Kind Of Architecture Research Articles

Photosensitive Ag-contained CeO2-ZnO composites with non-stoichiometric matrix: Aspects of formation

It was shown the forming of Ag-contained ZnO-CeO2 composites occurs due to the complex decomposition and structure transformation of oxide materials and Ag-complexes. It allows us to realise one synthesised approach for obtaining photosensitive materials with different particle sizes, defects and kinds of architecture. The possible mechanisms of photosensitivity of these materials are determined. For composite nanoparticles (NP) with sizes up to 30 nm, the photosensitivity is connected with an abnormal decrease of bandgap energies at reducing NP sizes and an effective charge separation due to electron stocks on [Се3+…O2] centres and surface [Ce4+…O2-] oxidative centres formation. The appearance of the hyperfine structure pattern of six lines centred at g =2.002 and split by 93–94 G in the ESR spectra of the composite structure confirms the realization of this mechanism. For more big NP sizes of this composite, the surface plasmon resonance plays a more significant role in the material's photosensitive properties. The position of surface plasmon resonance depends on the kind of realised structure. The phase composition, temperature and reduction determine the type of structure (NPs/AgNPs ore core/Ag shell) that will be recognised in the Ag-contained CeO2-ZnO system.

Acoustic Levitation Synthesis of Ultrahigh‐Density Spherical Nucleic Acid Architectures for Specific SERS Analysis

AbstractControllably regulating the electrostatic bilayer of nanogold colloids is a significant premise for synthesizing spherical nucleic acid (SNA) and building ordered plasmonic architectures. We develop a facile acoustic levitation reactor to universally synthesize SNAs with an ultra‐high density of DNA strands, which is even higher than those of various state‐of‐the‐art methods. Results reveal a new mechanism of DNA grafting via acoustic wave that can reconfigure the ligands on colloidal surfaces. The acoustic levitation reactor enables substrate‐free three‐dimentional (3D) spatial assembly of SNAs with controllable interparticle nanogaps through regulating DNA lengths. This kind of architecture may overcome the plasmonic enhancement limits by blocking electron tunneling and breaking electrostatic shielding in dried aggregations. Finite element simulations support the architecture with 3D spatial plasmonic hotspot matrix, and its ultrahigh surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) capability is evidenced by in situ untargeted tracking of biomolecular events during photothermal stimulation (PTS)‐induced cell death process. For biomarker diagnosis, the conjugation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) aptamer onto SNAs enables in situ targeted tracking of ATP during PTS‐induced cell death process. Particularly, the CD71 receptor and integrin α3β1 protein on PL45 cell membrance could be well distinguished by label‐free SERS fingerprints when using specific XQ‐2d and DML‐7 aptamers, respectively, to synthesize SNA architectures. Our current acoustic levitation reactor offers a new method for synthesizing SNAs and enables both targeted and untargeted SERS analysis for tracking molecular events in living systems. It promises great potentials in biochemical synthesis and sensing in future.

Acoustic Levitation Synthesis of Ultrahigh-Density Spherical Nucleic Acid Architectures for Specific SERS Analysis.

Controllably regulating the electrostatic bilayer of nanogold colloids is a significant premise for synthesizing spherical nucleic acid (SNA) and building ordered plasmonic architectures. We develop a facile acoustic levitation reactor to universally synthesize SNAs with an ultra-high density of DNA strands, which is even higher than those of various state-of-the-art methods. Results reveal a new mechanism of DNA grafting via acoustic wave that can reconfigure the ligands on colloidal surfaces. The acoustic levitation reactor enables substrate-free three-dimentional (3D) spatial assembly of SNAs with controllable interparticle nanogaps through regulating DNA lengths. This kind of architecture may overcome the plasmonic enhancement limits by blocking electron tunneling and breaking electrostatic shielding in dried aggregations. Finite element simulations support the architecture with 3D spatial plasmonic hotspot matrix, and its ultrahigh surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) capability is evidenced by in situ untargeted tracking of biomolecular events during photothermal stimulation (PTS)-induced cell death process. For biomarker diagnosis, the conjugation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) aptamer onto SNAs enables in situ targeted tracking of ATP during PTS-induced cell death process. Particularly, the CD71 receptor and integrin α3β1 protein on PL45 cell membrance could be well distinguished by label-free SERS fingerprints when using specific XQ-2d and DML-7 aptamers, respectively, to synthesize SNA architectures. Our current acoustic levitation reactor offers a new method for synthesizing SNAs and enables both targeted and untargeted SERS analysis for tracking molecular events in living systems. It promises great potentials in biochemical synthesis and sensing in future.

Artificial Intelligence Evaluates How Humans Connect to the Built Environment: A Pilot Study of Two Experiments in Biophilia

Many factors influence well-being and health in everyday life. While people are aware of traffic delays or continuous work stress, other factors influence the state of the body on a subconscious level. The built environment subconsciously influences human physiology during every second of life, which has a cumulative long-term effect. The idea of biophilic design identifies the importance of natural elements implemented in architectural structures to improve the occupants’ health and well-being. This paper measures the impact of biophilic design on positive emotions and productivity in two separate but conceptually related pilot studies that apply novel approaches: (a) facial emotion recognition (FER) with residual masking networks and (b) sentiment detection using Large Language Models. The first study measures the emotions of people when confronted with images of different kinds of architecture, via FER and via a user survey. We find clear trends for emotions detected by FER and significant evidence for self-stated emotions that architecture implementing biophilic design evokes more positive emotions. The second study measures the influence of natural elements on productivity and team engagement. The findings show that natural elements in the surroundings do influence productivity and sentiment positively. As the sample size of subjects, especially for the second study, was relatively small, future research will need to apply these ideas in a larger setup to acquire further evidence for the importance of biophilic design for human well-being and health.

Style trends in Soviet architecture of the 1930s

In 1932, the competition for the Palace of the Soviets formally proclaimed a focus on “mastering the classical heritage”. From that moment on, Soviet architects turned with passion to Italian Renaissance motifs and the tradition of domestic pre-revolutionary architecture. However, in 1934, the Palace of Soviets was accepted for construction in an innovative, ribbed style and Art Deco forms. In those years, that kind of architecture was developing abroad as well. New York and Chicago became centres of rapid growth in the number of skyscrapers in Art Deco style; the new centre of Washington was worked out in Neoclassical style. All this allows us to record the phenomenon of style parallelism in the Soviet and foreign architecture of the 1930s.

Self-tallying e-voting with public traceability based on blockchain

In the post-epidemic era, the prevalence of remote collaborations in modern work environments highlight the importance of e-voting as a critical component in facilitating distributed decision-making. Most of the existing e-voting systems heavily rely on a centralized tally authority which requires a high degree of moral trust. However, this kind of architecture is insufficient for expected decentralization and verifiability in remote decision-making. A self-tallying e-voting system is more in line with our developed demands, nonetheless, it suffers adaptive and abortive issues inherently and as a result, fairness cannot be guaranteed. In this paper, we try to provide rational trust by building a blockchain-based self-tallying e-voting system with public traceability. We improve fairness and achieve a balance between privacy and accountability by taking advantage of a time-lock puzzle and traceable ring signature, in which the puzzle-solving time does not impose a real burden. We propose a concrete construction and prove that our protocol satisfies time-limited ballot secrecy, anonymity, exculpability, public traceability, self-tallying and fairness. We implement the prototype both on-chain and off-chain, and the results of time overhead of each phase demonstrate the practicability of our proposal.

INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SURVEY OUTPUT AND THE INFORMATION ASSET IN A 3D MODEL OF THE CASTELLO SFORZESCO IN MILAN

Abstract. In recent years, the architecture domain, driven by today's digital transition, has been actively exploring the world of digital twins, also thanks to the technological advancement that supports the progress on the issue. Within this context, the present work deals with the wide world of Architectural Cultural Heritage digitization. It aims to obtain a tool to support knowledge, investigation, and management of the built heritage. The research proposes an approach for digital twin development that comprehensively describes the architectural asset, including elements that are no longer present or visible. For this purpose, the three-dimensional model collects the available heterogeneous geometric datum, inevitably characterized by different levels of accuracy. The digitization model designed involves the coexistence of objects belonging to different Levels of Geometric Information (LOGI). All types of data then cooperate in defining the overall geometric information. Therefore, this framework allows for exploiting geometric information from both geomatics digital surveys and historical sources. This system allows obtaining a digital model that includes the different evolutionary phases of architectural assets by providing an overall view of these structures, an essential notion for operating properly on this kind of architecture. The digitization system was tested on a particular case study, the Ghirlanda of the Castello Sforzesco in Milan. The complexity of the property and the richness of the information heritage guided this choice, providing the basis for an appropriate and effective experimental activity.

“Into the Widest Imagination”

“Into the Widest Imagination”

디자인 사례를 통해서 본 지역 문화 콘텐츠의 시각화 방법 연구 - 한 · 중 관광 스탬프를 대상으로 -

Regional culture generally refers to the unique cultural tradition of a specific region, and is an expression of civilization such as ecology, folklore, tradition, and habits of a specific region. It is a mental and cultural asset unique to the region created by the combination of local culture and environment. Therefore, regional cultural development can not only increase the cultural influence of the region but also bring economic effects. The delivery of local culture can include several aspects of research value and can be done in various ways. However, among them, a method of extracting and visualizing the characteristics of local culture is widely used at this stage. Therefore, among the difficult ways to deepen the mental assets of local culture, it is necessary to study the transmission of local information in a visual manner. The tourism stamp itself shows the great achievements of visualization of local culture. The tourism seal is a kind of architecture, landscape or famous works aimed at the area. It strengthens the connection with the public through the connection with the environment and with the production and activities. Therefore, in order to convey local culture well, this paper used the tourism stamps of four cities in both Korea and China as the starting point of the study and summarized the method of visualizing culture through example research. Five visualization methods have been obtained through the study, and we intend to provide new ideas and methods for cultural visualization in each region in the future.

Thermomechanical Optimization of Three-Dimensional Low Heat Generation Microelectronic Packaging Using the Boundary Element Method

This paper presents a simulation based on the boundary element method for the optimization of the thermomechanical behavior of three-dimensional microchip-dissipator packaging when the heat generation produced is medium-low. Starting from a basic architecture studied in the literature, different modifications affecting both elastic boundary conditions and the contact interface between the microprocessor and the heatsink are included and studied in order to improve heat dissipation. A nonlinear interface material is included at the interface of both solids. Thus, a thermal contact conductance as a function of the normal contact traction is simulated. Finally, all these improvements in both contact interface and boundary conditions are applied to study the maximum heat generation that this kind of architecture can efficiently dissipate, so that the microchip will not be damaged due to thermal deformations.

Exploring Socio-Cultural Identity: Characteristics of the Architectural Design of Kori Agung Bangli

The existence of vernacular architecture has given characteristics to the built environment and area. Vernacular architecture has became into a distinct personality that differentiates one location from another. Bangli architecture is one of the various kinds of architecture that evolved in Bali. Bangli architectural style has evolved from the 15th century to the 18th century AD. The characteristics of Bangli's distinctive architectural design can be seen in the main entrance building called kori agung. Today the architectural style in Bangli began to be replaced by the entry of other architectural styles in the surrounding area. For this reason, documentation efforts are needed to explore the identity and characteristics of Bangli architectural design. This article describes the identification of Bangli's architectural style characteristics through the kori agung as an object of the investigation. Data collection was carried out through field measurements, interviews and historical literacy. Architectural inspection techniques and graphical analysis are used in the analytical method, with architectural drawings and forms serving as the primary instruments. As a result, drawings, sketches and visual analyses are used to describe the architectural qualities of kori agung, which are typical of Bangli.

Университетский город: архитектура смыслов

Collection of articles “University City: the Architecture of Meanings”, published in 2021 by VTsIOM together with the Publishing House of the Tomsk State University, brought together authors from different countries, adhering to various scientific fields, which are connected by a common interest in understanding the university city phenomenon. Today, in the context of advanced demands for science, technology and effective education, a convergent vision of social and educational elements of production and the knowledge dissemination as the basic characteristic of a post-industrial society is becoming of high demand. One of historically tested responses to demands of the time is creation and development of university cities, where a single social, educational and communicative space is formed. Problems, hypotheses and examples of successful world and Russian experience form a kind of architecture of meanings, which the authors of the book discuss in a popular form.

The Impact of 3D Coordinate Technology Using Nanomaterials on Architecture Engineering Industry

Coordinate technologies play an important role in many industrial applications, especially for eco nanobuildings and spaces. Lately, the global new architecture seems to be more automated as appeared in the parametric architecture, topological, animate, metamorphic, and isomorphic and per formative architecture. They all depend on the visualization, the high precision techniques, and the 4th dimension all within sustainability. But till now, there is no main environmental space code, unit or standards to deal with to insure that the environmental design became in a form of an easier one to be the design of the era as all the global calls aware us to preserve the nature from pollution. Mainly within the call for the nanotechnology, if there is found a least architectural volumetric unit which can fulfill all the environmental sustainable systems within the visionary and the 4th dimensional acts, then we can act with the environment with easier spaces that can be duplicated in a uniform way, to work easily for measure and estimate the budget of his supposed built space. Therefore, the main liable issue concerns the research for the least architectural volumetric unit, and we can call it the nanoarchitectural unit. As nanoarchitecture is a virtual and proposed kind of architecture, which the architects aim to create it or follow it the nanotechnology to insure that the 3D technology is to submit as an application in all branches of science, to achieve a dream of the present-day from sustainability and environment for future generations. Accordingly, recent studies have confirmed that 3D coordinate technology using digital printing has an important subtle impact on industry, especially for green buildings and spaces.

Distinctive Aspects of Vernacular Architecture of Wakhan Valley in Afghanistan; Influencing the Crossing Cultures and Adapting to the Harsh Climate

Many scientific sources agree that indigenous architecture, in terms of shape and function, is best suited to its environment. In this architecture, climatic conditions, access to materials, culture and beliefs of residents play an important role in the formation of the outer wall, the arrangement of ancillary spaces and decorative features. This architecture has a unique feature in the Pamir Mountains of Afghanistan in the face of wildlife, different cultures and harsh climatic conditions. The approach of the two Wakhi and Kyrgyz immigrant communities in the region is quite different in their adherence to traditions. However, in the Wakhan Valley, the transfer of experiences between farmers and herding nomads has created a new kind of architecture that is still introverted. To study the formation of this architecture, descriptive-analytical method has been studied on library resources, maps, statistical data, reports and field images. This study showed that indigenous architecture, in a wise introverted way, is based on both maintaining the internal warmth of the house and socio-cultural relationships. Symbols are influenced by the nature, history and culture of neighboring civilizations and have evolved over time. However, this architecture plays an important role in creating interaction and social stability in this region. Communities in residential, religious and burial buildings have also paid attention to available materials and adaptation to land form. Despite efforts to adapt to very cold climates in both types of homes, buildings and tents, there are limitations to receiving lighting and ventilation.

The challenge of heritage management for post national symbol: the dilemma of the Chungshan Great Hall’s adaptive reuse, Taiwan

ABSTRACT Chungshan Great Hall, founded in 1965 under the request of President Chiang Kai-shek to commemorate the centenary of Dr Sun Yat-sen's birth, also for the reason to revive traditional Chinese culture. Until the end of 2005, this was the site of National Assembly meetings. Besides, the architecture serves as a location for hosting ceremonies by the President for state visits, conferences, receiving distinguished foreign guests or hosting state banquets and was off limits to the general public until 2005. The government has designated the Chungshan Great Hall as a historical monument. It was also on the first 20 of do_co, mo.mo_Taiwan's list, because of its significance on both architectural and historic value. In spite of its conveying as a strong national symbol in essence, the architectural work of the Chungshan Great Hall might be said to be a splendid combination and demonstration of traditional crafts and modern design. However, after the lifting of martial law, and the abolishment of the National Assembly, how to reuse the historic building with its difficult history became a paradox issue. Namely, how should we reuse it wisely and interpret the once national glory, without mentioning the authoritarian rule? How should we appreciate the beauty and magnificent of the architecture, yet forgetting the negative memory of White Terror? The article, by reviewing the long process of how the central and local government tried to find different methods to reuse the monument, dismantles the challenge and dilemma of the heritage management of this kind of architecture as a post-national symbol.

Architettura post Covid-19. La prossemica come strumento di progetto

L’esplosione del virus e la diffusione a scala mondiale del concetto di distanziamento sociale hanno resa necessaria la riorganizzazione dello spazio che ci circonda secondo nuove misure. A questo proposito potrebbe tornare utile la prossemica, disciplina teorizzata negli anni ‘60 del secolo scorso dall’antropologo americano Edward Hall con lo scopo di studiare il significato che gli uomini attribuiscono ai concetti di distanza e spazio. Nel processo di ripensamento dell’architettura a cui andiamo incontro, le teorie di Hall potranno offrire un aiuto prezioso che investa tutte le scale, dalla città al quartiere al singolo edificio. Abbiamo la possibilità, imperdibile, di rivedere il modello di città contemporanea: che sia l’occasione di ripensare gli spazi a scala umana in vista di una nuova normalità.

A Study on the Immateriality at the Tadao Ando’s Works

안도 타다오(安藤忠雄)의 작품을 대상으로 비물질적 표현 특성을 고찰한 결과, 본 연구의 범위 내에서 다음과 같은 결론에 이르게 되었다. 그의 작품에서 비물질적 표현특성은 그의 건축철학인 원풍경 재생의 실현을 위한 수법이라고 할 수 있다. 건축의 주된 재료로 근대건축의 유산인 콘크리트를 사용하고 형태는 가장 기본적인 삼각형, 사각형, 원 등으로 구성하는 등, 현대건축에서 가장 기본적인 물질적 수단을 이용하여 그 안에 담기는 대지내의 내외부공간에서 주변 원풍경의 자연환경과 인공환경과의 관계성을 비물질적인 표현특성을 통하여 이어가고 있다. 그러한 표현특성은 공간의 연속적인 탈경계성에 이르게 되고, 이러한 공간적체험은 본래의 개인적 자아를 성찰하게하고 물질문명에 찌든 개인의 자아를 회복하도록 안도는 시도하고있는 것이다. 투명한 재료나 직접적 동선을 계획하여 원풍경의 자연이 있는 곳에서는 자연과 공간적 탈경계성을 이루게 하고, 원풍경의 자연이 없는 곳에서는 주위의 인공환경물과 소통하도록 시도하고 있다. 그리고 가능하면 직접적으로 원풍경을 느끼게 하고 불가피한 경우는 간접적으로 그곳의 빛이나 바람 등의 원풍경 요소를 체험하도록 계획하였다. 재료적 측면에서의 투명성, 은유성 등과 공간적 측면에서의 탈장소화 등은 모두가 공간의 탈경계성을 확보하기 위한 것이거나 더욱 그러한 특성을 증대시키기 위한 수법으로 볼 수 있다. 그리고 비물질적 공간적 탈경계 특성은 내부공간의 각실 보다는 각 실을 연결하는 통로공간이나 거실공간에서 왕성하게 표현되고 있다. 건축물 종류에서는 좁은 대지의 주택이나 종교시설, 상업시설보다는 대규모의 전시시설에서 다양한 수법으로 나타나고 있다. 또한 지중미술관이나 유민미술관 등 지하건축물에서는 수직적인 지상의 하늘과 지상 연결통로에서 직접적으로 공간적 탈경계를 계획하거나 지하의 전시공간에서 천창을 통한 간접적인 탈경계적 표현과 미디어적 표현을 통한 탈장소화의 표현 등도 나타나고 있다.As a result of examining the immaterial expression characteristics of Tadao Ando’s work, the following conclusions were reached within the scope of this study. The immaterial peculiarities in his work’s are the methods which make his architectural theory: regeneration of the site’s landscape or scenery. He planned the architectures make a connection with the regeneration of around the site’s landscape or scenery to use the most of popular materials-concrete and forms-triangle, square and circle, that is modern architect’s heritage. Such immaterial peculiarities make the beyond-spatial boundary lead to reflect original personal ego and to recover personal ego who are exhausted material civilization. The site’s landscape or scenery where had the nature/artificial environment is planed to make the beyond-spatial boundary with transparent window or make the passage directly. He made the space to provide a atmosphere of the site’s landscape or scenery directly as much as possible. Otherwise, he made plans using indirect methods. On the aspect of the materials, the transparency, metaphor and the aspects of space are to make the beyond-spatial boundary or to make better such plan at all. And the immaterial peculiarities of the beyond-spatial boundary are represented at passages or livingroom than private space. In the kind of architecture, large-scale exhibition architectures were represented by various plan than the house, the religious architecture, commercial architecture of small site. The underground architecture like a Chichu Art Museum represented the beyond-spatial boundary in the ground passage with the vertical sky directly and in the underground space with splitted window indirectly. And Yu-Min Art Museum represented the beyond-site(place) with media only.

Attention Multibranch Convolutional Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Adaptive Region Search

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated outstanding performance on image classification. To classify the hyperspectral images (HSIs), existing CNN-based approaches commonly adopt the architecture using single or several fixed spatial windows as inputs. This kind of architecture may lose contextual information or incorporate heterogeneous information due to the neglect of various land-cover distributions in HSIs. To deal with this problem, a novel attention multibranch CNN method based on adaptive region search (RS-AMCNN) is proposed for HSI classification. In RS-AMCNN, sizes and locations of spatial windows are searched in the nonlocal candidate region adaptively according to sample-specific distribution. These flexible spatial windows are input into several branches of RS-AMCNN. In each branch, convolutional long short-term memories (ConvLSTMs) are merged into CNN from shallow to deep layers, which not only extracts joint spatial-spectral features, but also exploits complementary information among different layers. Then, a branch attention mechanism is devised to emphasize more discriminative branches and suppress less useful ones. It forces RS-AMCNN to extract multiscale and multicontextual attention features for classification. Finally, RS-AMCNN is optimized end-to-end by combining the losses from the ramose classifiers of different branches and the main classifier. Experiments carried on several benchmark HSI data sets demonstrate that RS-AMCNN provides promising classification performance, especially in edge preservation and region uniformity.

Ex Uno Lapide: The making present of absence

This paper comments on a drawing protocol entitled the “Monolith Drawing”, with which an architectural figure is extracted out of a single volume, synchronising analogue thinking with computational development, to enter history through our capacity to long for the experience of something that is absent. The Lacanian interpretation assumes there cannot be absence in an objective world, for absence can only exist through symbolic or representative means. It is through the representational means of the Monolith Drawing that we enable ourselves, as architects, to design presence where there is none.
 This research explores and (re)deploys the notion of ex uno lapide in contemporary architectural production. Such creative practice recovers a tradition linking geology with architectonic drawing and operates in conceptual space through means of contained sets of formal operations to generate a particular kind of architecture.
 The Monolith Drawing is here explained in relation to the design of a museum extension to house a tapestry cycle by Peter Paul Rubens, adjacent to St John’s Co-Cathedral in Valletta. These tapestries represent the idea of transubstantiation. In response, the museum’s design acts as a closed vessel, a monumental reliquary, enabling a closed and controlled environment to ensure the conservation of the artwork. The reliquary is interpreted as a container of meaning, directing a reciprocal gaze towards the idea of meaningful absence. The Monolith Drawing installs two important principles. The idea of the mirror-construct, in which an object is depicted using parallel lines to project its mirror image and allow twofold vision, outwards (res extensa) and inwards (res cogitans); and the idea of ex uno lapide – a strategy where architecture is carved out of solid mass. This carving is guided by allowing the depicted object and its mirror image to intersect. Its transcriptions allow for a drawing with history; a tracing of its own tracing.

Analysis and implementation of the Autotransformer Forward-Flyback converter applied to photovoltaic systems

The Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (DMPPT) architecture is employed to overcome the mismatching phenomena in grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) installations. In this kind of architecture, a DC-DC module integrated converter (MIC) manages each PV panel. Thanks to the DC-DC converters, the differences between PV panels do not influence others, maximizing the amount of harvested power. The MIC requirements to make this kind of solutions profitable are voltage step-down and step-up capability, low cost and high efficiency. This paper analyses the Autotransformer Forward-Flyback (AFF) converter. This converter is considered as a MIC candidate for fulfilling the requirements above. The study of the AFF converter includes the steady-state analysis and the small signal analysis in continuous conduction mode. The advantages of the AFF converter are the capability of voltage step-down and step-up; the simplicity since it only includes a single controlled switch; the use of an autotransformer; good dynamic performances and the soft switching characteristics in all the diodes. The paper includes a detailed AFF converter step-by-step design procedure, applied to 100 kW grid-tied PV installation, in which the effect of shadows has been considered. A 225 W AFF converter prototype validates the theoretical analyses, achieving an efficiency up to 94.5%.