Incidence Of Kidney Cancer Research Articles

The applications of CRISPR/Cas9 System for Urinary System Tumor.

Tumors of the urinary system include those in the urinary and reproductive systems, of which tumors of the prostate, bladder, and kidney have the highest incidence. In recent years, due to changes in dietary structure, prostate cancer has become the most common type of male genitourinary system cancer. Furthermore, due to tobacco consumption, increases in industrialization, and the age of the population, the incidence of bladder cancer in both males and females in both urban and rural areas, has shown an increasing trend. The incidence and mortality of kidney cancer have also increased and negatively affected the lives and health of all residents. While surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have greatly improved the cure and survival rates of patients with urinary tumors, we lack methods for early detection and effective long-term treatment. New tools and methods for diagnosis and treatment are thus urgently needed. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 has become an efficient method to alter the genome in many organisms. It can be used to activate or inhibit gene expression, which greatly facilitates the editing of targeted genes, both in vivo and in vitro. It provides a powerful scientific research tool to analyze the mechanisms of disease occurrence and development and to develop advanced targeted drug delivery. The diagnosis and treatment of human tumors will consequently be improved as this technology will surely accelerate cancer research. In this article, we discuss how CRISPR/Cas9 technology can be used to research and treat genitourinary system tumors will consequently be improved as this technology will surely accelerate cancer research. Here, we review the current applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for genitourinary system tumor research and therapy.

Epidemiology of Urologic Cancer in Korea: Nationwide Trends in the Last 2 Decades

Purpose: This study assessed recent trends in the incidence of urologic cancer and patient survival in Korea.Materials and Methods: The incidence of urologic cancer in Korea was calculated based on the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database and the South Korean Statistical Information Service Database. Data from 2000 to 2020 were used to determine the incidence, death, prevalence, and survival rates of urologic cancer.Results: Urologic cancer was diagnosed in 27,514 cases, accounting for 11.1% of the total cancer incidence. In 2020, there were 16,815 prostate cancer cases, 5,946 kidney cancer cases, and 4,753 bladder cancer cases. The age-standardized rate (ASR) for the incidence of prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer increased from 2000 to 2020. The overall ASR was 56 per 100,000 in 2020. In 2000, the ASRs for prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer were 2.9, 3.1, and 4.8 per 100,000, respectively, whereas they were 32.7, 11.6, and 9.3 per 100,000, respectively, in 2020. Urologic cancer has also seen a steady increase in the death rate, prevalence rate, and relative survival rate over the past 20 years. The 5-year relative survival rates for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, kidney cancer, and bladder cancer during the 5-year period from 2015 to 2019 were 94.4%, 84.7%, and 76.5%, respectively. Among urologic cancers, prostate cancer had the highest survival rate, and bladder cancer had the lowest.Conclusions: The survival rate for urologic cancer is increasing; however, the incidence and prevalence rates continue to rise.

Mortality trends and geographic distribution of kidney cancer in Peru: a secondary analysis

BackgroundThe incidence of kidney cancer has been increasing worldwide, with variable patterns in mortality due to improved diagnostic techniques and increased survival. The mortality rates, geographical distribution and trends of kidney cancer in South America remain poorly explored. This study aims to illustrate mortality by kidney cancer in Peru.MethodsA secondary data analysis of the Deceased Registry of the Peruvian Ministry of Health database, from 2008 to 2019 was conducted. Data for kidney cancer deaths were collected from health facilities distributed throughout the country. We estimated age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 persons and provided an overview of trends from 2008 to 2019. A cluster map shows the relationships among 3 regions.ResultsA total of 4221 deaths by kidney cancer were reported in Peru between 2008 and 2019. ASMR for Peruvian men ranged from 1.15 to 2008 to 1.87 in 2019, and from 0.68 to 2008 to 0.82 in 2019 in women. The mortality rates by kidney cancer rose in most regions, although they were not significant. Callao and Lambayeque provinces reported the highest mortality rates. The rainforest provinces had a positive spatial autocorrelation and significant clustering (p < 0.05) with the lowest rates in Loreto and Ucayali.ConclusionMortality by kidney cancer has increased in Peru, being a trend that disproportionally affects more men than women. While the coast, especially Callao and Lambayeque, present the highest kidney cancer mortality rates, the rainforest has the lowest rates, especially among women. Lack of diagnosis and reporting systems may confound these results.

Epidemiological Trends of Kidney Cancer Along with Attributable Risk Factors in China from 1990 to 2019 and Its Projections Until 2030: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Understanding the past and future burden of kidney cancer in China over years provides essential references for optimizing the prevention and management strategies. The data on incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and age-standardized rates of kidney cancer in China, 1990-2019, were collected from the database of Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to depict the trends of kidney cancer burden, and Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis was used to predict the incidence and mortality in the next decade. Over the past 30 years, the number of new kidney cancer cases sharply increased from 11.07 thousand to 59.83 thousand, and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) tripled from 1.16/100,000 to 3.21/100,000. The mortality and DALYs also presented an increasing pattern. Smoking and high body mass index were mainly risk factors for kidney cancer. We predicted that by 2030, the incident cases and deaths of kidney cancer would increase to 126.8 thousand and 41.8 thousand, respectively. In the past 30 years, the kidney cancer burden gradually increased in China, and it will continue to rise in the next decade, which reveals more targeted intervention measures are necessary.

Trends and risk factors of global incidence, mortality, and disability of genitourinary cancers from 1990 to 2019: Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

The incidence of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer ranked ninth, sixth, and third in male cancers respectively, meanwhile, the incidence of testicular cancer also increased gradually in the past 30 years. To study and present estimates of the incidence, mortality, and disability of kidney, bladder, prostate, and testicular cancer by location and age from 1990 to 2019 and reveal the mortality risk factors of them. The Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 was used to obtain data for this research. The prediction of cancer mortality and incidence was based on mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). The MIR data was processed by logistic regression and adjusted by Gaussian process regression. The association between the socio-demographic index and the incidence or disease burden was determined by Spearman's rank order correlation. Globally in 2019, there were 371,700 kidney cancer cases with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 4.6 per 100,000, 524,300 bladder cancer cases, with an ASIR of 6.5 per 100,000, 1,410,500 prostate cancer cases with an ASIR of 4.6 per 100,000 and 109,300 testicular cancer incident cases with an ASIR of 1.4 per 100,000, the ASIR of these four cancers increased by 29.1, 4, 22, and 45.5% respectively. The incidence rate of the four cancers and the burden of kidney cancer were positively correlated with the socio-demographic index (SDI), regions with a higher SDI faced more of a burden attributable to these four cancers. High body-mass index has surpassed smoking to be the leading risk factor in the past thirty years for kidney cancer mortality. Smoking remained the leading risk factor for cancer-related mortality for bladder cancer and prostate cancer and the only risk factor for prostate cancer. However, the contribution of high fasting plasma glucose to bladder cancer mortality has been increasing. The incidence of bladder, kidney, prostate, and testicular cancer is ever-increasing. High-income regions face a greater burden attributable to the four cancers. In addition to smoking, metabolic risk factors may need more attention.

ARSENIC IN DRINKING WATER AND URINE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH MALIGNANT TUMORS OF URINARY TRACT IN OSIJEK-BARANJA COUNTY, CROATIA.

Increased values of arsenic in potable water in eastern Croatia has been a matter of scientific interest for the past two decades due to numerous health effects, including carcinogenic ones. This study investigated whether prolonged exposure to increased arsenic from water could be detectable through increased arsenic in urine, and whether it influenced the incidence of kidney and bladder cancer in Osijek-Baranja County. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for analysis of water samples from available water sources (wells, aqueducts). In addition, examinees from Osijek, Našice, Vladislavci, Čepin and Dalj gave their urine samples for analysis. Data on cancer incidence were obtained from the Institute for Public Health Registry and cumulative incidence of kidney and bladder cancer was calculated for the period between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2018. Elevated arsenic concentration in drinking water was recorded in Vladislavci, Čepin and Osijek area with values above the allowed maximum according to the EU standards (10 µg L-1) and as a result, arsenic levels in urine of the inhabitants were also elevated. Cumulative incidence for bladder cancer showed correlation between increased arsenic in water and urine in the areas affected by increased arsenic in water. Epidemiologic data suggest a conclusion that elevated arsenic could be considered at least as a cofounding factor for urinary tract cancer.

KIDNEY CANCER IN CROATIA - TRENDS IN INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY.

Kidney cancer is estimated to be responsible for more than 400 000 new cancer cases and 180 000 cancer deaths a year. Its incidence is increasing in the majority of developed countries, due to an increased prevalence of recognized risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use and obesity, as well as incidental findings on unrelated diagnostic imaging procedures. Mortality is decreasing in the majority of European countries, due to improvements in treatment and stage at diagnosis shift with more tumors being diagnosed at an early stage. In this paper, we present kidney cancer incidence and mortality trends in Croatia using joinpoint regression analysis. The incidence was rising throughout the 2001-2019 period, with an annual percent change (APC) of 2.5%; more so in men (APC of 2.5%) than in women (APC of 2.2%). Mortality increased during the 2001-2014 period (APC of 2.4%), but started to decrease in recent years (APC -2.7%, 2014-2020). Unlike sex differences observed in other European countries, with more favorable mortality trends found in women, our study showed a constant increase in mortality in women (APC of 1.2%) and a recent decrease in mortality in men, starting in 2013 (APC of -2.8%), after a period of increase from 2001 (APC of 3.3%).

EVALUATION OF TRENDS IN ONCOLOGICAL CARE FOR KIDNEY CANCER IN KAZAKHSTAN

Relevance: Worldwide, kidney cancer ranks sixth among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men and 10th in women, accounting&#x0D; for 5% and 3% of all cancer diagnoses, respectively. In 2020, IARC reported 431,288 new cases and 179,368 deaths from kidney cancer&#x0D; worldwide. By 2040, they expect an increase of 40.4% in kidney cancer incidence (605,726 cases) and 59.4% in kidney cancer mortality&#x0D; (285,906 deaths).&#x0D; The study aimed to analyze some kidney cancer indicators (incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification)&#x0D; to evaluate the oncological care in Kazakhstan in 2010-2019.&#x0D; Methods: A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the primary method.&#x0D; Results: From 2010 to 2019, 10,966 new cases of kidney cancer and 3,866 deaths from this pathology were registered in Kazakhstan.&#x0D; kidney cancer incidence increased from 5.6±0.2%⁰⁰⁰ (2010) to 6.7±0.2%⁰⁰⁰ in 2019 (p=0.000). Over time, mortality rates from kidney&#x0D; cancer tended to decrease from 2.6±0.1%⁰⁰⁰ (2010) to 1.9±0.1%⁰⁰⁰ in 2019 (p=0.000). The study reveals a trend: the indicators of early&#x0D; diagnosis (the share of patients with stage I-II) improved from 50.7% (2010) to 69.1% in 2019, and, accordingly, the balance of neglected&#x0D; patients decreased significantly with stage III (from 31.2% to 14.6%) and with stage IV (from 18.1% to 16.0%). Morphological verification&#x0D; indicators for KС improved by 44.7%, from 58.5% and 84.6%, respectively, in 2010 and 2019.&#x0D; Conclusion: The increase in kidney cancer incidence dictates further study of cause-and-effect relationships with risk factors for developing effective preventive measures and screening programs.

Kidney Cancer Profile in National Cancer Center (NCC) - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Background: Kidney cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in urology. The higher prevalence of risk factors, as well as better diagnostic modalities, has led to a reported increase worldwide. The study aims to describe the profile and management pattern of kidney cancer patients at a tertiary referral center over seven years.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to assess the profile and management of kidney patients in the national cancer center (NCC) - Dharmais Hospital Jakarta between January 2013 and December 2020. The variables collected included age, gender, stage (AJCC staging), histopathological result, and management, using the total sampling method.Results: A total of 53 kidney cancer cases were documented in NCC - Dharmais Hospital Jakarta from 2013 to 2020. Overall, males are more prevalent than females, with a sex ratio of 2.3:1. The most frequent age group was 51–65 years. The most common histological subtype was a clear cell in the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype and sarcoma in the non-RCC subtype. Noticeably, end-stage (stage IV) was found in more than half of patients (65.6%), with no patient found in stage I. Radical nephrectomy was preferable to cytoreductive nephrectomy. Conclusions: : An increasing trend of kidney cancer incidence was found between 2013 and 2020 with most patients diagnosed with stage IV.

Trends of kidney cancer burden from 1990 to 2019 in European Union 15 + countries and World Health Organization regions

In recent decades, variability in the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer (KC) has been reported. This study aimed to compare trends in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of KC between the European Union (EU) 15 + countries and 6 World Health Organization (WHO) regions. The data of KC Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), and age-standardized DALYs were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database. Joinpoint regression was employed to examine trends. From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR increased in most countries except for Luxembourg (males), the USA (females) and Austria and Sweden (both sexes). ASIR increased across all 6 WHO regions for both sexes except for females in Americas. The ASMR increased in 10/19 countries for males and 9/19 for females as well across most WHO regions. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) decreased in all countries and WHO regions. Trends in DALYs were variable across countries and WHO regions. While the incidence and mortality from KC rose in most EU15 + countries and WHO regions from 1990 to 2019, the universal drop in MIR suggests an overall improvement in KC outcomes. This is likely multifactorial, including earlier detection of KC and improved treatments.

Burden of kidney cancer and attributed risk factors in China from 1990 to 2019.

The changing trends and risk-attributed burdens of kidney cancer in China are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the latest status and trends of kidney cancer burden in China and its associated risk factors. The absolute numbers and rates of the incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of kidney cancer in China were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 platform. Overall burden and burden attributed to smoking and high body mass index (BMI) were described. Average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated to describe trend analyses from 1990 to 2019 using the Joinpoint regression program. In 2019, 59,827 new cases, 23,954 deaths, and 642,799 DALYs of kidney cancer occurred in China, of which men accounted for 71.1, 70.5, and 72.0%, and the population aged ≥55 years accounted for 58.9, 77.9, and 60.1%, of new cases, deaths, and DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (per 100,000 person-years) increased from 1.16 in 1990 to 3.21 in 2019, with an AAPC of 3.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.1-3.8%, p < 0.05); the mortality rate increased from 0.70 to 1.27, with an AAPC of 2.1% (1.5-2.3%, p < 0.05); and the DALY rate increased from 0.70 to 1.27, with an AAPC of 2.1% (1.5-2.3%, p < 0.05). In 2019, the proportions of DALYs attributed to smoking and high BMI were 18.0% and 11.1%, respectively, and the DALY rates attributed to both smoking and high BMI increased from 1990 to 2019, with AAPC of 2.9% (2.6-3.3%, p < 0.05) and 4.8% (4.2-5.4%, p < 0.05), respectively. The kidney cancer burden in China has continued to grow over the recent three decades, with a severe burden among older adults and men. Therefore, timely preventive interventions for modifiable risk factors are required.

Association Between Glycemic Status and the Risk of Kidney Cancer in Men and Women: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Kidney cancer predominantly affects men, suggesting a biological protection against kidney cancer in women. We investigated the dose-response association between glycemic status and kidney cancer risk in men and women. In this nationwide cohort study, 9,492,331 adults without cancer who underwent national health screening in 2009 were followed up until 31 December 2018. We estimated kidney cancer risk using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models after adjusting for potential confounders. During the 78.1 million person-years of follow-up, incident kidney cancer occurred in 8,834 men and 3,547 women. The male-to-female ratio of the incidence rate was 2.1:1 in never-smokers with normoglycemia (17.8 vs. 8.5/100,000 person-years). Among never-smokers, men with diabetes, but not prediabetes, had an increased risk of kidney cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.25 [95% CI 1.12-1.38] and 1.06 [0.97-1.15], respectively). Among never-smokers, women with both diabetes and prediabetes had an increased risk (aHR 1.34 [95% CI 1.21-1.49] and 1.19 [1.10-1.29], respectively) (Ptrend <0.01). Among smokers, men and women with diabetes had 49% and 85% increased kidney cancer risk (aHR 1.49 [95% CI 1.37-1.61] and 1.85 [1.26-2.73], respectively). Glycemic status and kidney cancer risk exhibited a dose-response association in women. Diabetes, but not prediabetes, was associated with an increased risk in men. Although women have a lower risk of kidney cancer than men, women with even prediabetes have an increased risk. These findings should not be overlooked when monitoring for kidney complications.

Exposure to Metalworking Fluids and Cancer Incidence in the United Auto Workers-General Motors Cohort.

In previous studies, investigators have reported increased risks of specific cancers associated with exposure to metalworking fluids (MWFs). In this report we broadly examine the incidence of 14 types of cancer, with a focus on digestive, respiratory, and hormonal cancers, in the United Auto Workers-General Motors (UAW-GM) cohort, a cohort of workers exposed to MWFs (1973-2015). The cohort included 39,132 workers followed for cancer incidence. Cox models yielded estimates of adjusted hazard ratios, with categorical variables for lagged cumulative exposure to 3 types of MWF (straight, soluble, and synthetic). We fitted penalized splines to examine the shape of the exposure-response relationships. There were 7,809 incident cancer cases of interest. Oil-based straight and soluble MWFs were each modestly associated with all cancers combined. Exposure-response patterns were consistent with prior reports from this cohort, and results for splined exposures generally reflected their categorically modeled counterparts. We found significantly increased incidence of stomach and kidney cancer with higher levels of straight MWF exposure and increased rectal and prostate cancer with increasing water-based synthetic MWF exposure. Only non-Hodgkin lymphoma and prostate cancer were associated with soluble MWF. All results for colon and lung cancers were null. Our results provide updated evidence for associations between MWF exposure and incidence of several types of cancer.

Changing epidemiology and trends in incidence of kidney cancer in England, 1985-2019

Abstract Background Kidney cancer is the 7th most common cancer in the UK, accounting for 4% of all new cancer cases. The risk factors for kidney cancer include obesity, smoking, hypertension, and exposure to certain environmental and occupational carcinogens. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study to examine whether there have been changes in the incidence of kidney cancer in England during the past four decades. Methods Individual level data for patients diagnosed with kidney cancer in England during 1985-2019 were obtained from the Office for National Statistics/Public Health England. Average annual incidence rates were calculated by two age categories (0-49, 50+ years) and all ages combined during the seven five-year time periods (1985-89 to 2015-19). The percentage change in incidence was calculated as change in the average annual incidence rate from the first (1985-89) to the last time period (2015-19). Results During the 35-year study period, a total of 197,819 new cases of kidney cancer were registered in England (62.4% males, 37.6% females). In young people aged 0-49 years, the average annual incidence rates increased by 164% in males and 144% in females (from 1.4/100,000 in 1985-89 to 3.7/100,000 in 2015-19 in males and from 0.9/100,000 in 1985-89 to 2.2/100,000 in 2015-19 in females). In older people aged 50+ years, the rates increased by 129% in males and 147% in females (from 24.5/100,000 in 1985-89 to 56.0/100,000 in 2015-19 in males and from 11.9/100,000 in 1985-89 to 29.4/100,000 in 2015-19 in females). Conclusions There has been a steady and significant increase in the incidence of kidney cancer in England over the past four decades. The largest increase (164%) was observed in young males aged 0-49 years, which was unexpected. Considering the risk factors for kidney cancer, further research is needed to understand the role of environmental/occupational exposures in causing kidney cancer. Key messages

Implications of metabolic health status and obesity on the risk of kidney cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

This study evaluated the association between metabolic health status and incident kidney cancer among obese participants. A total of 514,866 individuals were included from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort. Changes in metabolic health status and obesity from the baseline examination in 2009-2010 to the next biannual examination in 2011-2012 were determined. Based on the status change, obese participants were divided into four groups: stable metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically healthy obesity to metabolically unhealthy obesity, metabolically unhealthy obesity to metabolically healthy obesity, and stable metabolically unhealthy obesity. The stable metabolically healthy obesity phenotype did not confer an increased risk of incident kidney cancer, compared to the stable metabolically healthy non-obese group. In contrast, the metabolically healthy obesity to metabolically unhealthy obesity group had a significantly higher risk of incident kidney cancer than the stable metabolically healthy non-obese group. Among patients with metabolically unhealthy obesity at baseline, those who transitioned to the metabolically healthy obese group had no increased risk of kidney cancer, whereas those who remained in metabolically unhealthy obesity status had a higher risk of incident kidney cancer than the stable metabolically healthy non-obese group. The transition or maintenance of metabolic health was a decisive factor for kidney cancer in obese patients. Maintaining or restoring metabolic health should be stressed upon in obese patients to reduce the risk of kidney cancer.

Association of chronic kidney disease with total and site-specific cancer incidence in participants of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.

Although studies have found an association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cancer incidence, the results are inconsistent. This study included participants in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study who had data on serum creatinine measurements. We assessed the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the risk of total and site-specific cancer incidence using a systematic survey in Japan. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with adjustment for participant demographics and lifestyle factors. A total of 21978 participants who met the inclusion criteria were followed up for a mean period of 12.9 years, during which a total of 2997 incident cancer cases were reported. In the multivariable adjusted models, an eGFR of <45mL/min/1.73 m2 was not significantly associated with total cancer incidence (adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.94-1.60), compared with an eGFR of 60-89mL/min/1.73 m2 (reference). The HR among those with eGFRs of ≥90mL/min/1.73 m2 was 1.10 (95% CI 1.00-1.22). In this large prospective study, a low eGFR was not significantly associated with an increased risk of total cancer incidence in patients with CKD, which may be partly due to an underpowered sample size. This finding may be due to the many shared risk factors between CKD and cancer.

Situation with cancer care in Russia. Kidney cancer (median survival, cumulative survival, and survival of patients depending on their disease stage). Population-based study at the federal district level. Part 2

Background. In the first part of our study, we described the dynamics of kidney cancer (С64) incidence and mortality, as well as reliability of kidney cancer surveillance in Russia. This study analyzed the effectiveness of cancer control measures in Russia by assessing patient survival using the data form the newly developed Population-based cancer registry of the North-Western Federal District.Materials and methods. We used the data from the Population-based cancer registry of the North-Western Federal District of Russia that has more than 1,350,000 records, including 35,629 kidney cancer patients. Standard methods of the European Network of Cancer Registries (EUROCARE program) were used for data processing and analysis.Results. Our findings confirmed that kidney cancer is characterized by a low death rate. Over the last 18 years, median survival of kidney cancer patients in the North-Western Federal District of Russia increased form 4 years to 6.5 years. The 1-year survival rate increased from 68 % to 78.5 % (by 16.5 %); 5-year cumulative observed survival increased from 47.3 % to 54.1 %; 5-year cumulative relative survival increased from 56.8 % to 61.8 %. Female kidney cancer patients demonstrated higher 5-year cumulative survival rates than male patients (65.8 % vs 43.9 %).Conclusion. We observed a positive dynamic of the main analytical indicators of cancer control, including an increase in the median survival and 5-year cumulative survival of kidney cancer patients.

Cancer risk in living kidney donors

Living kidney donors are screened for transmissible diseases including cancer. Outcomes following donation are excellent, but concern exists regarding development of chronic kidney disease, and cancer risk is unknown. We used linked transplant and cancer registry data to identify incident cancers among 84,357 kidney donors in the United States (1995–2017). We compared risk with the general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). For selected cancers, we used Poisson regression to compare donors with 47,451 Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) participants, who typically have healthy lifestyles. During follow-up, 2843 cancers were diagnosed in donors, representing an overall deficit (SIR 0.79, 95%CI 0.76–0.82). None of 46 specified cancer sites occurred in excess relative to the general population, and 15 showed significant deficits (SIR < 1.00). Compared with AHS-2 participants, donors had similar incidence of liver cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma but, starting 7 years after donation, elevated incidence of colorectal cancer (adjusted incidence rate ratio 2.07, 95%CI 1.54–2.79) and kidney cancer (2.97, 1.58–5.58, accounting for the presence of a single kidney in donors). Elevated kidney cancer incidence may reflect adverse processes in donors’ remaining kidney. Nonetheless, cancer risk is lower than in the general population, suggesting that enhanced screening is unnecessary.

The Distribution of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma by Presenting Tumor Stage in the Modern Era.

There is a stage migration for detection of kidney cancer, thus we aim to evaluate the distribution of metastatic renal cell carcinoma by presenting clinical T stage over time. The National Cancer Database was evaluated for patients with metastatic kidney cancer from 2010 to 2016. The primary outcome was the temporal trend of presenting clinical T stage over time. The secondary outcome was overall survival. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed. The incidence of metastatic kidney cancer has increased, from 3426 new cases in 2010 to 4510 in 2016. While diagnosis of metastasis has increased for all tumor stages over time, there has been a more rapid increase in metastasis of localized renal masses (cT1-T2) as compared to locally advanced disease (cT3-T4). In 2010, 46% of the new metastatic cases diagnosed were cT3-T4, while in 2016 this proportion decreased to 38.2%. Conversely, metastatic cases with cT1-T2 tumors increased from 54% in 2010 to 61.9% in 2016. Cox regression noted an increased risk of death correlating with higher clinical T stage. On Kaplan Meier analysis, the 2-year survival was 29.3%, 30.3%, 28.3%, and 16.0% for cT1, cT2, cT3, and cT4, respectively (logrank P < .001). Metastatic kidney cancer is increasingly diagnosed at a lower presenting cT stage. Survival outcomes worsen with increasing cT stage in the setting of metastasis.

Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Kidney Cancer in a Northern Italian Province: An Update to 2020.

Simple SummaryThe aim of this work was to describe the trend of kidney tumors in a province of northern Italy through 25 years of registration. In the period examined, over 2300 patients with kidney cancer (mostly males of advanced age) and over 1200 deaths were registered, without differences between men and women but with significant age differences (12% among younger adults and 80% among the elderly). In men, we observed an increase in cases from 1996 to 2011, then the incidence decreased—probably in relation to the decline in cigarette smoking, which was also confirmed by the decline in lung cancers. Mortality decreased in both men and women, partly due to an earlier diagnosis of the disease and partly due to the availability of more advanced drugs that have made it possible to effectively treat the disease at a more advanced stage. In addition to the decrease in mortality from kidney cancer, we observed an increase in mortality from other causes, in particular from cardiovascular disease, which was also linked to the cardiotoxicity of some treatments. Therefore, along with early diagnosis and effective treatments, careful surveillance of cardiovascular episodes that may develop in these patients must be ensured.The aim of this study was to examine the incidence and mortality trends for tumors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a province of northern Italy. The study included kidney cancers recorded in the period 1996–2020, divided by sex, age, year of incidence and years from diagnosis. The standardized incidence rate was calculated using the European population, and the Annual Percent Change (APC) was reported. In total, 2331 patients with kidney cancers were identified, mainly males (1504 cases) aged 60–79 years (1240 cases). There were 1257 deaths; there were no differences according sex but there were differences according to age (12.1% among younger adults and 80.4% among 80+). The incidence rate increased in males between 1996 and 2011 (APC = 2.3), while the mortality rate decreased in both males (APC = −3.3%) and females (APC = −4.5%). Comparing the same periods, kidney cancer-specific mortality decreased from 81.8% to 43.7%, while in the same period there was an increasing trend for CVD mortality. Moreover, the risk of CVD mortality increased as we moved away from the diagnosis (from 6.2% to 27.5%, p < 0.01). The same trend was observed for other causes of death (from 12.6% to 32.1%, p < 0.01). Thus, a multidisciplinary approach seems necessary during the follow-up and treatments of patients with kidney cancer.