EVALUATION OF TRENDS IN ONCOLOGICAL CARE FOR KIDNEY CANCER IN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Relevance: Worldwide, kidney cancer ranks sixth among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men and 10th in women, accounting
 for 5% and 3% of all cancer diagnoses, respectively. In 2020, IARC reported 431,288 new cases and 179,368 deaths from kidney cancer
 worldwide. By 2040, they expect an increase of 40.4% in kidney cancer incidence (605,726 cases) and 59.4% in kidney cancer mortality
 (285,906 deaths).
 The study aimed to analyze some kidney cancer indicators (incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification)
 to evaluate the oncological care in Kazakhstan in 2010-2019.
 Methods: A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the primary method.
 Results: From 2010 to 2019, 10,966 new cases of kidney cancer and 3,866 deaths from this pathology were registered in Kazakhstan.
 kidney cancer incidence increased from 5.6±0.2%⁰⁰⁰ (2010) to 6.7±0.2%⁰⁰⁰ in 2019 (p=0.000). Over time, mortality rates from kidney
 cancer tended to decrease from 2.6±0.1%⁰⁰⁰ (2010) to 1.9±0.1%⁰⁰⁰ in 2019 (p=0.000). The study reveals a trend: the indicators of early
 diagnosis (the share of patients with stage I-II) improved from 50.7% (2010) to 69.1% in 2019, and, accordingly, the balance of neglected
 patients decreased significantly with stage III (from 31.2% to 14.6%) and with stage IV (from 18.1% to 16.0%). Morphological verification
 indicators for KС improved by 44.7%, from 58.5% and 84.6%, respectively, in 2010 and 2019.
 Conclusion: The increase in kidney cancer incidence dictates further study of cause-and-effect relationships with risk factors for developing effective preventive measures and screening programs.