Kinds Of Conditions Research Articles

MASALAH YANG DIHADAPI MAHASISWA PSTM UM KONSENTRASI TARI PADA MATA KULIAH TARI BALI DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19

The learning process is currently carried out with online media because during this pandemic by the government is encouraged to reduce being in crowded places. This kind of learning process is done at home to break the chain of spread of COVID-19. With this increasingly advanced technology, it can be used as a medium in the learning process. However, there are also shortcomings with this kind of learning model. Most of the students prefer to learn online, especially if they get balinese dance practice materials. Because it will be very effective and understandable material rather than learning online. In addition, there are perceived complaints that more and more tasks while studying online. But not a few also among students, who like to learn through online because learning like this is quite practical and fun. This kind of condition is felt by students of the Dance and Music Arts Education Program of Malang State University in the vocational courses of Balinese Dance.

Vibrio vulnificus-Induced Necrotizing Fasciitis Complicated by Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection: Efficacy of Chemical Necrectomy Using 40% Benzoic Acid.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening skin and soft tissue infection associated with high morbidity and mortality in adult patients. This infection can present as either type 1 infection caused by a mixed microflora (Streptococci, Enterobacteriacae, Bacteroides sp., and Peptostreptococcus sp.), most commonly developing in patients after surgery or in diabetic patients, or as type 2. The latter type is monomicrobial and, usually, caused by group A Streptococci. Rarely, this type can be also caused by other pathogens, such as Vibrio vulnificus. V vulnificus is a small mobile Gram-negative rod capable of causing 3 types of infections in humans-gastroenteritis, primary infection of the vascular bed, and wound infections. If infecting a wound, V vulnificus can cause a life-threatening condition-necrotizing fasciitis. We present a rare case of necrotizing fasciitis developing after an insect bite followed by exposure to the seawater. Rapid propagation of the infectious complication in the region of the right lower limb led to a serious consideration of the necessity of amputation. Due to the clearly demarcated necroses and secondary skin and soft tissue infection caused by a multiresistant strain of Acinetobacter baumannii, we, however, resorted to the use of selective chemical necrectomy using 40% benzoic acid-a unique application in this kind of condition. The chemical necrectomy was successful, relatively gentle and thanks to its selectivity, vital parts of the limb remained preserved and could have been subsequently salvaged at minimum blood loss. Moreover, the antimicrobial effect of benzoic acid led to rapid decolonization of the necrosis and wound bed preparation, which allowed us to perform defect closure using split-thickness skin grafts. The patient subsequently healed without further complications and returned to normal life.

Oil content determination on sunflower seeds in drought conditions

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important oil crops in the world and mostly produces oil. Due to the global warming and unexpected climatic changes especially extreme heat and droughts in recent years, as a spring crop sunflower affects severely by these climatic conditions in the vegetation period and loses seed yield hardly. Plant breeding longer process taking at least ten years to develop cultivars. Therefore, sunflower breeders should consider future climatic conditions, hence it seems that drought tolerance should consider primarily in their breeding programs. Oil content is the most important trait in sunflower than the major goal in the breeding studies; likewise, it is the most affected yield trait in sunflower from drought conditions. The study was conducted to determine the oil contents from drought some inbred lines and their hybrids developed lately in National Sunflower Project conducting by Trakya Agriculture Research Institute (TARI). Based on the study results; the significant relationships were observed between oil content and other yield traits in drought conditions. Oil content of male lines exhibited more variability than female lines changed as 13.16%–54.05% male lines and 19.12%–52.46% in female lines, and 30.17%–53.68% in the hybrids. While oil content of inbred lines affected negatively mostly from thousand seed weight and head diameter, leaf number, leaf area, and seed yield followed this trait, respectively. Based on path analysis for the contribution of yield traits on determining of oil content; it determined that seed and oil yield were the most directly affected traits then followed by oil yield in sunflower inbred lines in a negative way, and other yield traits mostly affected oil content determination in drought stress conditions over these two traits. The seed and oil yield, leaf area, and thousand seed weight reduced about over 90% in the drought in inbred lines. Severe droughts resulted heavy decreases in sunflower oil content as well as in the seed and oil yield and other yield traits so no need to focus on increasing oil contents over 40%–43% and it should be sacrified from this trait in that kind of conditions. The sunflower hybrid evaluations in three different locations mentioned that thousand seed weight, seed yield, and leaf area as well as leaf number are the most important yield traits affecting positively of oil content determination in drought stress conditions. Practical applications Sunflower is commonly influenced by the environmental conditions, such as hot temperatures and drought as being a spring growing crop. These environmental stresses mostly appear during mid-summer then sunflower suffers from these stressess resulting of seed and oil yield losses with lower oil content. Especially the stress in the grain filling period results in lower oil content in the sunflower growing season. The study results mentioned that sunflower breeders should consider more male inbred lines to develop better oil content hybrids for drought stress. Furthermore, thousand seed weight is also the most important seed characteristics other than seed and oil yield for consisting of oil content in sunflower. Therefore, we have to focus on developing higher seed yield instead of higher oil content because sunflower sacrifice from seed yield to give higher oil content over 40%–43% during the stress conditions.

Multiple reference frame-based current harmonic control for interior PMSMs considering motional EMF

For permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), current harmonics need to be controlled under two kinds of conditions. Under the first condition, the current harmonics caused by the non-sinusoidal back-electromotive force (EMF) and the dead time of inverters should be suppressed. Under the second condition, specific current harmonics should be injected to suppress the torque ripple of motors. Therefore, the accurate control of current harmonics is critical. It has been found that the original multiple reference frame (MRF)-based control algorithm cannot effectively achieve the control of current harmonics at high speeds. For the currents in MRFs, motional EMF was dominant rather than induced EMF at higher speeds. As a result, the original MRF-based control algorithm does not work at high speeds. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a novel MRF-based control algorithm that considers motional EMF. Furthermore, this paper achieved decoupling control of the current harmonics in MRFs for interior PMSMs. With the proposed control algorithm, the current harmonics of interior PMSMs can be controlled at both high and low speeds. Under the influence of non-sinusoidal back EMF and the dead time of the inverter, the effect of current harmonic control was verified on a laboratory test bench.

Effectiveness of Propolis in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease: Updated Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

In recent times, the use of natural products has gained momentum, either as a treatment or as adjuvants for other drugs in the treatment of different conditions. Propolis is a natural substance produced by bees which has proven useful for treating periodontal disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis gather evidence of the effectiveness of propolis in this kind of condition. The MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched for scientific articles to identify the findings published up to October 2020. The MeSH phrases used in the search were: “periodontal diseases AND propolis treatment”; “gingivitis AND propolis treatment”; “periodontitis AND propolis treatment”; “propolis treatment AND oral health”; “propolis AND oxidative stress AND periodontitis”. The Boolean operator “AND” was used to combine the searches. Randomized trials where propolis was used in the treatment of different periodontal conditions were included. Non-randomized clinical studies were systematically reviewed and 224 studies were detected, eight of which met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Only three of these were selected for quantitative synthesis. In conclusion, propolis is safe to use and can improve the results of periodontal disease treatment, reducing probing pocket depth compared with treatment with a placebo (difference in means, fixed effects −0.67 [95% CI: −0.84, −0.50]).

Conditional Expectile: An Alternative to Value at Risk (VaR)

Various risk measures have been reviewed against the criteria commonly accepted by financial researchers and practitioners: coherence, elicitability, comonotonic additivity, and intuitiveness. It follows that the only risk measure that is both coherent and elicitable is an Expectile based risk measure. But unlike the VaR measure, the Expectile does not meet the criterion of comonotonic additivity. Taking this result into account, this paper proposes Expectile conditioned by a VaR as a risk measure. Then, the principle of elicitability has been used to perform backtesting and comparative analysis of the performance of the new measure versus VaR and Expectile. Two kinds of conditioning have been retained, Expectile conditioned to a predictive VaR (CEVaR) and Expectile conditioned to a realized VaR (CRVaR) as alternative risk measures. The Monte Carlo simulation and historical simulation methods were implemented to assess the validity of the two risk measures CEVaR and CRVaR. The evaluation was carried out in terms of: - Precision: for this purpose, the backtesting functions associated with the risk measures have been used; - Sub-additivity and comonotonic additivity. The simulations showed that the CRVaR and CEVaR measures are more accurate than the Expectile and VaR measures but CEVaR is not stable when the historical simulation method is used. A numerical assessment of sub-additivity and comonotonic additivity showed that CRVaR is sub-additive while CEVAR is not and both are not comonotonic additive. Nevertheless, we could conclude that CRVAR is a valid alternative to VaR as it’s coherent and outperforms Expetile in terms of accuracy.

Quantitative photoacoustic estimates of intervascular blood oxygenation differences using linear unmixing

The linear unmixing technique is an appealing method for estimating blood oxygen saturation (sO2) from multiwavelength photoacoustic tomography images, as estimates can be acquired with a straightforward matrix inversion. However, the technique can only rarely provide accurate estimates in vivo, as it requires that the light fluence at the voxels of interest is constant with wavelength. One way to extend the set of cases where accurate information related to sO2 can be acquired with the technique is by taking the difference in sO2 estimates between vessels. Assuming images are perfectly reconstructed, the intervascular difference in sO2 estimates is accurate if the error in the estimates due to the wavelength dependence of the fluence is identical for both. An in silico study was performed to uncover what kinds of conditions may give rise to accurate sO2 differences for a vessel pair. Basic criteria were formulated in simple tissue models consisting of a pair of vessels immersed in two-layer skin models. To assess whether these criteria might still be valid in more realistic imaging scenarios, the sO2 difference was estimated for vessels in more complex tissue models.

Research on comprehensive evaluation of six “properties” for equipment products incorporating correlate indexes

The six “properties” for equipment products are critical indexes to improve the quality of equipment development and batch production. In view of current difficulties of auditing six “properties” and putting qualitative or quantitative evaluation into practices, this paper analyses interactive characteristics of six “properties” and organically integrates them based on the VIKOR method. Firstly, the indexes and connotation of six “properties” for equipment products have been elaborated. Secondly, specific relationship among six “properties” is analysed and their interactive coefficients are depicted as two additive fuzzy measures. Thirdly, the effect of interactive coefficient among six “properties” is analysed on group utility and individual regret in the VIKOR method, and specific decision-making steps based on the VIKOR method are also proposed. Finally, two illustrative cases show the differences of multiple indexes decision results under two kinds of conditions and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.

One-sided duo property on nilpotents

We study the structure of nilpotents in relation with a ring property that is near to one-sided duo rings. Such a property is said to be one-sided nilpotent-duo. We prove the following for a one-sided nilpotent-duo ring $R$: (i) The set of nilpotents in $R$ forms a subring; (ii) Köthe's conjecture holds for $R$; (iii) the subring generated by the identity and the set of nilpotents in $R$ is a one-sided duo ring; (iv) if the polynomial ring $R[x]$ over $R$ is one-sided nilpotent-duo then the set of nilpotents in $R$ forms a commutative ring, and $R[x]$ is an NI ring. Several connections between one-sided nilpotent-duo and one-sided duo are given. The structure of one-sided nilpotent-duo rings is also studied in various situations in ring theory. Especially we investigate several kinds of conditions under which one-sided nilpotent-duo rings are NI.

‘Discuss it with your legal guardian’: Challenges in practising care for young unaccompanied refugee minors

AbstractHow is care arranged for unaccompanied refugee minors at residential care institutions, and what kind of conditions do these arrangements constitute for young persons' well‐being and development? Informed by developmental perspectives that consider young people's development through participation across contexts in everyday life and by research into how parents in ‘ordinary’ families organize care, we developed a study based on interviews with 15 unaccompanied refugee minors and their professional caregivers at residential care institutions. The interviews were analysed systematically by exploring how care is arranged between professionals and its implications in the young persons' lives. The results elucidate how responsibility for following up and making sense of central issues in the lives of the minors was allocated to professionals outside the daily care rather than being part of the primary caregivers' contact with the minors. This practice contrasts with what young persons in ‘ordinary families’ in Norway enjoy, where coordination across contexts and keeping an overview of the total care are considered the responsibility of parents. The article focuses on the outsourcing of what we call refugee‐related legal issues in the minors' everyday lives, to the legal guardians, which appeared to be a barrier to being understood and supported.

Investigation on GH Modulus of Linear Elastic Glucose Behavior with two Diabetes Patients’ Data using GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine, Part 2 (No. 349)

This article is an extended research on the linear elasticity of glucose with the author’s defined GH-modulus or M2 cited in Reference 7 (Part 1 or his paper no. 346). The main purpose of this study is twofold. First, it is to study the biomedical meaning of the GH modulus which depends on a patient’s severity of type 2 diabetes (T2D) over a period of time. Second, it is to discover when its linear elastic features would appear, under what kind of conditions, and which easier path for patients to utilize this for their daily glucose control. Here is the simple linear formula previously defined in References 2, 3, and 4 for predicting the postprandial plasma glucose (PPG): Predicted PPG= (FPG* 0.97) + (carbs/sugar intake grams * M2) - (post-meal waking K-steps * 5) In Reference 7 (paper No. 346), the author connected the biomedical glucose prediction equation with a basic concept of stress and strain in engineering, along with the Young’s modulus of engineering strength of materials. Using his collected 11,580 data of glucose, food, and exercise, he has demonstrated that a “pseudo-linear” relationship existing between the carbs/sugar intake amount which is similar to the “stress” part on the engineering system; and the incremental PPG amount which is similar to the “strain” part of the engineering system. A newly defined coefficient of “GH-modulus” (the M2 multiplier for carbs/sugar intake amount) is remarkably similar to the role of Young’s modules on relating stress and strain on the subject of engineering strength of materials. During his “better controlled” period of diabetes from 7/1/2015 to 10/13/2020, his average PPG is 116 mg/dL which is below 120 mg/dL and located within the normal range from diabetes concerns. Only within this “better-controlled” glucose range, the relationship between carbs/sugar intake and incremental PPG would then be “linear” or “pseudo-linear”. Otherwise, for severe T2D patients who has elevated PPG level above 180 mg/dL (hyperglycemia) most of the time and then suddenly decreased to below 70 mg/dL (hypoglycemia or insulin shock), the relationship between food and PPG would then follow a nonlinear plastic pattern where the defined linear relationship would not be applicable. By 2019, approximately 6% of worldwide population (or 463 million people) have diabetes. Although he believes that his linear elastic glucose behavior of GH modulus is only applicable for patient’s glucose levels below 180 mg/ dL and above 70 mg/dL, but it is already a wide enough range for lots of diabetes patients to use. In regard to nonlinear plastic zone, more hyperglycemic cases and associated data are required to collect and then conduct a further complex analysis. At least, this linear elastic glucose behavior is the first stage of getting sufficient information to move further into a more complicated nonlinear plastic glucose zone. Based on two diabetes patients’ data, for either fixed M2 or variable M2 values, a linear relationship between carbs/ sugar intake amount and incremental PPG amount have been observed. This defined GH-modulus (i.e. M2 value) is easier to be applied over a reasonable long period, for example, either 3 months or 4 months in order to match with the lab-tested HbA1C value. Since blood and liver cells are organic material, the GH-modulus changes according to the severity of a patient’s diabetes conditions. However, the author would like to recommend using a fixed GH-modules or M2 value within a period of 3 to 4 months due to the simplicity of calculation and practical usage. The author has spent four decades as a practical engineer, but he does understand the importance of basic concepts, sophisticated theories, and practical equations which serve as the necessary background of all kinds of applications. Therefore, he focused his time and energy to investigate glucose related subjects using a variety of methods he learned in the past, including this particularly interesting stress-strain approach. In addition, he understood the importance and urgency in helping diabetes patients to control their glucoses. That is why, over the past few years, he has continuously simplified his findings regarding diabetes and derived more useful formulas or practical tools in meeting the general public’s interest on controlling chronic diseases and their complications to reduce pain and death probability.

Investigation on GH Modulus of Linear Elastic Glucose Behavior with two Diabetes Patients’ Data using GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine, Part 2 (No. 349)

This article is an extended research on the linear elasticity of glucose with the author’s defined GH-modulus or M2 cited in Reference 7 (Part 1 or his paper no. 346). The main purpose of this study is twofold. First, it is to study the biomedical meaning of the GH modulus which depends on a patient’s severity of type 2 diabetes (T2D) over a period of time. Second, it is to discover when its linear elastic features would appear, under what kind of conditions, and which easier path for patients to utilize this for their daily glucose control. Here is the simple linear formula previously defined in References 2, 3, and 4 for predicting the postprandial plasma glucose (PPG): Predicted PPG= (FPG* 0.97) + (carbs/sugar intake grams * M2) - (post-meal waking K-steps * 5) In Reference 7 (paper No. 346), the author connected the biomedical glucose prediction equation with a basic concept of stress and strain in engineering, along with the Young’s modulus of engineering strength of materials. Using his collected 11,580 data of glucose, food, and exercise, he has demonstrated that a “pseudo-linear” relationship existing between the carbs/sugar intake amount which is similar to the “stress” part on the engineering system; and the incremental PPG amount which is similar to the “strain” part of the engineering system. A newly defined coefficient of “GH-modulus” (the M2 multiplier for carbs/sugar intake amount) is remarkably similar to the role of Young’s modules on relating stress and strain on the subject of engineering strength of materials. During his “better controlled” period of diabetes from 7/1/2015 to 10/13/2020, his average PPG is 116 mg/dL which is below 120 mg/dL and located within the normal range from diabetes concerns. Only within this “better-controlled” glucose range, the relationship between carbs/sugar intake and incremental PPG would then be “linear” or “pseudo-linear”. Otherwise, for severe T2D patients who has elevated PPG level above 180 mg/dL (hyperglycemia) most of the time and then suddenly decreased to below 70 mg/dL (hypoglycemia or insulin shock), the relationship between food and PPG would then follow a nonlinear plastic pattern where the defined linear relationship would not be applicable. By 2019, approximately 6% of worldwide population (or 463 million people) have diabetes. Although he believes that his linear elastic glucose behavior of GH modulus is only applicable for patient’s glucose levels below 180 mg/ dL and above 70 mg/dL, but it is already a wide enough range for lots of diabetes patients to use. In regard to nonlinear plastic zone, more hyperglycemic cases and associated data are required to collect and then conduct a further complex analysis. At least, this linear elastic glucose behavior is the first stage of getting sufficient information to move further into a more complicated nonlinear plastic glucose zone. Based on two diabetes patients’ data, for either fixed M2 or variable M2 values, a linear relationship between carbs/ sugar intake amount and incremental PPG amount have been observed. This defined GH-modulus (i.e. M2 value) is easier to be applied over a reasonable long period, for example, either 3 months or 4 months in order to match with the lab-tested HbA1C value. Since blood and liver cells are organic material, the GH-modulus changes according to the severity of a patient’s diabetes conditions. However, the author would like to recommend using a fixed GH-modules or M2 value within a period of 3 to 4 months due to the simplicity of calculation and practical usage.The author has spent four decades as a practical engineer, but he does understand the importance of basic concepts, sophisticated theories, and practical equations which serve as the necessary background of all kinds of applications. Therefore, he focused his time and energy to investigate glucose related subjects using a variety of methods he learned in the past, including this particularly interesting stress-strain approach. In addition, he understood the importance and urgency in helping diabetes patients to control their glucoses. That is why, over the past few years, he has continuously simplified his findings regarding diabetes and derived more useful formulas or practical tools in meeting the general public’s interest on controlling chronic diseases and their complications to reduce pain and death probability.

Delaktighet i praktiken: söndagens huvudgudstjänst som utmaning och möjlighet

he aim of the following article is to analyze how employees in Asarums pastorate perceive that different aspects of inclusion in the Church of Sweden worship services are challenged, shaped and changed as a consequence of a two year project with the purpose of increasing people’s inclusion. The theoretical understanding of inclusion is theoretically understood as a consequence of different and cooperative aspects. The jointly defined activity is at the center of inclusion in the church service. The context and questions of power are a kind of condition. Of importance for people's participation are also formal as well as informal inclusion, interaction, safety, autonomy, commitment, and identification.The result shows that the employees describe how several aspects have deepened during the project while others are perceived to be difficult to influence at all. Changes are primarily described among the employees themselves and not in the larger congregational context. Inclusion among the employees in the church service was far from obvious when the project started and came to require their time as well as commitment to an extent that could not be foreseen

Exploring the Efficiency of Digital Running Devices on Habitual Running: A Mixed Methods Study

This study seeks to answer whether digital devices influence habitual running and explores the kinds of conditions in which these devices are effective, as well as the underlying reasons. A mixed methods approach was used to collect and analyze the data. The quantitative research investigated the moderating effect of digital running device usage on the relationship between running involvement and commitment. A qualitative study was conducted to better understand the results of the quantitative research. This study found that both recording and SNS participation functions take effect, depending on how they are used and by whom. The interaction between digital running devices and runners is complex and even contradictory. The results provide greater understanding about the impact of digital technology in leisure and extend previous studies in serious leisure research.

An Analysis of the Impact of Workload towards the Risk of Fatigue Level on PT KCI Machinists

The operation of railway transportation especially the electric train (KRL) on PT KCI still uses GOA 0 (grade of automation). This means that this facility is manually controlled by the machinist. This kind of condition will affect the fatigue caused by the received workloads. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an influence of workload on the risk of fatigue and its level on PT KCI machinists, to minimize the risks from the workload by using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) method to measure workload. The measurement of work fatigue uses the Subjective Self Rating Test (SSRT). Based on the 101 respondents' proceeded data, there is an influence of variable X (workload) on variable Y (work fatigue) with a value of 13.8% while the rest is influenced by other variables not under research. The value was obtained from a simple linear regression analysis process using the coefficient of determination test.

Thermal characterization of polyethersulfone composites filled with self lubricants

As of late, a lot of research has been performed on the thermal degradation of polymer matrix composites since this is a significant issue in the utilization of thermoplastic and thermoset polymers in various kinds of conditions that are exposed to temperature changes. These composite systems performance under various temperatures is a significant boundary to be considered on the grounds that it can, in many cases, decide the upper bound on the temperatures at which a material has reasonable properties. Relative motion between the two contact bodies always results in progressive loss of material from the less hardened surface by various modes of wear. Generally, Normal load establishing the contact, relative velocity, sliding distance and hardness of materials decide the amount of wear. In addition to these, temperature which arises due to friction at the interface of the contact surfaces significantly controls the wear. In order to consider the effect of contact temperature on the adhesive wear of polymeric composites, thermal parameters such as thermal conductivity, diffusivity and heat capacity are required. Therefore, in this work, the abovementioned thermal parameters were determined by flash method for short carbon fiber (SCF) reinforced polyethersulfone (PES) composites filled with two well known self lubricating materials, namely, potassium titanate whisker (PTW) and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Thermal conductivity of SCF reinforced and PTW filled PES composites were improved whereas UHMWPE filled composites showed no significant change in their conductivity. In addition, numerical simulation was performed using the experimental results in Abaqus package. Simulated results were found aligned with experimentation results.

Haloperidol-based conditioned increase in locomotor activity is disrupted by latent inhibition and extended interstimulus interval

Previous research have shown that repeated administration of 0.5 mg/kg of haloperidol in a given context gives rise to an increase in activity when spontaneous locomotor activity is recorded in a drug-free test conducted in such context. In order to confirm whether this type of response is based on processes of a Pavlovian nature, we conducted two experiments involving two manipulations that disrupt conditioning in typical classical conditioning procedures: preexposure of the to-be-conditioned stimulus (latent inhibition), and an increase in the length of the inter-stimulus interval. The results revealed that both manipulations were effective in reducing the conditioned increase of the locomotor response. This kind of conditioning can be explained in terms of the differential effects of low vs. high doses of haloperidol, and the temporal dynamics of conditioned response.

The influence of chronotopes on pre-service teachers’ professional becoming in a school–university partnership

ABSTRACT This article explores the influence of chronotopes on pre-service teachers’ professional becoming in a school–university partnership model. It draws upon dialogue from professional conversations which included multiple stakeholders in the partnership. The results illustrate the complex process of becoming for pre-service teachers as they navigate voices across time and space. They provide an illustration of chronotopes interacting productively, providing support for pre-service growth, and chronotopes in tension, leading to the silencing of pre-service teacher voice. It is hoped this article encourages educators to reflect on the impact chronotopes can have on pre-service teachers’ professional growth, the kinds of conditions that support growth and increased agency, and the ways chronoptic interactions can impact the development of transformative hybrid models of Initial Teacher Education.

Experimental Study on Characteristics of Seismic Damage and Damping Technology of Absorbing Joint of Tunnel Crossing Interface of Soft and Hard Rock

It has generally been believed that the serious seismic damage of tunnel mainly occurred in portal section and fault dislocation zone. However, the survey of seismic damage showed that the seismic damage of tunnel also mainly occurred in geological section at interface of soft and hard rock. Currently, merely scholars have made some research studies on characteristics of seismic damage and damping technology of tunnel crossing the vertical interface between soft and hard rock in high intensity area, and the mechanism of seismic damage has not been clearly revealed. Therefore, based on the Urumqi Metro Tunnel project in China, a three-dimensional six-degree-of-freedom shaking table model test was carried out. Through comparative analysis of peak ground acceleration (PGA), displacement difference at the interface between soft and hard rock, and structural safety factor under 5 kinds of conditions, the seismic damage characteristics of tunnel crossing interface of soft and hard rock were revealed, and a new damping technology of absorbing joint was proposed. The following findings can be drawn. (1) The seismic damage of tunnel is mainly affected by stratum inertial force under the homogeneous stratum of soft rock. The seismic damage of tunnel is mainly caused by the forced displacement (the displacement difference between the two sides of interface of soft and hard rock), followed by stratum inertial force under the geological condition of interface between soft and hard rock. (2) The conventional type of absorbing joint (only the second lining is set with absorbing joint) is used in tunnel lining structure, and the damping ratios of principal tensile stress, bending moment, and axial force of lining are above 47.5%, 40.7%, and 72.7%, respectively. Compared with conventional type of absorbing joint, the damping effect of new type of absorbing joint (staggered absorbing joints of primary support and secondary lining) is 19.9% higher than that of conventional type. (3) The new type of absorbing joint is recommended for tunnel crossing interface section of soft and hard rock. The specific implementation suggestions are as follows: the setting interval of second lining absorbing joint is the same as the length of lining formwork trolley, and the interval of primary support absorbing joint can be set according to excavation footage length. The filling materials in second lining absorbing joint can be shared with the rubber waterstop set in construction joint, and the primary support absorbing joint can be realized by injecting mixtures of rubber particles and shotcrete.

BIROKRASI BARU UNTUK NEW NORMAL: TINJAUAN MODEL PERUBAHAN BIROKRASI DALAM PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI ERA COVID-19

The pandemic Covid-19 that struck Indonesia has given a new order in bureaucracy and changes in work patterns. This kind of condition is faced with bureaucracy to make changes to new normal. This study uses qualitative descriptive methods, with the type of literature research. The results of this study found that there were two dimensions of bureaucracy change, which is the change dimensions of bureaucratic institutions and changes in work system dimensions. In the dimension of bureaucratic institution change occurs over normal disruption in this case Covid-19 requires organizations to make changes to new normal. Where the bureaucracy in organizing public services prioritizes health protocols. While in the dimension of work system there are two options, namely working at home and still working in the office but still pay attention to the health protocol. The condition of Covid-19 has resulted in many innovations in public services based on electronics, so it is necessary to strengthen quality and innovative HR ASN, as well as infrastructure development support. The implications of this research that the success of bureaucracy change are heavily influenced by leadership factors. Leaders who have personality, visionaries, and the sense of power are able to deal with changes in the organization.