Kind Of Connection Research Articles

Influence of seat angles on the behaviour of cold-formed steel concrete composite joints

This paper presents an experimental study on cold-formed steel (CFS) concrete composite joints, with and without seat angles, to investigate their structural behaviour and determine the influence of seat angle on this kind of connection. These CFS-concrete composite joints were made up of a cold-formed steel (CFS) connection consisting of two lipped CFS C-channels (bolted back-to-back as a beam and column with a trough plate or gusset plate), a composite slab (comprising a reinforced concrete slab with profiled CFS deck, and bolted shear connectors). In the literature review, the CFS-concrete composite beams and composite slabs were found to have been investigated experimentally and analytically in several studies but little attention has been paid to CFS-concrete composite joints. This is the reason for the current investigation on these kinds of composite joints. Six full-scale specimens of composite joints, three bare joints and three seat-angle joints, were evaluated experimentally by isolated joint tests, in which a one-point load was monotonically applied to the beams. The responses of the specimens were recorded by measuring instruments: i.e. five LVDTs, two inclinometers, and five strain gauges. The results obtained were used to provide moment-rotation relationships of the connections, which were necessary for quantifying the key characteristics of the connections. The three linear moment-rotation responses of the tested composite joints showed that adding the seat angles to the CFS-concrete composite joints increases both their moment resistance and rotational stiffness (by 8% and 21%, respectively), and reduces the rotation capacity (by 17%), on average. Furthermore, it was observed that the behaviour of these types of joints tends to transform from partial strength to full strength by adding a seat angle.

Air and rail connectivity patterns of major city clusters in China

Abstract This study proposes a series of statistical and regression approaches to investigate city-cluster transport connectivity patterns. Three major city clusters in China are selected for this study, namely, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) economic zones. Our analyses examine three aspects of city-cluster connectivity patterns: (i) connectivity distribution among cities within the city cluster; (ii) dependence of the non-center city on the center city; and (iii) the impact of improved intra-city-cluster rail connectivity on air-connectivity distribution. First, it is found that the BTH has the most concentrated connectivity among the three city clusters, with Beijing clearly dominating the other cities in every kind of connectivity. The connectivity distributions are more balanced in the YRD and PRD. Second, the calculated “survival connectivity” and regression analyses suggest that non-center cities heavily rely on the center city as the hub to develop their network connectivity. Such a “hub-and-spoke system” helps a non-center city improve total connectivity but reduces its direct connectivity to other cities outside the city cluster. Finally, our regression analysis shows that improved intra-city-cluster rail connectivity further deteriorates the air-connectivity disparity within the city cluster, which occurs because the center city benefits more from the upgraded air-HSR (high speed rail) intermodal connectivity because it can attract air passengers from neighboring non-center cities. Relevant policy implications and suggestions are also discussed in the paper. We believe the proposed statistical and regression approaches can be easily applied to examine city-cluster connectivity in other contexts and countries.

Guest editorial

PurposeIntroduction to the JPCC special issue: Professionalism in the Pandemic.Design/methodology/approachAs educators around the world respond to the global COVID-19 pandemic, the Journal of Professional Capital and Community (JPCC), the International Congress for School Effectiveness and Improvement (ICSEI) and the ARC Education Project are collaboratively launching a special issue of JPCC: Professionalism in the Pandemic. This essay provides a brief introduction to this special issue.FindingsThe purpose of this special issue is to create a scholarly forum for sharing perspectives from around the world about how educators in classrooms, schools, school systems and broader communities are innovatively, creatively and productively responding to this unfolding crisis. Some guiding questions these essays consider: In your field/area of expertise, what are some examples of creative responses to the pandemic that you are witnessing? What lessons do you see educators learning in the short term? Medium term? Long term? What are some ways the current crisis is spurring new opportunities to build professional capital and community? How are educators (re)conceptualizing their roles in the face of this crisis? What kinds of connections are educators fostering to support one another through this time? How are responses exhibiting consistency and variation internationally?Originality/valueThe thought leaders contributing to this special issue come from around the world. Speaking in the voice of public intellectuals, they provide perspectives for practitioners and policymakers who are seeking to not simply adapt to meet the crisis at hand but also to step back and consider the medium to longer-term implications.

Analysis and optimization of the bearing capacity of connecting wooden structures with application of dowel type self-drilling

The multiple shear connection with slotted-in steel plates and dowel-type self-drilling is a very efficient timber connections for frame and truss. It is used in practice, due to its high capacity and faster construction method. However, when the complex connection and many parameters affect the bearing capacity, instead of a ductile mechanism, brittle failure may govern its capacity. To achieve the desired working connection, the relationship between the connection configuration parameters is established but no standard specifically with this kind of connection. A series of parameters changes affecting the bearing capacity of the connection are given. Calculate and compare with many previous research methods in ductile failure modes to assess their prediction accuracy and optimal connection. A model for the optimization of the ductile failure mode for the multiple shear connections with slotted-in steel plates and dowel-type self-drilling is then proposed.

ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ДЕВИАНТНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ К СОЦИАЛЬНЫМ НОРМАМ СТУДЕНТОВ Г. КАЗАНИ)

The basis for regulating behavior in society is social norms that fix the existing system of values of society. The changes that are currently taking place in all spheres of modern Russian society are undermining the established foundations of life and disturbing the balance of the entire system as a whole. The greatest influence, and above all negative, they have on the development of culture and spiritual life. The ongoing reassessment of values leads to a decline in the significance of certain norms. The value-normative uncertainty characteristic of modern Russian society actualizes the problem of studying deviance in its environment. Modern Russian youth is focused on rapid achievement of high material well-being, but socially approved means of achieving success are very limited. The spread and popularization of new destructive behaviors in the youth environment at the current level of development of technical means of communication is much faster than the scientific and pedagogical community responds to these risks. The reasons for the increase in negative deviation in Russia are also, first, the changed system of values, in the structure of which the rapid achievement of material well-being, understood as enrichment, is rapidly beginning to dominate; second, the blurring of social norms leads to the destruction of even elementary moral prohibitions, which allows a significant part of individuals to enter into various kinds of connections with criminal structures. Based on the analysis of the works of classics of sociology and the results of empirical research, the article describes deviant behavior in terms of changing social forms in the minds of young people. Respondents were selected for focus groups using the snowball method. 20 students living in a dormitory of Kazan Federal University were selected, including students living on the territory of the Universiade Village and students living on the campus of KFU.

Chord failure resistance of 3D cut welded connections with CHS columns and through I-BEAMS

Abstract This paper deals with the study of the mechanical behaviour of a novel typology of steel beam-to-column connection made by welding circular hollow section (CHS) columns with through-all I-beams. Such connection represents an alternative to the classical configuration with the I-beam simply welded to the external surface of the hollow profile for which Eurocode 3 part 1.8 provides specific design rules resulting from the “ring model” theory. The main features of connections with through-all beams derive from a change of the resisting mechanism which leads to a significant increase of stiffness and resistance. Nevertheless, such a change of the mechanical behaviour, strictly affected by the different plasticity pattern, is not considered in the classical ring model theory. Within this framework, in this paper the flexural resistance of connections with CHS columns and through-all I-beams is assessed by developing experimental tests and analytical models aiming to propose a new design equation. Specifically, two cyclic ad two monotonic tests on real scale beam-to-column connections have been executed at the laboratory of the University of Salerno. Subsequently, finite element (FE) models have been calibrated and verified against the experimental results. Then, the developed FE models have been extended to perform parametric analyses to be used to verify the accuracy of a new theoretical approach able to predict the plastic resistance of such a kind of connections. The theoretical approach has been developed basing on the plasticity theory and exploiting the previous knowledge based on the so-called ring model. The proposed formulations, when compared to the available experimental data and FE simulations, have proved to exhibit a high accuracy.

3D mapping from partial observations: An application to utility mapping

Precise mapping of buried utilities is critical to managing massive urban underground infrastructure and preventing utility incidents. Most current research only focuses on generating such maps based on complete information of underground utilities. However, in real-world practice, it is rare that a full picture of buried utilities can be obtained for such mapping. Therefore, this paper explores the problem of generating maps from partial observations of a scene where the actual world is not fully observed. In particular, we focus on the problem of generating 2D/3D maps of buried utilities using a probabilistic based approach. This has the advantage that the method is generic and can be applied to various sources of utility detections, e.g. manhole observations, sensors, and existing records. In this paper, we illustrate our novel methods based on detections from manhole observations and sensor measurements.This paper makes the following new contributions. It is the first time that partial observations have been used to generate utility maps using optimization based approaches. It is the first time that such a large variety of utilities' properties have been considered, such as location, directions, type and size. Another novel contribution is that different kinds of connections are included to reflect the complex layout and structure of buried utilities. Finally, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we have integrated utility detection, probability calculation, model formulation and map generation into a single framework.The proposed framework represents all detections using a common language of probability distributions and then formulates the mapping problem as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem and the final map is generated based on the solution with the highest probability sum. The effectiveness of this system is evaluated on synthetic and real data using appropriate evaluation metrics.

Structural hole-based approach to control public opinion in a social network

Structural hole spanners play an important role in information diffusion. Compared with opinion leaders, structural hole spanners have better locations in social networks to expand the scope of information diffusion. In the past, researchers focused on evolution rules and opinion dynamics environments to monitor and even manage public opinion. In this study, we propose a novel structural-hole-based approach to control public opinion in social networks, hereinafter referred to as the SHCPO approach. We discuss the influence of both ordinary agents and structural hole spanners on opinion evolution using our improved Friedkin–Johnsen (FJ) model. Further, we analyze the evolution tendency of public opinion, which leads to the final consensus of public opinion, via the FJ model with ordinary agents in a community and structural hole spanners in joint communities. We reveal three kinds of connections between structural hole spanners and ordinary agents in joint communities. These comprise structural hole spanners connecting (1) two opinion leaders; (2) two ordinary agents; (3) one opinion leader and one ordinary agent. The three connections will lead to different opinion evolution conditions. According to the structural balance theory, we reconstruct the social network by changing the connections between structural hole spanners and agents in different communities. This guides the public opinion tendencies of joint communities towards the positive. Experimental results demonstrate beneficial effects of the SHCPO approach. We use three evaluation indicators to compare the SHCPO approach to five alternative methods. The percentage of positive opinions is used as an evaluation indicator. The SHCPO approach, compared with adding informed agents, add edges, the method from WWW and varying susceptibility to persuasion method, which guide the agent with a negative opinion towards positive opinion, has improved about 17%, 10%, 9%, 1%, respectively.

On Component Connectivity of Hierarchical Star Networks

For an integer [Formula: see text], the [Formula: see text]-component connectivity of a graph [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the minimum number of vertices whose removal from [Formula: see text] results in a disconnected graph with at least [Formula: see text] components or a graph with fewer than [Formula: see text] vertices. This naturally generalizes the classical connectivity of graphs defined in term of the minimum vertex-cut. This kind of connectivity can help us to measure the robustness of the graph corresponding to a network. The hierarchical star networks [Formula: see text], proposed by Shi and Srimani, is a new level interconnection network topology, and uses the star graphs as building blocks. In this paper, by exploring the combinatorial properties and fault-tolerance of [Formula: see text], we study the [Formula: see text]-component connectivity of hierarchical star networks [Formula: see text]. We obtain the results: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text].

Analysis of the spatial cascading effect in networks

Reality networks such as power grids and social networks can be spatially embedded. In this paper, we focus on the spatial cascading effect in such networks. The spatial cascading effect is that the failure of one node may cause other nodes that are close to it in space to fail. The phenomenon is very common, such that a person is more likely to have an impact on his neighbors even if he is not connected with his neighbors via social networks. Based on this, we construct a spatial cascading model to simulate the spatial cascading effect. In addition, we apply the exponential distribution [Formula: see text] to fit the real link distances. The networks are generated by two-dimensional lattices. We define two kinds of connections, namely actual spatial connections. The actual connections are links generated by the exponential distribution. The spatial connections are links in the lattice. Simulations show that the spatial embeddedness makes networks more robust in our model, which is different from previous research results. We put forward an algorithm to alter the link distances in the networks without changing node degree values. Using the algorithm verifies our conclusion that if nodes tend to connect with local nodes, networks will be robust to the spatial cascading effect. We further extend our model to a more general form. The nodes embedded in lattice can be sparse, which means that the existing probability of nodes in the lattice is not always 1. The networks in the extension model are more vulnerable compared to those in the original model.

Experimental Verification of the Stiffness of a Semi-Rigid Timber Connection

Modern fasteners offer new options for the design of timber load-bearing structures. In the design, the traditional hinged connections are increasingly being replaced with semi-rigid connections. Nevertheless, there is no feedback from the actual structures with this kind of connection regarding the accuracy of static calculations. The authors therefore decided to test one connection and compare the results with those obtained from calculation models. The paper presents the experimental verification of the frame connection in which the semi-rigid action was achieved by combining the aluminium Sherpa connector and total thread Rothoblaas screws. The timber samples were provided by Latti Extra.

St. Johns River Fisher-Hunter-Gatherers: Florida’s Connection to Cahokia

No area along the far edges of the Mississippian world is as remote from Cahokia as northeastern Florida. But objects of possible Cahokian derivation, though limited in number, made their way to this distant locale The most compelling material evidence in Florida for any kind of connection to Cahokia comes from the Mill Cove Complex and Mt. Royal along the St. Johns River of the northern peninsula. Situated about 100 km from one another, these two fisher-hunter-gatherer communities were recipients of copper and stone artifacts that likely originated in the American Bottom, some 1200 km away. The overall geographical distribution of Cahokian styles and artifacts enmeshed varied internal and external processes and flows that encompassed exploration, migration, diaspora, trade, and politics. While no evidence exists for a Cahokian outpost or diaspora as far south as Florida, the presence of American Bottom artifacts along the St. Johns River could have involved more than the stock answer of simple down-the-line-exchange. This essay explores issues of long-distance travel, direct contact, knowledge seeking, object biographies, and diplomacy among peoples from these geographically disparate locales.

Achieving better connections between deposited lines in additive manufacturing via machine learning.

Additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly popular because of its unique advantages, especially fused deposition modelling (FDM) which has been widely used due to its simplicity and comparatively low price. All the process parameters of FDM can be changed to achieve different goals. For example, lower print speed may lead to higher strength of the fabricated parts. While changing these parameters (e.g. print speed, layer height, filament extrusion speed and path distance in a layer), the connection between paths (lines) in a layer will be changed. To achieve the best connection among paths in a real printing process, how these parameters may result in what kind of connection should be studied. In this paper, a machine learning (deep neural network) model is proposed to predict the connection between paths in different process parameters. Four hundred experiments were conducted on an FDM machine to obtain the corresponding connection status data. Among them, there are 280 groups of data that were used to train the machine learning model, while the rest 120 groups of data were used for testing. The results show that this machine learning model can predict the connection status with the accuracy of around 83%. In the future, this model can be used to select the best process parameters in additive manufacturing processes with corresponding objectives.

Wolność i godność w starożytnym Rzymie – dobra osobiste czy społeczne? Kilka uwag na tle poglądów Borysa Łapickiego

This paper takes an effort to present views of Roman law professor Borys Łapicki on the concept and meaning of liberty and dignity in ancient Rome. He saw a close relationship between these two ideas and he was trying to prove its social character. Borys Łapicki pointed out resulting in that kind of connection from the role of ethics in the development of ancient Roman law. However, applying the Marxist method in science was also used in some of his books. Despite criticisms in relation to Borys Łapicki’s works, his contribution to research on Roman law should be appreciated. He was both a scientist and humanist and he tried to pay attention to an ethic component in Roman law and this makes his ideas of liberty and dignity universal. It forms part of the concept of romanesimo which is understanding the Roman law as an important part of achievement European civilization and some kind of appropriate role model of legal culture.

Kant’s Non-Positivistic Concept of Law

AbstractThe main thesis of this article is that Kant’s concept of law is a non-positivistic one, notwithstanding the fact that his legal philosophy includes very strong positivistic elements. My argument takes as its point of departure the distinction of three elements, around which the debate between positivism and non-positivism turns: first, authoritative issuance, second, social efficacy, and, third, moral correctness. All positivistic theories are confined to the first two elements. As soon as a necessary connection between these first two elements and the third element, moral correctness, is established, the picture changes fundamentally. Positivism becomes non-positivism. There exist two kinds of connections between law and morality: classifying and qualifying connections. This distinction stems from different sorts of effects that moral defects give rise to. A classifying connection leads to the loss of legal validity, whereas a qualifying connection leads only to legal defectiveness. In Kant’s theory of law both connections are found. The qualifying connection is conspicuous throughout Kant’s theory of law, whereas the classifying connection, by contrast, is rare and well hidden. This will suffice to consider Kant as a representative of inclusive non-positivism.

Human and infrastructural connectivity of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation: methodological approaches to research

The aim of the present paper is to introduce to the reader a new project “Arctic Connectivity: People and Infrastructures” (Russian Fund for Fundamental Research grant № 18-05-60108, received within the programme “Fundamental problems of research in the Russian Arctic: natural and social environment”). The three-year research project described in the article began in 2018 and is done by the Centre for Arctic Social Studies (European University, St Petersburg). The approach is based on the central concept of connectivity. The main aim of the research is to study different kinds of connections that make possible movement of people, objects, and information both within the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) and between AZRF and other parts of the country. The research uses holistic approach with its simultaneous and integrated attention to both social ties of the people who live and work in the AZRF and the physical infrastructure (roads and railroads, air and water transport, telecommunication etc.) that supports these ties. Despite the common stereotype, AZRF is not separated from the rest of the country. Multiple ties, both infrastructural and symbolic, unite the region by providing exchange of people, objects, and information between its parts, and link AZRF to the southern parts of the country. The target group of the ongoing research includes both indigenous and non-indigenous population. From the theoretical perspective, the research will help validate a working hypothesis of special importance of connectivity for the Arctic region. The research will help fill gaps in our fragmentary knowledge of the social life of the Arctic. From a practical viewpoint, the project will help plan the development of AZRF more rationally.

Linda Knodel, MHA, MSN, FACHE, FAAN

Linda Knodel is chief nurse executive and senior vice president of national patient care services for Kaiser Permanente, where she leads nearly 63,000 nurses. Knodel reports to Gregory A. Adams, executive vice president and group president. Prior to joining Kaiser Permanente in 2017, Knodel served as senior vice president and chief nursing officer for Mercy Health System, a large Catholic health care system serving residents in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Knodel has decades of experience and expertise in leadership across inpatient, ambulatory, and continuum-of-care settings. She is a past president of the American Organization for Nursing Leadership (AONL), and was the 2016 recipient of the American College of Healthcare Executives Gold Medal Award, which recognizes leaders who have made significant contributions to the health care profession.

Vortex motion and geometric function theory: the role of connections

We formulate the equations for point vortex dynamics on a closed two-dimensional Riemannian manifold in the language of affine and other kinds of connections. This can be viewed as a relaxation of standard approaches, using the Riemannian metric directly, to an approach based more on local coordinates provided with a minimal amount of extra structure. The speed of a vortex is then expressed in terms of the difference between an affine connection derived from the coordinate Robin function and the Levi–Civita connection associated with the Riemannian metric. A Hamiltonian formulation of the same dynamics is also given. The relevant Hamiltonian function consists of two main terms. One of the terms is the well-known quadratic form based on a matrix whose entries are Green and Robin functions, while the other term describes the energy contribution from those circulating flows which are not implicit in the Green functions. One main issue of the paper is a detailed analysis of the somewhat intricate exchanges of energy between these two terms of the Hamiltonian. This analysis confirms the mentioned dynamical equations formulated in terms of connections.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Topological and geometrical aspects of mass and vortex dynamics’.

Images of the Grieving Christ in the Museum Collections of Saratov

An analytical review of church statues united by the plot “Christ in the Dungeon” from Saratov and the Saratov region museums is presented in the article. Using these examples, the author draws attention to variations of the image of Christ in the last hours before the crucifixion typical of the Russian province. Assessing the wide variety of interpretations of this plot, it is necessary to take into account that, in Russia, the statues of Christ in the dungeon were created mostly in provincial workshops where the craftsmen used engraved illustrations as the source and an example. For instance, the illustrations for the Piscator Bible [Theatrum Biblicum: 1646] had served as iconographic examples for many icon-painters and carvers since the 17th century. It should be noted that most often these engraved examples provided only an impetus for sculptors and were sometimes interpreted quite arbitrarily. These circumstances gave certain freedom to sculptors and carvers creating artistic images distinguished by sculptural diversity and vivid emotional character. The statues of Christ in the dungeon are typical of the Russian province and represent images combining some details of the iconographic versions of Ecce Homo and The Man of Sorrows. Ecce Homo is an image of suffering, awaiting the crucifixion Christ with traces of flagellation, with chained or tied hands, in the Crown of Thorns, in shackles and a purple robe. As the Man of Sorrows, Christ is presented thoughtful, with a bowed head. His hand is pressed to his cheek, the wounds from the spear and nails received at the time of the crucifixion are visible on the body. Having become a kind of connection between the three museums, there are nineteen artworks in the Saratov collection of sculptures with the plot “Christ in the Dungeon”. These statues were moved from one museum to another throughout the 20th century. Initially, this group of monuments was collected in a small Petrovsky Museum of Local Lore. In the summer of 1923, members of an ethnographic expedition removed the statues of Christ in the Dungeon from the surrounding churches. At the same time, artist F. Kitavin made very accurate watercolour sketches reliably capturing the colour features of the statues and their vestments. Currently, these watercolour sketches with explanatory inscriptions may be regarded as a documentary source.

Images of the Grieving Christ in the Museum Collections of Saratov

An analytical review of church statues united by the plot “Christ in the Dungeon” from Saratov and the Saratov region museums is presented in the article. Using these examples, the author draws attention to variations of the image of Christ in the last hours before the crucifixion typical of the Russian province. Assessing the wide variety of interpretations of this plot, it is necessary to take into account that, in Russia, the statues of Christ in the dungeon were created mostly in provincial workshops where the craftsmen used engraved illustrations as the source and an example. For instance, the illustrations for the Piscator Bible [Theatrum Biblicum: 1646] had served as iconographic examples for many icon-painters and carvers since the 17th century. It should be noted that most often these engraved examples provided only an impetus for sculptors and were sometimes interpreted quite arbitrarily. These circumstances gave certain freedom to sculptors and carvers creating artistic images distinguished by sculptural diversity and vivid emotional character. The statues of Christ in the dungeon are typical of the Russian province and represent images combining some details of the iconographic versions of Ecce Homo and The Man of Sorrows. Ecce Homo is an image of suffering, awaiting the crucifixion Christ with traces of flagellation, with chained or tied hands, in the Crown of Thorns, in shackles and a purple robe. As the Man of Sorrows, Christ is presented thoughtful, with a bowed head. His hand is pressed to his cheek, the wounds from the spear and nails received at the time of the crucifixion are visible on the body. Having become a kind of connection between the three museums, there are nineteen artworks in the Saratov collection of sculptures with the plot “Christ in the Dungeon”. These statues were moved from one museum to another throughout the 20th century. Initially, this group of monuments was collected in a small Petrovsky Museum of Local Lore. In the summer of 1923, members of an ethnographic expedition removed the statues of Christ in the Dungeon from the surrounding churches. At the same time, artist F. Kitavin made very accurate watercolour sketches reliably capturing the colour features of the statues and their vestments. Currently, these watercolour sketches with explanatory inscriptions may be regarded as a documentary source.