Kind Of Connection Research Articles

Chord failure resistance of 3D cut welded connections with CHS columns and through I‐beams

AbstractThis paper investigates the mechanical behaviour of a novel typology of steel beam‐to‐column connection made by welding circular hollow section (CHS) columns with through‐all double‐tee beams. Such connection represents an alternative to the classical configuration with the I‐beam simply welded to the external surface of the hollow profile for which Eurocode 3 part 1.8 provides specific design rules resulting from the “ring model” theory. The main features of connections with through‐all beams derive from a change of the resisting mechanism which leads to a significant increase of stiffness and resistance. Nevertheless, such a change of the mechanical behaviour, strictly affected by the different plasticity pattern, has not been embedded in the ring model theory, yet. Instead, experiments and finite element (FE) simulations have been carried out proving that the resistance exhibited by CHS to through‐all axially loaded plates is about 2‐3 times higher than resistance referred to CHS to branch plates. The last‐mentioned connections represent the basic components in order to assess the flexural strength of connections made by CHS and I‐beams. This means that doubling the resistance of connections with beam welded to the external surface of the column, as some studies have proposed, leads to a significant underestimation of the resistance.Within this framework, in this paper the flexural resistance of connections with CHS columns and through‐all I‐beams is assessed by developing experimental tests and analytical models aiming to propose a new design equation. Specifically, two cyclic ad two monotonic tests on real scale beam‐to‐column connections have been executed at the laboratory of the University of Salerno. Subsequently, finite element (FE) models have been calibrated and verified against the experimental results. Then, the developed FE models have been extended to perform parametric analyses to be used to verify the accuracy of a new theoretical approach able to predict the resistance of such a kind of connections. The theoretical approach has been developed basing on the upper‐bound theorem and exploiting the previous knowledge based on the so‐called ring model. The proposed formulation, when compared to the available experimental data and FE simulations, have proved to exhibit a high accuracy.

‘All at Sea’: Virginia Woolf, Walter Benjamin, and the Unknown German

On July 10, 1940, amidst fear of Nazi invasion, a prison ship, of sorts, left Liverpool, England, crammed full of over two thousand male ‘Enemy Aliens’ – Germans, Austrians, and some Italians. They were herded together, below deck, with all hatches sealed. Some were prisoners of war, some were passionate Nazis, but most were Jewish refugees. Among them was Walter Benjamin's estranged son, a young man of 22 years, Stefan Rafael Schoenflies Benjamin. Soon after boarding, however, the authorities mistakenly recorded his surname as Benjamini. ‘All at Sea’, John Schad's critical-creative piece, recounts events around ‘the unknown German’ on the vessel, playing richly on, and with, recognition effects around what is (un)familiarly known about Virginia Woolf, Walter Benjamin, and various kinds of connection between them and other figures from the period.

Some Properties of the Covariant Functor Set of Exponential Type

In this paper, it is shown that the sets of all non-empty subsets Set (x) of a topological space X with exponential topology is a covariant functor in the category of -topological spaces and their continuous mappings into itself. It is shown that the functor Set is a covariant functor in the category of topological spaces and continuous mappings into itself, a pseudometric in the space Set (x) is defined, and compact, connected, finite, and countable subspaces of Set (x) are distinguished. It also shows various kinds of connectivity, soft, locally soft, and n - soft mappings in Set (x). One interesting example is given for the TOPY category. It is proved that the functor Set maps open mappings to open, contractible and locally contractible spaces and into contractible and locally contractible spaces.

Value Conservatism and its Challenge to Consequentialism

AbstractG. A. Cohen's value conservatism entails that we ought to preserve some existing sources of value in lieu of more valuable replacements, thereby repudiating maximizing consequentialism. Cohen motivates value conservatism through illustrative cases. The consequentialist, however, can explain many Cohen-style cases by taking extrinsic properties, such as historical significance, to be sources of final value. Nevertheless, it may be intuitive that there's stronger reason to preserve than to promote certain sources of value, especially historically significant things. This motivates an argument that the weights of our reasons to preserve such things are especially strong relative to the amounts of value they bear. The value conservative can then explain these intuitions in non-consequentialist terms. There may be reason to preserve historically significant things as a matter of recognition respect for a cultural and historical heritage, or because it is virtuous to cultivate the right kind of connection with such a heritage.

“Soviet suburbia”

The article discusses the applicability of the term “suburbia” to the mass housing development in the USSR in the 60-70s of the XX century. For this, the main features of suburbia are formulated as a phenomenon manifested in different cultures. The first of them is an ideological model that determines the peculiarities of the lifestyle in the suburbs and acts as the main city-forming and formative factor.Being a special type of development of non-urban areas, suburbia is primarily determined by the type of the settlement, and not by the features of space-planning or urban planning solutions. From this point of view, suburbia is a mono-territory with a simplified approach to solving social, functional and planning tasks.Being the product of a design approach which does not rely on the historical tradition of the surrounding landscape development, suburbia is not a self-sufficient territorial entity, being a part of the city “orbit” as an element of the network structure with its own complex structure of economic, social, cultural and other kinds of connections. Replacing the suburbs or suburban settlements in the vicinity of the city, the suburbia loses their properties as elements of the settlement network.One of the main typological signs of suburbia is the massive, typical character of construction and urban planning solutions. At the same time, it is interpreted as the main place of residence of socially homogeneous population, the so-called “middle class”, defined not by local traditions, but by the standards of the mass consumers.As a consequence of this approach, both in the American and Soviet versions of the suburbs of the 60-70s there are no complex zoning and functional density, no possibility of choice both in the typology of urban spaces and socially significant objects, no natural landscape and microlandscape identity.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PULLOUT BEHAVIOR OF LAP SPLICE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN DOUBLE-STEEL-PLATE COMPOSITE WALLS AND RC RAFT FOUNDATION IN NUCLEAR ENGINEERING

Combining the advantages of steel and concrete, the double–steel-plate composite (DSC) structures exhibit the advantages of high bearing capacity, good seismic performance and durability, and convenient construction, and they have been increasingly used in nuclear engineering projects. The connection between DSC walls and reinforced concrete raft foundation is the key to make full use of the aforementioned advantages. Compared with the traditional embedding connection and anchoring connection, the lap splice connection can greatly improve the construction efficiency, which gains more and more attention. However, there is few research on such connection. Therefore, in this paper, four 1∶2 scaled lap splice connections between double-steel-plate composite wall and RC foundation are designed, and the static monotonic loading tests are carried out. Through the observation of bearing capacity, stiffness, crack pattern and strains of steel plate and rebar, the influences of the arrangement of lapped bars and tie bars on the mechanical performance of the connections are explored. The test results show that this kind of connection can achieve equal strength and shows satisfactory ductility. Transverse bars can control the crack development effectively and improve the integrity of the connection greatly; in addition, the tie bar strain along the lap length is not linearly distributed. The higher eccentricity of the lapped bars, which means larger unbalanced moment between the reinforcement and the steel plate, will result in lager strains of the transverse bars and lower slip of lapped bars. This paper provides experimental basis for the design of lap splice connections.

Investigating Korean High School Students’ Use of English Connectives in Argumentative Writing

This study investigated how Korean high school students use English connectives in argumentative writing. The participants were 71 high school second year students. Analysis of data focused on three aspects of connective use: 1) the frequency and kinds of connectives used, 2) commonly used words in each category of connectives, and 3) frequently used positions of connectives. Considering the possible effect of topical knowledge and general English ability, the analysis included the comparison between two topic groups and between two language ability groups. The results showed there was a high similarity between different topic groups and ability groups in the use of connectives, but a significant difference was also found in some limited features. Based on the results, the study concludes that Korean high school students, regardless of the writing topic and language ability, share common features in the use of English connectives. Some suggestions are made for further research and writing instruction.

Keynes Rejected Kalecki’s Theory of Investment Because There Is No Major Difference Between Kalecki’s and Tinbergen’s Theories of Investment: Both Kalecki and Tinbergen Accepted Precise Theories of Probability Because They Were Frequentists

It is quite impossible for Kalecki’s Theory of Effective Demand to have anything to do with Keynes’s Theory of Effective Demand because Kalecki, like Tinbergen, was a frequentist who accepted only precise, exact, additive numerical probability as the general case. For Keynes, probability was generally imprecise, inexact, non additive and non numerical (interval). The belief that there is some kind of connection between Kalecki’s frequentist theory of investment and Keynes’s non frequentist theory is due to the false claims made by Joan Robinson, a mathematically and statistically illiterate economist, who did not realize that Kalecki’s theory of investment is in all major respects, just another version of Tinbergen’s theory based on frequentist, precise probability. Lopez and Mott (1999) and Mott (2009) do not seem to have any knowledge of the fact that Kalecki’s theory of investment and Tinbergen’s theory of investment are, in all major respects, identical: “Investment, and the level of employment in capitalism, are highly volatile. In part, investment volatility stemmed from psychological factors, such as 'animal spirits,’ expectations and conventions. But it was due also to an assumption that the 'decision period’ for capitalists (i.e. a period long enough for capitalists to take new decisions) was a very short one. Capitalists were viewed as taking decisions almost on a day-to-day basis. Kalecki never denied that psychological factors do influence investment decisions or that investment might be volatile. In fact, in several works he actually made reference to a 'crisis of confidence’. But in his theory the weight is given entirely to 'objective’ factors. He insisted that capitalists did not react solely, or mainly, to their expectations, but rather to the 'hard fact’ of realized profits; and he assumed the investment function to be relatively stable in the sense that investment will not fall or rise due to events with a very short life.” (Lopez and Mott, 1999, pp.293-294; boldface and underline added). The boldfaced and underlined sentences above are identical to the position that Tinbergen defended against Keynes in the Economic Journal in the period 1938-1940. Lopez and Mott (1999),as well as Mott (2009), appear to be completely unaware that their second paragraph would be an excellent summary of Tinbergen’s critique of Keynes that he made in 1940. It should not be as surprising, then, that Tinbergen and Kalecki, who are both Frequentists and both advocates of precise probability, have theories of investment completely different from Keynes’s theory, which is built on imprecise probability, inexact measurement, and approximation, which allows for evidence to be incorporated in probability assessments in the form of propositions that allows a decision maker to consider evidence which is infrequent and nonfrequent, as well as frequent, evidence as opposed to Kalecki and Tinbergen, where the only evidence allowed is relative (statistical) frequencies. Lopez and Mott (1999),as well as Mott (2009), are thus completely unaware that the basic, fundamental conflict between Tinbergen and Kalecki on the one hand, and Keynes on the other hand, is over the application of probability to conduct (decision making). Kalecki and Tinbergen are both frequentists, who believe in precise and exact, additive probability. Keynes is a logicist who, with George Boole, is the founder of the logical approach to logical theories of probability that are inexact, non additive and imprecise. Keynes’s explicit discussion of approximation and inexact measurement on pp.39-40 and pp.43-44 of the General Theory in chapter Four are taken directly from Part II of the A Treatise on Probability, 1921.

INVESTIGATION OF STUDENTS' COGNITIVE STRUCTURES AND CHANGES IN UNDERSTANDING ON THE TOPIC OF “INVENTIONS” USING WORD ASSOCIATION TESTS / KELIME İLIŞKILENDIRME TESTI ILE ‘’İCATLAR’’ KONUSUNA ILIŞKIN ÖĞRENCILERIN BILIŞSEL YAPILARININ VE KAVRAMSAL DEĞIŞIMLERININ İNCELENMESI

Word association tests, first used in the field of psychology to understand people's subconscious thoughts, began to be used in the field of education over time to determine the kind of connections students make between concepts, reveal misconceptions, and assess whether these connections are sufficient. In this study, word association tests were used as a pre-test and post-test to reveal students’ misconceptions, the kinds of connections they made between concepts, and to see whether these connections were sufficient or not. The study sample comprised 32 3rd grade students. A word association test prepared by the researcher was used as the data collection tool in the study. The word association test consisted of the words “invent,” “inventor,” “technology,” “need,” and “innovation.” The cut-off point technique was used to analyze the data of the word association test. The pre-test indicated that the students frequently talked about key concepts from daily life. It was observed that the students had some misconceptions. The post-test revealed that the involvement of students' responses to key concepts with the subject increased, and misconceptions were largely eliminated. Ilk olarak psikoloji alaninda, insanlarin bilincaltindaki dusuncelerini ortaya cikarma amaciyla kullanilan kelime iliskilendirme testleri zaman icinde egitim alaninda ogrencilerin kavramlar arasinda kurduklari baglantilari, bu baglantilarin yeterliligini ve kavram yanilgilarini belirlemek amaciyla kullanilmistir. Bu calismada da kelime iliskilendirme testleri ile on test ve son test olarak ogrencilerin kavramlar arasinda kurduklari baglantilarin, bu baglantilarin yeterliliginin ve kavram yanilgilarinin ortaya cikarilmasi amaclanmistir. Calismanin orneklemini otuz iki 3. sinif ogrencisi olusturmaktadir. Calismada veri toplama araci olarak arastirmaci tarafindan hazirlanan kelime iliskilendirme testi kullanilmistir. Kelime iliskilendirme testi “icat, mucit, teknoloji, ihtiyac, yenilik” kelimelerinden olusmaktadir. Kelime iliskilendirme testinin verilerini analiz etmek icin kesme noktasi teknigi kullanilmistir. Yapilan on test sonucunda ogrencilerin anahtar kavramlara yonelik olarak siklikla gunluk yasamdan yanitlar verdikleri belirlenmistir. Ayrica on test sonucunda ogrencilerin birtakim kavram yanilgilarina sahip olduklari ortaya cikmistir. Son test sonucunda ise ogrencilerin anahtar kavramlara verdikleri yanitlarin konu ile iliskisinin arttigi, kavram yanilgilarinin buyuk oranda ortadan kalktigi gozlenmistir. Article visualizations:

Museums and Shrines: Reflecting on Relationships and Challenges

The aim of this paper is to introduce an original method of analysis for a kind of contemporary tourism positioned between two different traditional tourist praxis, notably the visits to a museum and to a pilgrimage destination. The case studies provided are focused on the Italian museums of shrine, where it is difficult to ascertain who, among the visitors, can be considered cultural tourist, pilgrim, or both of them. Nonetheless, the tourist flows and networks created by the Italian museums of shrines can become interesting and promising key-elements of territorial development. Four case studies have been chosen among the Italian museums of shrine, all with some features in common: the shrines are dedicated to the Holy Virgin; the museums expose different types of objects; both the museums and the shrines are of little dimensions; they are representative of different Northern Italian regions. They are notably: the Shrine of the Madonna delle Grazie in Garessio (Piedmont), where the Historical Museum is deeply linked with the tradition of worship of the shrine itself; the Shrine Madonna del Bosco in Imbersago (Lombardy), where on the contrary the Shrine’s Museum is only slightly connected with the place of worship; the Shrine Madonna della Misericordia in Genoa (Liguria), the Speleological Museum of which has assumed the pivotal role of connecting different tourist aspects of the territory; and finally the Santuario delle Grazie in Rimini (Emilia Romagna), where the Missionary Museum is not of the same property of the shrine, raising interesting problems about the ownership of the museums of shrines. Each of these case studies is meaningful not only for the different ways in which a shrine and a museum can be connected, but also for the appeal that a religious site can have towards pilgrims or religious tourists or both. The method here illustrated makes possible to verify as well other kinds of connections between other institutions and other experiences of tourism, in order to develop precise actions to enhance elsewhere the tourist experience.

Analysis of the insertion force in a Fork-Pin contact

The aim of the paper is to determine the insertion force of the pin in to the fork in order to achieve the functionality of the contact Pin-Fork, respectively to simulate the behavior of the connection during the press in process, and to assess the stress and strain in the entire connection. This kind of connection is often used in the automotive industry, in order to always get a good connection, which will lead to a stable current transfer process. In conclusions, it was observed, that the average insertion force is 14.994 N. Based on the insertion curve analysis, it can be observed that the force reach the maximum value around 18 N, and after this is decreasing until the curve is stable to around 8 N. Based on FEA simulations, it was determined the stress and deformation in the assembly, the insertion force was approximately 14 N. FEA simulation was done only in the elastic domain. In conclusion, this kind of connection can be used for multiple plug-ins and plug-outs without to affect the proper functionality of the connection.

An evaluation of sustainability of Industry 4.0 aspects

The Industry 4.0 is known in the present development and improvement of the process and every part of the life related with the interconnection, technology and network that provides security, simplification of process and connection of almost everything based on the internet of things (IoT). This kind of connections and networks allow the industry to improve the processes, the 'things' can follow instructions given by internet of things and learn how to improve that processes making relations between the work or action realised with the ideal taking advantage of the big data analysis and give infinite possibilities to more efficient developments, connections, communications and a lot of options that the industry did not contemplate some years ago. In the present study, evaluation of various aspects of Industry 4.0 has been done and the evaluation of barriers to Industry 4.0 has also been done by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

Nasreen Munni KabirIn the Year of Sahir: 2021 Diary

BOOKS IN REVIEW Disappearance, The Eternal Return, and, finally, The Image. Canadian author Karoline Georges’s narrative plays out between reality and the image. Reminiscences and insecurities, disappointments and cruelties add flesh to Georges’s skeletal portrait in perfunctory prose. Her narrator learned about femininity from her grandfather’s pinups and her grandmother’s Hollywood stars, from I Dream of Jeannie, Wonder Woman, and Olivia Newton John. Jeannie and Wonder Woman are transformational: by spinning and blinking, they are reborn. Olivia Newton John is “a goddess . . . better still: a fictional character.” Even then, she was learning how to become Anouk. As a child, our narrator studied particular women’s transformational powers and recognized her capacity to blur reality and fiction. “That was my first career choice. Fictional character, body of light on a screen.” As an adult, she transforms her own reality and creates fiction; for work, she models and, in her off hours, becomes Anouk. “A career as a virtually static object was perfect for me . . . spending as much time as possible being passive, as if already I barely existed beyond the image.” The novel hinges on the theme of perception . Initially, the narrator perceives herself through others’ images: “I was learning to collect myself.” But becoming the photographer “creates a bridge between reality and fiction. Between life and death.” Her artistry reveals other means of transformation and preservation, but a family member’s illness challenges the limitations of her creativity nevertheless . With few personal relationships, this potential loss makes her yearn for “a whole truth that substituted for movements of the body, matter, time,” and digitization offers unconventional solutions. Thematic layers and resonance add complexity to this novel of ideas. Georges won the 2018 Governor General’s Award for French-Language Fiction for this novel, De synthèses; its English translator, Rhonda Mullins, previously won a Governor General’s Award in 2015 for translating Jocelyne Saucier’s Les héritiers de la mine. These are the kinds of connections that The Imago Stage’s narrator forges with Anouk: real but as much about separation as connection. The Imago Stage is flat, intensely orchestrated , and nearly lifeless: essentially and purposefully so. Marcie McCauley Toronto Nasreen Munni Kabir In the Year of Sahir: 2021 Diary Chennai, India. Westland. 2020. 144 pages. MUCH OF INDIA’S LITERARY and cinematic worlds are geared up to celebrate with considerable enthusiasm the birth centenary of Sahir Ludhianvi (Abdul Hayee; 1921–1980), “a colossus among film lyricists,” considered by many as one of the foremost Urdu poets of the twentieth century. As her contribution to these festivities , Nasreen Munni Kabir, the eminent scholar of Indian film, has published this elegantly designed, spiral-bound, diarylike collection of reminiscences of Sahir’s many prominent friends and colleagues, numerous, never-before-published photographs , brief, incisive essays, remarks, and intriguing personal bits and pieces of sahiriana . For example, the back cover shows Sahir’s actual diary for August 23–26, 1978, along with his entry for the 24th: “Kaifi / Dinner – Faiz,” presumably a meeting with poet Kaifi Azmi (1919–2002) and dinner with poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz (1911–1984). Akshay Manwani, author of Sahir Ludhianvi : The People’s Poet (2013)—the best biography of the poet in English—introduces the volume with a concise essay that charts the trajectory of Sahir’s poetry from its beginnings to its etiolation in the 1970s. The diary concludes with Kabir’s incisive and contextualizing essay “The Story behind Parchhaiyan and Shadow Speaks,” which introduces a reprint of novelist/film director K. A. Abbas’s long-out-of-print English translation of one of Sahir’s most famous (and lengthiest) poems, the antiwar Parchhaiyan (Shadows; 1955), a harrowing account of what two young lovers experience during the terror of World War II. It appears side by side with the original text in Urdu script. 112 WLT SPRING 2021 0 Sahir started writing poetry during his high school days and continued on into college, from which he was expelled for refusing to take his final exams as a political protest. He worked as a writer and subeditor of a number of major Urdu literary journals in Lahore, where he came in contact with young...

Виктимологическая характеристика современного хулиганства (по материалам Сибирского федерального округа)

The article presents an analysis of the victimological aspects of hooliganism committed in the Siberian Federal District for the period from 2015-2020. Among the results of the study, there is a low level of victimization from hooliganism in the SFO, while the rate of decline in this level is higher than in the Russian Federation. The characteristic of the personality of the victim of hooliganism is given. It was revealed that a typical victim of hooliganism is a relatively young man who is not married, who is in a state of intoxication at the time of the crime. Its moral and psychological characteristics allow us to speak about such a dominant type of victimization as victimogenic deformation of the personality. Despite the fact that the vast majority of victims were not familiar with the criminal, every fourth had some kind of connection with him, the main share of which is friendly and neighborly. Among the types of contributing behavior in a situation of committing hooliganism, the imprudent behavior of the victim is distinguished, as a rule, giving a minor reason for the decision to commit a crime. The consequences of hooliganism for the victim are mainly associated with causing him moral harm, property harm was caused in every fifth case studied; physical harm is not widespread (6%). The main victimogenic factors determining victimization from hooliganism are analyzed. About the Authors

The frame assembled from «H» elements

The general characteristics of the structural system of a full-assembly frame of "H" elements for the construction of residential buildings are described. "H" element is a hybrid of two columns, each is one storey high, join to monolith with the joist. The junction of the columns is located in the middle of the floor height. These elements are assembled to structural cells with longitudinal, transverse or cross-arrangement of bearing frames. Joints of columns with joist are rigid. The overall spatial stability of the frame is provided by the layout of the frame elements, as well as the use of various kinds of connections. Slabs are prefabricated. Connections of "H" elements are made by the ties with the use of screw reinforcing bars.

The ethical and epistemic roles of narrative in person-centred healthcare

Positive claims about narrative approaches to healthcare suggest they could have many benefits, including supporting person-centred healthcare (PCH). Narrative approaches have also been criticised, however, on both theoretical and practical grounds. In this paper we draw on epistemological work on narrative and knowledge to develop a conception of narrative that responds to these concerns. We make a case for understanding narratives as accounts of events in which the way each event is described as influenced by the ways other events in the narrative are described. This view of narratives recognises that they can contribute knowledge of different kinds of connections between events: not just causal, and not just of patient’s perspectives. Additionally, narratives can add further epistemic value by suggesting potentially useful lines of inquiry. We take narrative approaches to healthcare to include clinicians considering both patients’ informational offerings and their own professional understandings as narratives. On this understanding, our account is able to overcome the major theoretical and practical criticisms that have been levelled against the use of narrative approaches in healthcare, and can help to explain why and how narrative approaches are consistent with PCH.

Embryo Recipients’ Considerations of Connections with Donors

This study phenomenologically explored 36 embryo adoption couples’ experience of choosing a donor and considering what kind of connection, if any, they wished to have with the donor. Thirty-six embryo recipient couples from across the United States participated in a 60 to 90-minute semi-structured interview where they described how they chose the donor family and their thoughts about connections with the donating family. Qualitative analyses of interview data revealed three themes: Choosing the Donor Family, Choosing Open/Semi-open/Closed adoption, and Contact with the Donating Family. Resulting themes are discussed in light of the limited existing literature on embryo donors and recipients.

Comparative Study on Mechanical Behavior of Bamboo-Concrete Connections and Wood-Concrete Connections

To investigate the similarities and differences of mechanical behavior between the bamboo-concrete connections and the wood-concrete connections, thirty-six specimens were tested through push-out tests with the material type (bamboo or wood), concrete strength and dowel diameter as test parameters. In addition to the linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT), the digital image correlation (DIC) was also used to obtain the slip distribution of the whole field of the specimens, which was conducive to the further detailed analysis of the slip distribution and a comprehensive understanding of the load-slip relationship. The results showed that the failure modes of the bamboo-concrete connections were similar to that of the wood-concrete connections, such as the concrete failure near the joint and the dowels bending in different degrees. The load-slip curves of the two kinds of connections were similar, which could be summarized as the elastic section, strengthening section and descending section. The shear stiffness and capacity of bamboo-concrete connections were higher than that of wood-concrete connections, and the shear capacity increased with the increase of dowel diameter and concrete strength. The slip distribution of the left and right sides of the specimen was basically identical. The load-transfer performance of the dowel was excellent. Finally, the prediction method of shear capacity and load-slip curve model of composite connections were proposed and verified to be effective.

Seismic Behavior of Steel Column Base with Slip-Friction Connections.

Traditional rigid column base connections are damaged to different degrees after an earthquake and the damage is generally nonrecoverable. Thus, the cost of repairing or dismantling is quite high. A new type of slip-friction column base connection is proposed in this paper, which aims to replace the yielding energy dissipation of the traditional column base connection by the sliding friction energy dissipation between the arc endplates, thus achieving the design objective of damage-free energy dissipation. Finite element simulation was conducted to study the hysteretic performance of the proposed connections considering different axial compression ratios. The research indicates that both kinds of the proposed connections show good energy dissipation behavior and the increase of axial compression force can increase the energy dissipation ability. It also shows that the two kinds of connections can achieve the objective of damage-free energy dissipation. For the proposed connection, future research is still needed such as corresponding tests in the laboratory, the effect of the connection on the whole structure, and the re-centering systems for the connections.

Colonial Justice and the Jews of Venetian Crete. By Rena N. Lauer (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019) 292 pp. $69.95

<i>Colonial Justice and the Jews of Venetian Crete</i>. By Rena N. Lauer (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019) 292 pp. $69.95