Kinds Of Complement Research Articles

Shaping pro-engineering attitudes of young people – research results

Research background: For many years, the authors have been dealing with the issues of student inventiveness and the related innovation and creativity. The presented work refers to the sources, understood as shaping the pro-engineering attitudes of young people, which in effect translates into the creation of new, often innovative solutions in the field of technology. Purpose: The aim of the research is to identify activities related to knowledge in the field of science and technology during the period of attendance at secondary school. These activities include knowledge and skills acquired at school and other relationships between young people and science and technology resulting from passions and passions. An additional goal is to indicate proposals for development in this area, mainly concerning the teaching process. Methodology: The source of data for the conducted analyses are the results of surveys conducted in 2021. The analysis of the acquired data was carried out using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. The AHP method, by incorporating expert opinions, allows you to achieve an additional goal. This is an original approach to the analysis and interpretation of survey results. It will not replace classical statistical analyses of varying complexity, but it can be a kind of complement. Findings: The implementation of the research indicated a significant interest of young people in the issues of science and technology, and the obtained data allowed to take a comprehensive look at the education of young people in this area and present suggestions for the modification of teaching forms. This may contribute to reducing the shortage of engineering staff and researchers creating new innovative solutions in many countries. This will be an important factor in economic development based on innovative technologies. Keywords: Youth education, science and technology, survey research, innovative solutions, AHP method. Category of the paper: research paper.

Režimy správního práva

The administrative law regime means a typical legal construction, which expresses the way of connecting an administrative law norm with this norm anticipated administrative law relationship through a certain legally significant fact. From the point of view of public administration addressees, it is appropriate to differ regimes of granting rights and regimes of imposing obligations primarily. Many regimes have a superstructure (secondary) nature, they assume the earlier existence of other (primary) rights and obligations. In addition to unilateral regimes, there are also bilateral or multilateral regimes of administrative law, which are an expression of cooperation in connection with the performance of public administration. From the point of view of public administration bodies, it is possible to distinguish several (administrative) regimes of exercise of their competence (powers). A kind of complement is the regimes that determine the boundaries of administrative regulation (between public law and civil law; between national law and European law). The application of some regimes or their combination typically results in the general administrative law concepts (= the tangles of administrative law norms cemented by the need and effort to solve certain idealized situations, deprived of their specific content). The research of administrative law regimes may perhaps contribute to a more plastic and systematic doctrinal characterization of material administrative law.

Некоторые особенности преподавания китайского языка русским студентам. Дополнение, выраженное глагольным счетным словом

The problem of verb-classifier complement in teaching Chinese as a foreign language is very difficult to solve. Its difficulty of learning is that the Chinese complement itself is very complex. This paper studies the main grammatical features of this kind of complement, provides an analysis of possible mistakes and reasons when using it, and the tactics of teaching the complement in Chinese as a foreign language classes, as well as a lot of examples.

Polarity sensitivity of question embedding: experimental evidence

Attitude predicates can be classified by the kinds of complements they can embed: declaratives, interrogatives or both. However, several authors have claimed that predicates like be certain can only embed interrogatives in specific environments. According to Mayr, these are exactly the environments that license negative polarity items (NPIs). In his analysis, both NPIs and embedded interrogatives are licensed by the same semantic strengthening procedure. If this is right, one would expect a correlation between acceptability of be certain whether and NPIs. The analysis also predicts a contrast between antecedents vs. consequents of conditionals and restrictors vs. scopes of universal quantifiers. This paper tests these predictions experimentally through an acceptability judgment task. We find that judgments for be certain whether do not correlate with judgments on NPIs, which suggests that be certain whether and NPIs are in fact licensed by different mechanisms.

STUDY AND IDENTIFY THE SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF THE DEFECTIVE VERB (BÖN)

In Kurdish, the defective verb (bon)(بون) which means(to become) is similar in form to the defective verb(bon)(بون) which means(to be). Both verbs are derived from the same root. This topic, particularly in Bahdinani Kurdish, has never been investigated yet. Thus, this research tries to study and identify the syntactic features of the defective verb (to become) depending on analyzing the behaviour of this verb in its different forms and kinds of complements used with verb. At the end of the research, it has been concluded that the verb (bon-to become) has all forms and tenses and the position of the complement (before or after the verb) affects its meaning changes with some complement.

What's wrong with believing whether

It is a long-standing puzzle why verbs like believe and think take declarative but not interrogative complements (e.g., *Bill believes whether Mary left), while closely related verbs like know and be certain take both kinds of complements. We show that this contrast can be derived from the fact that believe and think, unlike know and be certain, are neg-raising verbs.

Els arguments interns directes dels noms en català: aproximació teoricodescriptiva

It is widely known that there is nowadays a certain consensus on the idea that nominal constructions, like sentences, are constrained by a series of restrictions that structure the relation between the head and the modifiers. This implies that some nouns, like verbs, admit arguments. This paper is based on the idea that syntactic structure is built upon categorially neutral roots to try to explain the fact that verbs and nouns are parallel regarding argument structure. Evidence from a corpus of Catalan language (CTILC) is given to prove how this is true at least regarding internal argument structure. Moreover, nouns of all aspectual types are analyzed, as well as nouns admitting different kinds of complements, so as to describe which factors are relevant in the realization of internal arguments of nouns and nominalizations in Catalan.

At the Cutting Edge of the City: Male Migrant Hairdressers in Shanghai

This article examines the emerging service industry in Shanghai through the prism of young male migrant hairdressers and their even younger assistants. These “cosmopolitan” service workers are framed within Lisa Rofel's concept of “desiring China” in order to show how the service industry in Shanghai is a kind of “Goffmanian world”, in that the hairdresser must present and “sell” himself in particular ways on the “front-stage” of the market-driven service industry. By examining both the “impression management” and “emotional labour” of the hairdresser, I argue that not only are we able to observe China's opening up policy as it is embodied in the service worker, but we are also able to observe on the salon floor hierarchical and power labour relations at work and the emergence of a commodity-style subject. These young male migrant service workers are framed as a kind of complement, or extension, of the young female migrant industrial workers studied by Pun Ngai in her book Made in China. By comparing and contrasting the “Chinese working daughters” of the factory regime with the “Chinese working sons” of the service regime we are able to observe Shanghai's structural shift from an industrial production centre to a service-based world city.

The semantics of complementation in English: A cognitive semantic account of two English complement constructions

Studies on complementation in English and other languages have traditionally focused on syntactic issues, most notably on the constituent structures of different complement types. As a result, they have neglected the role of meaning in the choice of different complements. This paper investigates the semantics of complementation within the theoretical framework of cognitive grammar. In particular, I examine the extent to which two morphosyntactically different complement types in modern English, to infinitival and - ing complements, reflect differences in meaning and whether there is any semantic patterning in the sets of matrix predicates that select for each type. The analysis argues that the occurrence of one or the other complement type is not semantically arbitrary, but rather semantically motivated by the meanings of the matrix predicates and the meanings of the grammatical elements to and - ing found in each kind of complement. Consequently, in spite of its clear grammatical function, infinitival to is meaningful in all its uses, retaining aspects of its original path-like sense via well-established routes of semantic extension. In general, all to infinitival complements evoke the notion of conceptual distance of some kind between the matrix and subordinate clauses. In addition, in all its uses - ing is also meaningful in evoking some kind of conceptual overlap between the matrix and subordinate clauses.

Syntaxe, lexique et sémantique : quelques réflexions sur les problèmes de construction des subordonnées prépositionnelles

Certain transitive words (verbs, nouns, adjectives) build necessarily their complement through a preposition, often considered as meaningless. Many adjuncts also take a preposition, generally believed to have a meaning. Both kinds of complements may take the form of embedded sentences, i.e., so-called "subordinate clauses". The embedding of a sentence as constituent of a larger sentence triggers various formal phenomena such as specific tense or mood, subordinating words, word order, etc. Moreover, the preposition itself disappears in some cases. This paper tries to discover what governs the behavior of a preposition introducing an embedded sentence of the form que P.

The Auxiliary-Verb-plus-Infinitive Construction in Old Occitan

THE AUXILIARY-VERB-PLUS-INFIMTIVE CONSTRUCTION G? OLD OCCITAN A few years ago I began making lists of the most frequently occurring nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in the poems of the troubadours. I made lists ofthese parts of speech for each oftwenty troubadours, and I also combined the lists into general lists (the combined lists). The results of that research were reported at Kalamazoo and elsewhere. The combined list of the most frequently used verbs [Table 1] shows that the top ranks are occupied by the verbs esser and aver, which can also be used as auxiliaries in forming past tenses, as well as with other kinds of complements. The next most frequently used verb on the combined list isfar, which may be used with various complements and also in the causative construction. Next in order come the frequently used modal auxiliaries voler, poder and saber. A fourth modal, dever, is in twelfth place. The raw numbers for the occurrences of voler, poder and saber are quite close in the sample of twenty troubadours which I have used. Of the twenty most frequently occurring verbs, no less than ten, including eight of the first twelve, are commonly used to introduce an infinitive. This paper uses that observation as a starting point for a brief introductory analysis of the grammatical structure of auxiliary verbs followed by infinitive in Old Occitan. A recent book by Gérard-Raymond Roy: Contribution à l'analyse du syntagme verbal: Etude morpho-syntaxique et statistique des coverbes conveniently compares the remarks of grammarians on the auxiliary verb. They have been prolific in their invention of terminology, but there is no agreement amongst them. Roy therefore therefore creates his own terms, and I shall adopt here one of them: the coverb. By coverbs, Roy means those verbs which can be used to introduce an infinitive (either directly or after a preposition). A coverb differs formally from an auxiliary in that the auxiliary introduces a past participle, in order to make a compound tense, whereas a coverb introduces an infinitive, with the relation between the verbs often having something to do with the attitude ofthe subject to the action ofthe infinitive (35). Several tables serve to introduce the results of my analyses.1 Table 2 gives a list of the most frequently used coverbs in the sample, and Table 3 a list of the most commonly used infinitives. The listings are then given for the individual troubadours of the sample: their F. R. P. Akehurst use of coverbs in Table 4 and of infinitives in Table 5. These lists were compiled as follows: A computer-generated concordance for each of the troubadours of the sample was created. Then the concordance was inspected and all the infinitives noted.2 The grammatical analysis of each sentence containing an infinitive then revealed whether the infinitive was governed by a coverb. Lists were compiled of: the coverbs used and their frequency [Table 4], and the infinitives so governed [Table 5]. Since one occurrence of a coverb can govern more than one infinitive, it happened that the number of infinitives governed by poder was more than the number of occurrences of the verb poder itself. (For an example of how this occurs, see stanza 5 of Poem 9 of Guilhem of Poitiers). The lists for the individual troubadours were combined to give the overall figure for the whole group. The lists were always ordered in descending order offrequency. The troubadour whose language is often considered typical, Bernard de Ventadour, uses coverbs 321 times in his 44 poems, an average of 7.3 coverbs per poem. These coverbs are used with a total of 124 different infinitives. The coverb followed by infinitive construction may thus be considered an important one for the language ofthe troubadours. The main modal verbs poder, voler, saber are occasionally replaced by periphrastic expressions which have the same meaning. Thus instead of poder, the poet may write: aver poder de, or esser poderos de; for saber he may use instead aver sabenssa de or aver saber de, or even by redoubling aver engenh e saber de. The largest number of periphrastic modal auxiliary verbs have the same meaning as voler...

Complement receptor expression of primates and non-primates detected by the rosette formation technique

The expression of complement receptors were studied on erythrocytes and platelets from 14 non-human primates and 3 non-primate species by rosette formation. It was found that the reactivity of erythrocytes with the cell bound complement is deeply dependent on which species are used as the complement source. The erythrocytes from Prosimian do not react with any kind of complement, while their platelets react with many kinds of complement. New World monkey erythrocytes do not react with indicator cells binding complements from guinea pig or man, while some of them react with indicators binding complements from non-human primate species. Contrarily Old World monkey erythrocytes react with complements from guinea pig, man and non-human primate. Hominoidea erythrocytes reacted with all the complements tested. Rabbit expresses C3 receptors on their erythrocytes for rabbit C3 and on their platelets for rabbit, guinea pig or mouse C3. Guinea pig expresses receptors on their erythrocytes for guinea pig and mouse C3, and on their platelets for guinea pig, mouse, rabbit and human C3. It becomes clear that not all of erythrocytes from primate and platelets from non-primate always express complement receptors as has been stated in the text books.