Kharkiv National University Research Articles

From the Editors

The current issue is larger than the typical issues of Perspectives on Culture. This is primarily related to the theme section, Studies on Eastern Churches Culture within the Borders of the Former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, under the guest editorship of staff members of the Department of Polish-Ukrainian Studies at the Faculty of International and Political Studies of the Jagiellonian University: Associate Prof. Alicja Zofia Nowak, PhD, Professor of the Jagiellonian University, and Associate Prof. Agnieszka Gronek, PhD, Professor of the Jagiellonian University. This section is presented in the Editorial written by the two Professors, and is a continuation of their previous projects on similar topics (2016 and 2019 monograph editions). I would only add that it contains 19 articles written by authors from Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, France and Italy. The section is also complemented by two articles. The first is a short communiqué by Archbishop Ihor Isichenko (V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy) presenting Kharkiv, and more precisely, Kharkiv churches in the first weeks of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The other one is a review of Oleh Bolyuk’s book Wooden sacred artifacts (as based on Ukraine’s western regions) by Agnieszka Gronek (Jagiellonian University).

Activity of the Astronomical Observatory of Kharkiv University and Its Employees during the German–Soviet War (1941–1945)

Activity of the Astronomical Observatory of Kharkiv University and Its Employees during the German–Soviet War (1941–1945)

Activities of the Astronomical Observatory of Kharkiv University and its representatives during the German-Soviet war years (1941—1945)

Activities of the Astronomical Observatory of Kharkiv University and its representatives during the German-Soviet war years (1941—1945)

Chemical composition of essential oils from flowers of veronica Longifolia L., Veronica Incana L. and Veronica Spicata L.

In the Ukrainian flora, species of Veronica L. genus (Plantaginaceae Juss.) are classified into 8 sections. The phytochemical research into secondary metabolites of Veronica L. genus most related to the study of phenolic compounds and iridoids, while terponoids of these species need further research. The chemical profiles of V. longifolia L., V. incana L. and V. spicata L. of Ukrainian flora are poorly studied. Phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, iridoids, saponins, amino acids and organic acids have been reported for these species. Herbs harvested during the flowering stage are often used in the pharmaceutical industry, so the research into chemical composition of essential oils from Veronica species flowers are urgent.
 The aim of this study was a comparative GC/MS study of the chemical composition of essential oils from V. longifolia L., V. incana L. and V. spicata L. flowers of Ukrainian flora.
 Materials and methods. The objects of the research were flowers of Veronica spp. of Pseudolysimachium W.D.J. Koch section, namely V. longifolia L., V. incana L. and V. spicata L., harvested in the Botanical Garden of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The study of the chemical composition of essential oils was carried out by chromatography mass spectrometry on a 6890N MSD/DS Agilent Technologies chromatograph (USA) with a 5973N mass spectrometric detector. The components of essential oils were identified by comparison of the retention indices and mass spectra of phytochemicals in the studied essential oils with the data of NIST02 mass spectral library. The quantification of substances in the raw materials was carried out in comparison with a standard sample of menthol.
 Results. As a result, 72 compounds were detected and quantified. The total content of essential oil in V. longifolia L. flowers was 0.17 % (39 components), the following compounds dominated: benzoacetaldehyde – 8.05, squalene – 5.17, palmitic acid – 15.73, butyl phthalate – 7.18. The total content of essential oil in V. incana L. flowers was 0.15 % (43 components), the following compounds prevailed: squalene 20.47, fatty acids, namely palmitic – 26.88, palmitoleic – 17.15, oleic – 11.61. The total content of the essential oil in V. spicata L. flowers was 0.11 % (43 components), the following compounds dominated: squalene – 5.53, fatty acids: palmitic – 22.78, linoleic – 6.72, carbohydrates: heptacosan – 12.27, hexacosan – 7.45. Among the identified compounds, mono-, norsesqui-, sesqui-, di- and triterpenoids, their oxidation products (aromatic compounds, aldehydes and alcohols, ketones), fatty acids, hydrocarbons and their derivatives were detected.
 Conclusions. The chemical composition of essential oils from flowers of V. longifolia L., V. incana L. and V. spicata L. from Ukrainian flora was first studied by means of chromatography mass spectrometry. The yield of essential oil from V. longifolia L. flowers is higher (0.17 %) compared to those from flowers of V. incana L. (0.15 %) and V. spicata L. (0.11 %). Among the identified compounds terpenoids, aromatic compounds, their oxidation products, fatty acids and their esters, hydrocarbons were detected.
 The study of biologically active substances in essential oils from Veronica species flowers expands the scientific data on the chemical composition of these species and gives background for the further development of medicinal products, their standardization and understanding of their pharmacological activity

Specifics of practical training of geography students in a remote format

The purpose of the article is to highlight specifics and give recommendations for practical training of geography students in a remote format based on the teacher experience at the Department of Physical Geography and Cartography at V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The main material. Long-term and meaningful practical training is an integral part of geographers training at the Department of Physical Geography and Cartography. However, since the summer of 2020, we conducted almost all field training of the Department remotely, initially due to the COVID-19 pandemic, currently – due to military operations. The article reveals the specifics of the educational natural science training of the first-year students and the professionally oriented educational training of the second-year students in this format. Remote organization of practical training involves daily synchronous activities in the format of a video conference, followed by questions for self-examination and self-monitoring. The first preparatory step for teachers was the transformation of typical training routes into the format of online lectures and online demonstrations. The second one was the implementation of new types of independent work of students, such as visual analysis of remote sensing data for the Carpathian region, development of training routes through the Carpathians, preparation of reports with presentations about significant objects of the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine. If lectures are the component of practical training that has significantly improved with the transition to a remote format, then online demonstrations have appeared to be difficult to organize. The main inconvenience during the war is the difficulty or impossibility of finding a physical object adequate for educational purposes within the teacher’s reach and accessing the Internet connection in the area. According to our experience, only the hydrological section of the first-year students’ practical training seemed convenient in this regard. In particular, during the practical training in 2022, students 15 mastered the process of measuring physical characteristics and performing water chemical express test using educational and scientific equipment. Conclusions and further research. It is impossible to transfer the practical training of geography students only to a remote format, because many aspects such as field training, ‘live’ communication between students and teachers, the group fieldwork is lost in this way. If the tasks of the preparatory and cameral stages of the practical training are well adapted to distance learning, the direct field study of natural objects using devices is a unique educational experience that has no full analogues. Nevertheless, if the teachers have to conduct the practical training in the online mode, there are ways to improve this component of the educational process such as involving various media materials, organizing synchronous online demonstrations, using interesting tasks for independent work of students, and making all stages of the practical training interactive.

Features of foreign competency formation when preparing for international language exams at the School of Foreign Languages

The article is devoted to the study of the structure of international language exams on example of the PEIC (PTE) test by “Pearson plc” which can be taken at the International Language Certification Centre of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Special attention is paid to the necessity to make appropriate changes to the current Educational Curriculum of English as the major for students of the pedagogical (philological) and translation studies departments. The methodological basis of the study includes general scientific methods, special attention is paid to the case method, because the authors have experience in organizing, compiling and training for international language exams. This paper aims at presenting a range of tasks of PEIC (PTE) and guidelines for adjusting the current Educational Curriculum as well as the process of potential implementation into the framework of the Educational Curriculum exercises that can condition success in passing international exams. The object matters of the research are peculiar tasks of the international language exam PEIC (PTE) as well as exercises from the textbooks of the School of Foreign Languages which make up the body of empirical material comprising 104 units. The subject matter of analysis was the character of these exercises. The topicality of the work is accounted for by lack of comprehensive scientific research in this area in Ukraine as it is intensified by the significant interest of senior students in obtaining an international certificate. The study found that the PEIC (PTE) exam has two main structural elements: written and oral ones. Thus, their integration into the current Educational Curriculum is proposed in this study by offering some adjustments to the aspects of "Oral Practice" and "Analytical Reading" while teaching at the School.

Ionospheric effects from rocket launches against the background of geospace storms

Ionospheric effects accompanying launches and maneuvering system thruster firings of large rockets have been studied for about 60 years. Fairly complete and adequate models of generation and propagation of disturbances, which are caused by launches and maneuvering system thruster firings of large rockets in the Earth–atmosphere–ionosphere–magnetosphere (EAIM) system, are absent at present. It turns out a number of physical effects during ionospheric storms and rocket launches are similar. Therefore, the presence of ionospheric storm significantly complicates the search for the ionospheric response to the spacecraft launches. The aim of this study is to describe the results of observation of the ionospheric processes that accompanied rocket launches and maneuvering system thruster firings against the background of ionospheric storms. To analyze the measurements, observational data of the state of the ionosphere before, at the time, and after Soyuz and Proton rocket launches from the Baikonur cosmodrome (the Republic of Kazakhstan) were used. Observations were made at the Radiophysical Observatory of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (near Kharkiv city, Ukraine). The Doppler vertical sounding radar was used for the measurements. Observations were made during solar cycle 24 (2009—2021). The number of the Soyuz rocket launches is 81, and 53 launches of the Proton rocket. Identification of the ionospheric response to the launch and maneuvering system thruster firings of a large rocket 2000 km away from the observation site against the background of a geospace storm by the Doppler method is usually possible at Kpmax   5, and at its larger values is very complicated or even impossible. In a number of cases, even though Kpmax = 4 the determination of the ionospheric response is complicated. To increase the detection reliability of the response to the launch and maneuvering system thruster firings of the rocket, the Doppler radar has to operate on a number of frequencies in the frequency range from 1.5...2 to 4…6 MHz. The existence of several groups of horizontal apparent speeds of disturbance propagation is confirmed: 1.7...3 km and more, 700...1000, 300...700, 150...260 m/s.

Analysis of the progress of simulation training in the molding readiness of future doctors to practical activity

The article substantiates that the competence approach and the resulting paradigm in higher medical education can be ensured through the implementation of effective pedagogical technologies that will direct the efforts of future specialists to self-development and self-improvement in professional activity, based on the acquired theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The content of simulation technologies and the experience of their application in the world and domestic educational space are considered. An analysis of the use of the "standardized patient" method was carried out on the example of training conducted with students of the 6th year at the Department of Surgical Diseases of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The ethics, effectiveness, and value of involving the simulation practice "standardized patient" both during practicing the practical skills of future doctors and during the certification assessment were analyzed. The expediency of introducing simulation technologies into educational programs in the medical direction is substantiated, in particular when training specialists in order to increase the level of professionalism of future specialists in the field of health care. Conclusions were made about the perspective and expediency of further research in the direction of the introduction of simulation technologies as one of the aspects of active learning and control. The basis for this is the appropriate level of theoretical knowledge, which allows expanding the range of practical interaction of future specialists and raising the level of professionalism in the branch of health care. Conclusions were made about the perspective and expediency of further research in the direction of the introduction of simulation technologies as one of the aspects of active learning and control. The basis for this is the appropriate level of theoretical knowledge, which allows expanding the range of practical interaction of future specialists and raising the level of professionalism in the branch of health care.

Ravenna letters of Fedir Schmit from the collection of manuscripts of the Central Library of the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University

Purpose of the article. The article represents an analysis and publication of the letters of Kharkiv University professor Fedir Shmit (1877–1937?) held in the manuscript collection of the Central Academic Library of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Methodologically, the study is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity and employs a variety of special historical methods, including chronological, comparative, and the method of internal and external source criticism. Academic originality. Fedir Shmit’s letters to his fiancée Pavla Shper from the library of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, dating to March 1904, are published for the first time. The author analyzes the contents of the scholar’s personal correspondence and the importance of his study of Byzantine artifacts and monuments in Ravenna, undertaken in March 1904, for his subsequent work. Conclusions. The article outlines the significance of Fedir Shmit’s letters from the CAL collection both for reconstructing the scholar’s biography and for assessing his contribution to Byzantinology. Personal correspondence throws light on Shmit’s study of Byzantine remains in Ravenna, the results of which are presented in the works of his Kharkiv period. The author deciphers the letters and provides commentary on individual fragments. The article represents the first publication of Fedor Shmidt’s manuscript legacy preserved in Kharkiv’s libraries and archives.

Large Families in a Risk Society: from Normativity to Deviance

The article examines the phenomenon of large families from the perspective of modernity, namely the transition of large families from the position of establishing social order, from the position of normativity to the position of deviation and the gradual reduction of this type of family. The theoretical basis of the work is the theory of social systems by Niklas Luhmann, which is used to analyze the large family as an element of the "family" system, as a process of communication "before" and "after", as an independent system. It is emphasized that a large family can be considered as a self-referential, autopoietic system. It is noted that communication is an operation of the social system. In view of the latter, the empirical part of the article analyzes the results of the sociological study "Modern Kharkiv Family in the Dimension of Sociology" conducted in May-July 2020 by the staff of the Faculty of Sociology of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Particular attention is paid to the processes of internal and external communication of representatives of large families. Based on the analysis of empirical information, it is proved that in a modern risk society, such as Ukrainian society, large families are an element of social risk. The author concludes that there is a possibility of a decrease in the number of large families, which will undoubtedly affect the deterioration of the already difficult demographic situation in modern Ukrainian society. The author identifies areas for further research and publications on the selected issues.

Formation of readiness of future officers of institutions of the SDSU, who specialize in practical shooting for competitive activities in simulated pedagogical conditions

According to the results of the analysis of scientific-methodical, special and reference literature, the members of the research group established, that the issue of comprehensive support of the system of long-term training of cadets of higher military educational institutions of the security and defense sector of Ukraine, specializing in practical shooting for competitive activities – insufficient number of scientific and methodical works is devoted, which requires further scientific research and emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of research. The main purpose of the study is to develop and test the pedagogical conditions for the formation of readiness of cadets of the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine (NANGU) and Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs (KhNUIA), who specialize in practical shooting for competitive activities. The following methods were used in the study (at the empirical level): abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction (deduction), modeling, mathematical and statistical (correlation analysis, factor analysis), etc. As a result of empirical research, members of the research group developed and tested the pedagogical conditions for the formation of readiness of NANGU and KhNUIA cadets, who specialize in practical shooting for competitive activities. According to the results of mathematical and statistical processing of the available array of digital data, it was found that the proposed pedagogical conditions contributed to improving the accuracy of shots by cadets Eg from different samples of small arms during the practice of shooting exercises. In addition, the representatives of Eg in contrast to the cadets of Eg more energetically developed skills of tactical movement in the simulated conditions of training and combat activities. In turn, the emphasis on the use of physical and special physical training in combination with a set of applied shooting exercises helped to increase the success rate of fire training in the representatives of Eg in contrast to the studied cadets Kg. Prospects for further research in the chosen area of scientific intelligence include determining the essential characteristics of the readiness of future officers of the National Guard of Ukraine to use anti-tank missile system "Stugna-P" in different conditions of combat (operational) activities.

Документальне зібрання Науково-дослідного інституту астрономії Харківського національного університету імені В. Н. Каразіна як джерельна база з історії розвитку астрономічної науки

The article is devoted to the topic of representative analysis of archival documents of the history of astronomical science from the period the end of the XIX – the fi rst half of XX century. The purpose of the work is to summarize the results of a complex historical and scientifi c research of the information potential and the content of the retro-informative materials of the documentary collection of the Institute of Astronomy of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University during a certain period. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historicism, objectivity and a systematic approach to the study of the problem. General scientifi c (historical, comparative, retrospective) and special methods (historical-biographical, historical-systemic, problem-chronological and methods of source analysis) have been used to solve specifi c problems which allowed the complex investigation and analysis of new factual material. Scientifi c novelty. For the fi rst time the information on the composition and content of the documentary collection of the of the Institute of Astronomy of the end of the XIX – the fi rst half of XX century was analyzed; its information potential and order of access to archival primary sources are characterized. It is revealed that the documentary collection of the Institute of Astronomy is a valuable and suffi ciently informative source for reproducing the facts of the history of astronomy in Kharkiv at a certain period, which will signifi cantly supplement the source base of research on the history of domestic and European astronomy. Prospects for further research. Since the vast majority of documents from the reviewed massif have not actually been put into scientifi c circulation, it is planned to continue work on scientifi c and technical development of documentary collection and research of archival information, in particular, in preparation of the advanced scientifi c and research work on the history of astronomy in Kharkiv at the end of XIX – the fi rst half of XX century.

THE MODEL OF COMPETITIVE GRADUATION AS PART OF A DISTANCE LEARNING SYSTEM

The article deals with the use of process simulation modeling in distance education system. In particular, it proposes a generalized mathematical model of the behavior of an enterprise operating in a competitive market, and discusses one of the components of this model in detail. The generalized model is represented by a number of blocks, each of which is responsible for a particular production function of the enterprise. Among them are such blocks as "Production system", which transforms inputs into finished products; "Market" block, which implements a certain set of pricing rules (fixed, intended by producer or competitive) and forms demand and sales volumes taking into account consumer behavior; "Production development" block, which implements rules of production development depending on investment volumes, increasing funds, increasing technical and professional level; "Labor resources" block, which is responsible for the number of employees in the enterprise. All these components interact with each other, each of them has a set of adjustable parameters. Part of these parameters can be fixed, which allows you to get a set of local models, that is, consider the characteristics of the enterprise from different angles. In the paper, the basis was focused on working with a variant of the model called "Competitive output". According to the features of this model, the production function of the enterprise implements fixed mechanisms for calculating the volume of production, the dynamics of labor resources, labor force, the volume of investment. The main control parameter is the distribution of received resources between the consumption and development of the enterprise (carried out with the help of the normative). According to the entered values at each stage of modeling the system calculates the possible volumes of production, coordinates them with the demand, forms the current cost price of production taking into account technical level and characteristics of labor resources and thus offers the available volume of funds for further distribution. The purpose of working with the model is to reach the maximum level of consumption by means of rational allocation of resources with sustainable development of production up to the specified level. In the article the behavior of the Competitive Output model has been investigated and general recommendations on the choice of resource allocation strategy to achieve the optimal result have been given. The described model is implemented as a part of the remote system, which is used in teaching courses at the Kharkiv National University of Municipal Economy. Application of modeling tools in combination with traditional methods of e-learning has confirmed their high efficiency.

Adult education under uncertainty: encouragement, motivation, tendencies : XX International Scientific and Practical Conference, Kharkiv, 11 February 2022

The proceedings of the XX International Scientific and Practical Conference “Adult education under uncertainty: encouragement, motivation, tendencies” held on 11 February 2022, at Kharkiv University of Humanities “People’s Ukrainian Academy” include a variety of articles on the issues of adult education under uncertainty investigating the concept of “adult learning” and its modern interpretations. The collected articles highlight the global trends and Ukrainian peculiarities of educational programmes for adults; national strategies, models, and best practices of adult education; academic paths for adult learners: learning organization and plotting; priorities, and areas of education for older adult learners, and major challenges and barriers to their development. Special attention is paid to the conceptual foundations and priorities of andragogy.

Fyodor Ivanovich INOZEMTSEV - Professor, founder of the Moscow Society of Russian Doctors. To the 220th of birthday

Fyodor Inozemtsev was born on February 24, 1802 in the family of a manor manager in the village of Belkino, Kaluga province. In 1814, after the death of his father, F.I. Inozemtsev moved to his older brother, a student of the medical faculty of Kharkiv University, Egor. At the age of 12, Fyodor studied first at a college, then at a gymnasium, and after completing preparatory courses, he entered the verbal faculty of Kharkiv University to study at the state expense, although he initially aspired to the medical faculty. Protesting against studying at the Faculty of Words, he skips classes, becomes the "first hooligan" and for re-education is sent as a history teacher to the Kursk province, where he also teaches arithmetic, geometry and German. In 1826, F.I. Inozemtsev was already studying medicine at the 2nd year of Kharkov, and after that - Dorpat University. A good knowledge of the German language in which the teaching is conducted distinguishes him from other students. The famous surgeon Nikolai Yellinsky, considering that F.I. Inozemtsev has an unconditional "operator talent" already in the 3rd year allows him to perform his first operation - amputation of the lower leg. In 1833, Fyodor Ivanovich defended his doctoral dissertation and went on an internship abroad. Since 1835, F.I. Inozemtsev has been an extraordinary, and in 1937 an ordinary professor of surgery at Moscow University. In 1839-1840 F.I. Inozemtsev studied medicine in Germany, France, Italy, after which he created his own free clinic. He was one of the reformers of the educational system (1840-1860): he prepared a new modern training program for practical surgery (1850), was one of the first in the country to lecture on topographic anatomy; developed a course of eye diseases; created the first faculty surgical clinic in Russia at Moscow University (1846). Fedor Inozemtsev was a very popular doctor, who treated over 6 thousand patients a year. F.I. Inozemtsev performed the operation under general ether anesthesia for the first time in the country; Russian Russian doctor proposed to use a setting for treatment, the recipe of which has been used for more than 100 years; was the organizer of the Congress of Russian doctors, the founder of the Society of Russian Doctors in Moscow (1861); created the Moscow Medical Newspaper (1858-1878). Fyodor Ivanovich advocated that the surgeon should be a therapist at the same time. F.I. Inozemtsev author of 3-x monographs and 33 scientific articles, the founder of the medical school, whose prominent representatives were I.M. Sechenov, S.P. Botkin, G. A. Zakharin, N.V. Sklifosovsky and others. Inozemtsev was awarded the rank of state councilor with seniority, the Orders of St. Anna of the 2nd and 3rd degrees, St. Stanislav of the 2nd degree. In 1859, F.I. Inozemtsev retired due to deteriorating health, but in 1864 he was elected an honorary member of Moscow University. F.I. Inozemtsev died on August 6, 1869 and was buried in the famous cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery. The historian Pyotr Ivanovich Bartenev wrote about Fyodor Ivanovich: "A useful professor, a skilled doctor, a well-meaning citizen, a kind man, an ever-memorable friend of mankind."

EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF STUDENTS’ WORK WITH DIGITAL LEARNING ECOSYSTEMS

The application of digital ecosystems to various activity types is an objective reality. One of the areas of activity that is currently undergoing a stage of active digitalisation is the educational system. As a result, a separate segment of digital ecosystems appeared − the digital learning ecosystem. The essential issues in the operation of digital learning ecosystems are the learner’s efficiency and safety when interacting with them. This issue has become relevant due to the recent transition to a remote learning mode because control of the effectiveness and safety of interaction with the digital learning ecosystem has decreased. Thus, the paper puts forward a hypothesis: the efficiency and safeness of a student’s work with a digital learning ecosystem in a remote work depend on three components: the level of digital competence; ergonomics of the digital learning ecosystem; ergonomic organisation of the workplace. An experiment was carried out to research the hypothesis. The students in the first year of studying the bachelor’s qualification level from the Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics took part. The Personal Learning Systems was chosen as the studied object. The hypothesis got confirmation during the study. In addition, a heuristic model of student interaction with a digital learning ecosystem was proposed based on the results. According to the model, teaching students such interdisciplinary sciences as cognitive and organisational ergonomics and building an individual learning trajectory will increase the effectiveness of students’ interaction with digital learning ecosystems.

Methodology of human-geographical researches: contemporary approaches and methods

Problem Statement. Human geography is a science that responds extremely quickly to the new today's demands and challenges. Thanks to the multiplier effect, it has the opportunity to be integrated into a powerful range of contemporary unresolved scientific issues and to propose its approaches to their study and solution based on the robust methodology and development of new research tools. A qualitative new development level of human geography as science in Ukraine and the world requires urgently general rethinking of the prerequisites, goals, and methods of scientific research, the question of the relationship between theoretical and empirical ones in scientific papers. The triune complex "society-nature-economy" and the study of the peculiarities of their interrelationships and contradictions form a wide range of opportunities for human-geographical research. Research Methodology. The article uses the methods of analysis, synthesis, and dialectical method. The authors have summarized and described the set of original methods of human geography, revealed contemporary approaches and substantiated the peculiarities of the methods of researching the development trajectory of the human-geographical objects, multidimensional spatial analysis and multidimensional classification, spatial interaction of social and geographical objects (IFI modeling), developed and tested by the scientists of the Department of Human Geography and Regional Studies of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. This paper aims to highlight the methodological foundations of human-geographical research, reveal modern approaches and substantiate the human-geographical approach, and consider the content and features of the use of original methods of human-geographical research. In particular, the coverage of methodological approaches and justification of the human-geographical approach and disclosure of new methods of spatial analysis of the human-geographical process: the study of the spatial interaction of the human-geographical objects (IFI-modelling) and the study of social and geographical systems in the normalized multidimensional space. Results. The paper describes in detail the possibilities of using original human-geographical methods to solve contemporary issues. A detailed analysis of the application of these methods allows scientists and researchers to use and solve similar or other types of problems effectively. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The paper presents an exhaustive set of original methods for spatial analysis of the territory and provides an algorithm for their use. The authors provided various human-geographical research areas and tested the original methods.

Development of a comprehensive method for the dermatoscopic images analysis of the facial skin with acne

Background: One of the most common inflammatory chronic and recurrent skin diseases is acne (“acne vulgaris”), which appears itself as open or closed comedones and inflammatory skin lesions in the form of papules, pustules, nodes, etc. It has been established that acne is one of the most common dermatoses, since, according to modern data, it affects about 9.4% of the population. During adolescence, up to 90% of people suffer, and in adulthood — about 20% with varying degrees of severity. Currently, there are many approaches to treating this disease through various cosmetic treatments such as phototherapy, ultrasonic skin cleansing, Mesotherapy, chemical peels, and medication. Therefore, the development of methods and means of differential diagnosis of acne is one of the urgent tasks in the field of biomedical engineering, dermatology, and clinical medicine, since this allows timely identification of the localization of the disease, its causes, and prescribing appropriate treatment. However, the solution to the problem of monitoring the dynamics of external manifestations of the disease is possible only with the use of combined mathematical methods for image analysis. Objectives: To develop a comprehensive method for analyzing dermatoscopic images for monitoring the external manifestations of acne disease during treatment and isolating the affected areas of the facial skin. Materials and Methods: Dermatological preclinical researches of the skin were conducted in the laboratory of 3D-biomedical technologies of the Department of Biomedical Engineering of the Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, using a digital videodermatoscope BIO Bm6+ in daylight and a portable skin analyzer Skin Scope F-102 in the ultraviolet range. Clinical researches were conducted based on the Department of Pediatric Propaedeutics #2 of the Kharkiv National Medical University. The development of a software tool for image analysis was conducted out in Python programming using the libraries OpenCV, Scikit-image, Numpy, PIL, Mathplotlib. Determination of the affected skin areas and calculation of the parameters of inflammation were carried out using multi-Otsu methods and morphological segmentation of digital dermatoscopic images. Results: During the research, automated software was developed that allows to analyze in dynamics the nature of inflammatory processes and the area of facial skin lesions, as well as to carry out a differential diagnosis of acne disease. The proposed method for the analysis of dermatoscopic images makes it possible to perform color segmentation and obtain a map of the gradations of skin inflammations to control the dynamics during the prescribed treatment. Conclusions: The comprehensive method of analysis of dermatoscopic images of the skin of the face makes it possible to effectively control the condition of the skin of the face from acne during treatment, while analyzing the degree of inflammatory processes and the area of lesions, where, using the developed software, in an automated mode, red gradations are calculated to detect the boundaries of inflammation, geometric parameters and percentage of lesions in relation to healthy facial skin.

Formation and development of the language training methodology for foreign students at classical universities. Part 2. Teaching students of language specialties

The article continues the series of scientific and methodological studies on the formation and development of the language training methodology for foreign students at classical universities. In the first part of the research, published last year, the authors analyzed the development of language training conceptual foundations for foreign students of different specialties, as well as history, principles, and features of language education of foreign students of non-philological specialties by the example of the Language Training Department 1 of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. For this group of students, a foreign language is primarily a means of learning and mastering their future specialty. For foreign students of philological specialties, a language is not only a means but also a study goal that involves, besides language proficiency, knowledge of its phonetic, grammatical and lexical structure, mastering various stylistic means, knowledge of modern linguistic concepts, and familiarity with foreign language fiction. The article presents an analysis of the development of scientific and methodological principles for training foreign philological students and illustrates the main directions of their practical implementation by the Language Training Department 1 of the Institute of International Education for Study and Research of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. There was applied a systematic analysis of scientific achievements regarding the teaching of future philologists and its methodological implementation. The authors studied the directions of scientific research and the aspects of educational and methodological activities developed for the implementation of the professionally oriented teaching within non-native sociocultural and educational environments. The result of the systemic analysis is an overview of dissertations in philology, methodological research dedicated to future philologists, specialists in language, literature, and translation as well as teaching aids and textbooks for the above-mentioned group. The authors based their research on the concept of foreign students’ language education and the structure of the modern educational paradigm presented in the previous article of the series. The article examines the influence of the competence approach on the creation of curricula and syllabi for foreign philological students of the first and second levels of higher education and on the way of developing all components of students’ communicative competence.

SCIENTIFIC WAY OF M.P. KOSACH, ONE OF THE FIRST UKRAINIAN METEOROLOGISTS

Introduction. Setting objectives. The urgency of the work is due to the fact that in connection with the celebration of the 150th anniversary of Lesya Ukrainka in Ukraine and around the world last year, increased attention was paid to studying the general contribution of the Kosach family to national science and social progress. A little-known page in the history of the Kosach family is the field of scientific activity of Lesya Ukrainka's older brother, Mykhailo Petrovich Kosach, who was a physicist, meteorologist, specialized in atmospheric optics and had significant achievements in this field. Purpose of the article. Therefore, the aim of the work was a detailed study of the life and scientific path of MP Kosach, his scientific achievements in the field of meteorology and atmospheric physics, his contribution to the formation of meteorological science in Ukraine.
 Results of the research: 1) Contribution of MP Kosach in the development of meteorological science in Ukraine can be divided into three main components: a) teaching activities in the field: work at the departments of Dorpat (Tartu), Kharkiv University, teaching at St. George's Women's Gymnasium, Veterinary Institute, School of Technical Society (Kharkov). Teaching courses in physics, mathematics, general meteorology, electrostatics, electromagnetism, mechanical thermal theory; b) research, works, inventions: published about 20 works in the field of atmospheric optics, meteorology, atmospheric physics, translated into Russian fundamental European works on meteorology, developed prototypes of automated instruments for measuring wind, X-ray machine. Defense of master's and dissertation works on atmospheric optics; c) organization of a stationary meteorological network: MP Kosach organized the work of an exemplary meteorological station at the All-Russian Exhibition (1896), and later improved the work of the first university meteorological station in the Kharkiv region. The project of the meteorological network for Slobozhanshchyna developed by him was implemented after the scientist's death.
 2) Research performed by MP Kosach addressed such areas in meteorology as atmospheric optics, atmospheric physics, atmospheric electricity, aerodynamics, actinometry, design and improvement of meteorological instruments (electric tomograph, continuous integrator of wind power and speed). The main scientific achievements of MP Kosach in the field of meteorological science is associated with the period of his work at Kharkiv University as a private associate professor of physics and meteorology (1901 - 1903).
 3) According to the analysis of scientific heritage MP Kosach has developed an interactive map and a number (https://bit.ly/2Ttw9FI) of chronological tables that can be used in the educational process to promote information about the scientist.
 The scientific novelty of this study is a detailed analysis of the contribution of MP Kosach in the development of meteorology in Ukraine and the development of author's information materials (interactive map, tables), which will promote information about the outstanding Ukrainian scientist.
 Practical significance: thus, the scientific heritage of MP Kosach, as one of the first Ukrainian meteorologists, deserves further detailed study and popularization, because it was undeservedly forgotten in the past, and is still little known to the general public and even specialists in the field of geographical sciences. The interactive map and chronological tables developed by the authors will allow to carry out such popularization among all those interested in the study of scientific development of natural branches in Ukraine.
 Keywords: Kosach MP, history of meteorology, atmospheric optics, actinometry, stationary network of meteorological stations.