strong heuristic position regarding the emotions, consciousness and abilities of animals.

Trenchless Rig Remote Monitoring System Software Development Based on VB

To guarantee the normal construction of trenchless rigs and increase enterprises’ managerial effectiveness of trenchless rigs all over the country, considering the construction characteristics of this kind of machine, the paper develops a upper-computer software of trenchless rig remote monitoring device based on VB. Through this software, it is convenient for enterprises to realize the real-time monitoring of trenchless rig information such as its application factors, geographical locations ,operating time and primitive parameters. Field experiment was conducted when software design for testability was finished, and the experimental data shows that this software can meet projects’ application requirements.Key words: VB; trenchless rig; monitoring; software

Study of the Modeling and Simulation for Waste Briquetting Machine Based on the Compression/Pushing Mechanical Hydraulic System

The Waste Briquetting Machine is the main equipment of waste transfer-station, it is also a kind of machine which is controlled by hydraulic system to compress the collecting rubbish into pieces, which realize the reduction of the rubbish to be convenient to transport. This article chooses the buried waste briquetting machine and based on the AMESim software to modeling the compression/pushing mechanical hydraulic system. It also analyzing the single motivation in an unloaded condition and simulating in an as-clad condition. The conclusion is in accordance with the theoretical analysis, which has provided a valuable reference to the study of the waste briquetting machine hydraulic system.

S1110604 転がり軸受の接触解析及び剛性測定試験装置の設計に関する研究([S111-06]第20回卒業研究コンテスト(6),機素潤滑設計部門)

The bearing is one of the most basic machine elements and playing a very important role in various kinds of machines. Though it has been a very long time to make studies on the bearing and the theory of Hertz is used successfully to analyze the elasticity contact problem of the bearing, there are still many unsolved problems remained for it. Especially, it is still a difficult problem to analyze support rigidity and contact stresses of the bearing exactly in theory when deformation of the outer and inner rings, deformation of the housings, misalignment errors of the shafts, machining errors of the parts, crowning of the rollers and other factors are considered. In order to be able to solve some remained problems of the bearing, this paper tries to use finite element method (FEM) to analyze the contact rigidity and stresses of the rolling bearing. In this paper, a FEM model is presented firstly for elasticity contact analysis of the roller bearing. Then the commercial FEM software included in the SolidWorks Simulation is used to make contact analysis of the rolling bearing both in the cases of rollers with crowning and without crowning. Contact rigidity and stresses are both calculated by the FEM and the theory of Hertz. It is found that contact rigidities calculated by the two methods are agreement well with each other, but the contact stresses are not agreement well with each other.

Los proyectiles de artillería romana en el <i>Oppidum</i> de monte Bernorio (Villarén, Palencia) y las campañas de Augusto en la primera fase de la guerra cantábrica

The oppidum of Mount Bernorio is known as one of the most prominent fortified sites in the Iron Age in the Cantabrian coast. It dominated an important crossroads across the Cantabrian Range that connected the North Sub-plateau and the central area of the Cantabrian Strip. The conquest of this oppidum became essential during the military campaigns of the Emperor Octavio Augusto against the Cantabrians and the Asturians , as the recent archaelogical excavations campaigns have shown. This piece of work reveals news related to the conquest of the site by the roman legions, as well as the remains of arms found during the excavations, especially the artillery projectiles used for the attack. The evidence of artillery projectiles of small-bore caliber could prove the use of this kind of machines in the Early Imperial Age.

Voltage THD Improvement for an Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

Abstract This article deals with the design of an outer rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) driven by wind turbines. The Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (VTHD) is especially addressed, under design parameters’ handling, i.e., the geometry of the stator, the polar arc percentage, the air gap, the skew angle in rotor poles, the pole length and the core steel class. Seventy-six cases are simulated and the results provide information useful for designing this kind of machines. The study is conducted on a 5 kW PMSM.

Primary Research on Jet ECM Processing of Difficult to Cut Materials

Unconventional production techniques became interesting and promising part of manufacturing methods. They provide complementary, to traditional loss methods, solutions enabling use of high - performance engineering materials for construction of machinery and industrial equipment. By using properly selected methods or their hybrids difficult to cut materials as steel, alloys, sintered materials and composites can be processed. Among the wide variety of unconventional methods of materials forming, particular attention should be given to electrochemical machining, which has been successfully used in various industries. This fact proves attractiveness and versatility of ECM. The method could be used on large scale and many variations was developed as each application requires an individual approach and has own requirements. One of the least known and described type of electrochemical machining is jet ECM where the electrolyte jet stream acts as a tool. In this kind of machining, the part is shaped only in the area where the electrolyte jet strikes the surface. This is due to the fact that the current density distribution is located just below the stream. In the area around the jet hitting the work piece thin electrolyte layer is formed. Thickness of that layer is growing rapidly. Since the electrolyte jet machining is an electrochemical process, the machined surface has all the benefits of ECM. There is no burrs and low temperature of the process prevents appearance of cracks and there is no heat-affected zone. Electrolyte jet machining can be used as well as in macro and micro drilling, turning, texturing, and electroplating. The process can be controlled by proper selection of such parameters as time, the current density and the diameter of the jet. Jet ECM can be used not only for material removal, but also for coloration (passivation) by means of anodic dissolution. 3D shaping of elements is also possible by controlling the current and the velocity of the electrolyte stream. In addition, by changing the polarity of the applied voltage it is possible to use this method in broadly considered electroplating. The paper presents results of the initial research on jet electrochemical machining (jet ECM) of acid proof steel and tungsten carbide. The material processing was carried in two ways – drilling holes and shaping grooves. Shaping was realized in milling and face turning regime. The influence of the two basic process parameters voltage and pressure was examined. In order to get rough information about the jet ECM process experiment planning method was applied. Obtained results enable planning of the further extended research.

Minimizing the assembly cycle time on a revolver gantry machine

In printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing the revolver head gantry machines are nowadays popular because of their flexibility, accuracy and high speed. The operation control of this kind of machines includes, for example, selecting the nozzles into the revolver, assigning the component reels to feeder slots, and determining the pick-up and placement sequences of the components. We consider in this article the feeder assignment and the pick-up and placement sequencing problems.Unlike to some previous literature on these problems, we suppose that each component can be picked up by a nozzle of a certain type, only. For the feeder assignment problem a new heuristic is given and tested against four existing algorithms. The proposed heuristic considers the types of the r nearest neighbors of each component on the PCB and assigns component feeders close to each other according to the closeness of the component types on the PCB. The experimental tests are performed using two data sets based on realistic PCBs. The new heuristic outperformed the previous methods with 3.4% faster placement times. For determining the pick-up and placement sequences four rule-based algorithms are introduced and their performances evaluated. The best two of these construct the sequences greedily around the placement position of a starting component, which is selected in turns as the component nearest to each corner of the PCB.

Organizing the nozzle magazine of a gantry-type PCB assembly machine

The present work studies the operation control of so-called collect-and-place component placement machines. These kinds of machines are suited for the flexible manufacturing of various printed circuit board products. These machines operate in cycles where a set of components is first collected from the component feeders to the vacuum nozzles of the component placement head. The head then moves on the circuit board and places the components to their appropriate locations. Different component types require the use of different nozzle types, but the placement head has only a limited capacity for nozzles. Hence, the ability to change nozzles every now and then allows the manipulation of a great variety of component types with the same machine. This is accomplished by storing a larger selection of nozzles in a separate nozzle magazine from where the nozzle collection of the placement head can be updated. The cost of changing the nozzle setup is, however, relatively large compared to the time costs of other operations in the placement cycle. What complicates things more is that the nozzle change cost is affected by the organization of nozzles in the magazine, too. The aim of this work is to determine the contents of the nozzle magazine in such a way that the change operation times are as small as possible. We develop two heuristics (a genetic algorithm and a swarm optimization algorithm) for this purpose and evaluate their performance on sample problems. Both heuristic approaches are capable of processing realistic production problems, in particular the genetic algorithm finds near-optimal results for small problem instances and outperforms clearly our other approaches for larger problems.

Forecasting Demand of Agricultural Tractor, Riding Type Rice Transplanter and Combine Harvester by using an ARIMA Model

Purpose: The goal of this study was to develop a methodology for the demand forecast of tractor, riding type rice transplanter and combine harvester using an ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) model, one of time series analysis methods, and to forecast their demands from 2012 to 2021 in South Korea. Methods: To forecast the demands of three kinds of machines, ARIMA models were constructed by following three stages; identification, estimation and diagnose. Time series used were supply and stock of each machine and the analysis tool was SAS 9.2 for Windows XP. Results: Six final models, supply based ones and stock based ones for each machine, were constructed from 32 tentative models identified by examining the ACF (autocorrelation function) plots and the PACF (partial autocorrelation function) plots. All demand series forecasted by the final models showed increasing trends and fluctuations with two-year period. Conclusions: Some forecast results of this study are not applicable immediately due to periodic fluctuation and large variation. However, it can be advanced by incorporating treatment of outliers or combining with another forecast methods.

Experimental Study of Compound-Structure Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Used for HEVs

A compound-structure permanent-magnet synchronous machine (CS-PMSM) system used for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) enables the internal combustion engine (ICE) to operate at the optimum efficiency region independent of road conditions, thus decreasing emissions and fuel consumption. The key part CS-PMSM is a high integration of two electric machines. The connection ways of the CS-PMSM in the HEV system are discussed and the better connection way is selected based on power. Different topologies of the CS-PMSM are put forward and compared on criteria, such as magnetic coupling, power match, thermal properties, etc. A downsized axial-axial flux prototype machine was designed and manufactured for the testing facilities and concept validation. The performance, magnetic coupling, efficiency, and temperature of the axial-axial flux CS-PMSM prototype are measured and analyzed to provide a reference for this kind of machine.

Chapter 5. Robotics supporting autonomy. 5th French Japanese Conference on bio-ethics

The aim of this paper is to propose a new vision on robots. Generally seen as a threat against humanity or at least against employment, we will demonstrate that this new kind of machine can be a support not only for people in loss of autonomy but even for everyone. They will not replace people, they will assist them. The mass production of these companion robots will create a new industry that could take the relay of the automotive and the computer industries in this century. This access to the mass market will require solving technological and acceptability problems by a common work of researchers, engineers, users and the major stakeholders of our society.

Computer Accounting and Analysis System of Silk’s Weaving Process and Equipment

On the basis of silk fabric product specifications, making use of programming software to deal with product information, complete the complicated process calculation, realize the connection and running of products information database with the front desk inquiry calculation software. The system can achieve the number of all kinds of machines by automatic accounting according to the requirements of the design, and realize variables to be automatically selected such as the spindle number, efficiency, working hours and linear velocity. Automatically plot and analyze the variation trend of mechanical number in different fabric situation when the number of loom or annual output equality variation. The system contribute to production manager configure the process equipment rapidly and estimate the production ability.

세부공정으로 구성된 LCD 모듈 라인의 다중스테이지 메타휴리스틱 스케줄링 알고리즘 연구

This paper develops a multistage scheduling algorithm for the module operation of the LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) production systems and tests the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The module operation is a multistage form composed of multiple sub operations of processes, and each stage is consists of multiple lines with the same kinds of machines. This paper presents a mathematical modeling reflecting the constraints of the LCD module operation and develops a multistage scheduling algorithm based on tabu search metaheuristic approach. For this purpose, an production order is assigned to a line of the sub operations and a sequence of the assigned order is rearranged to draw an efficient schedule. Simulation experiments test performance measures and show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Life and organism in Leibniz’s philosophy

Leibniz’s credentials as one of early modern philosophy’s pre-eminent natural philosophers have long been acknowledged by scholars of this period. Typically, however, pride of place has been accorded to his views on space, time, motion, optics, the nature of matter, and the formal and mathematical sciences, with scant attention having been paid to his views on what we would classify as the biological sciences. This in spite of the fact that Leibniz’s universe is one populated by an infinite plurality of animate substances. This probing collection of essays paints a fuller picture of Leibniz’s natural philosophy by exploring various facets of his views on natural machines and organisms. On the view defended throughout this book, biology, far from being at the periphery of his thought, ‘‘constitutes the true foundational science’’ for Leibniz (2). Along the way, the authors address several issues of fundamental importance to Leibniz’s philosophy, including questions about the reality of corporeal substances, the place of teleological explanations in the sciences, and the nature of perceptual representation. The following review examines only some of this volume’s many fine essays. Central to Leibniz’s philosophy of biology is the distinction between natural and artificial machines. As a number of authors in this book note, this distinction is often explicated in terms of the kind of complexity involved in each machine: both kinds of machines have infinitely parts, but it is only natural machines that have as their parts other natural machines that are themselves constituted by still other natural machines, ad infinitum. An equally important difference is that natural machines have a kind of unity that artificial machines lack. In his contribution to this volume, Ohad Nachtomy concludes that the unity of natural machines makes them different in kind, not degree, from artificial machines, with the former counting as substances and the latter only as aggregates. Given that both kinds of machines have infinitely parts, how can Leibniz account for the unity enjoyed by natural but not artificial

Slot Harmonic Impact on Rotor Losses in Fractional-Slot Permanent-Magnet Machines

Fractional-slot permanent-magnet (PM) machines have several advantages, but they suffer from the high content of space harmonics in the air-gap magnetomotive force (MMF) distribution. The MMF space harmonic amplitude and frequency depend on the particular combination of numbers of slots and poles. Such harmonics induce losses in the rotor since they are not synchronous with the rotor speed. This paper compares several kinds of machines with the same stator lamination but with different numbers of phases; three-, five-, and seven-phase PM machines are considered. Several winding configurations are compared, changing the number of poles but maintaining the same number of slots. Although in each case there is a reduction in terms of harmonic content, it is shown that rotor loss reduction is lower than expected. Some considerations about the harmonic impact are given. Although no experimental results are given, this paper refers to previous works in which rotor losses have been investigated and measured experimentally.

One-reversal counter machines and multihead automata: Revisited

We investigate the power of (1-reversal) counter machines (finite automata with multiple counters, where each counter can “reverse” only once, i.e., once a counter decrements, it can no longer increment) and one-way multihead finite automata (finite automata with multiple one-way input heads) as a language acceptor. They can be non-deterministic as well as augmented with a pushdown stack. First, we prove that adding a pushdown stack properly strengthens the deterministic counter machines. Non-deterministic counter machines with a pushdown stack are then compared with multihead finite automata. The proof of their incomparability involves an interesting technique: an assumption that a language be accepted by a non-deterministic counter machine would bring a contradictory algorithm to decide an undecidable language. Furthermore, we will show that over bounded languages, these two kinds of machines have the same power, and neither non-determinism nor a pushdown stack makes them stronger.

A new method of machinery diagnosis monitoring based on the acoustic imaging measurement

Abstract A new method has been developed to perform a fantastic diagnosis monitoring for different kinds of machines, including small as computer, shaver, hand phone, or large as 4000hp engine, slow as a walking, or fast as flying in sky, based on acoustic imaging technology with a microphone array measurement system. With it noise field of machine can be analyzed from its sound image coupled in video in door and out door, even in some extent reverberated space. It is particularly useful to analysis large machine with multi noise source and low noise level machine. Comparing to traditional vibration measurement, this method can locate the diagnosis' center and separate every source with 15dB sub-lobe suppression.