Kharkiv National University Research Articles

History, modernity and future of the department "Water supply, sewerage and hydraulics" in KHNUCEA

The article highlights the main stages of formation and development of the Department of Water Supply, Sewerage and Hydraulics of the Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture (then Kharkiv Civil Engineering Institute). At the beginning of its founding it was called as "Water Supply, Sewerage and Sanitation". ‘
 The information on the heads of the department is given. Famous graduates are mentioned, who later became famous scientists, production organizers, managers of utilities and construction companies.
 It is noted that during the existence of the department its employees have published a significant number of works of scientific and scientific-methodical nature, including monographs and textbooks, received copyright certificates and patents of Ukraine and other countries.
 It is emphasized that during all the years the training of young specialists at the department was carried out not only for our country, but also for more than 30 countries. Currently, students are trained at the first (bachelor's) and second (master's) levels by highly qualified scientists and specialists with many years of pedagogical, scientific and industrial experience in specialties 192 "Construction and Civil Engineering" professional direction "Water Supply and Sewerage" and 194 "Hydraulic Construction, water engineering and water technologies". Moreover, close partnership with the leading enterprises in Kharkiv had provided an opportunity to open department branches, which helps to practice for students at a high level.
 The main directions of scientific activity, which are embodied in the implementation of state budget and economic-contractual works, are shown. At the same time, significant work is carried out at the department for the training of highly qualified specialists, which allows the staff of the department to maintain the optimal composition of experience and youth.
 An important component of the department is international cooperation with universities and scientific or industrial enterprises in other countries.
 Perspective ways of the department for future are shown.

KNUCEA – a modern center of architectural and civil engineering sciences of Northeastern region of Ukraine

The article is dedicated to the relevant issue of history of the formation of a modern center of architectural and civil engineering sciences that Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture is in the Northeastern region of Ukraine.
 The main stages of forming the areas of scientific inquiry during many decades are reviewed. Main directions of research undertaken by university’s scientists are covered. Author highlighted the main existing scientific schools and their scientific achievements. A special attention is provided to the training of specialists of highest category by post-graduate and doctoral study.

STF: Through the prism of time together with KhNUCEA

In this article the historical stages, development and reorganization of the Sanitary Technical Faculty, as the main structural unit at the Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, are shown. Attention is paid to modern scientists and those who created our faculty. The article considers issues related to international cooperation in the educational sector. Today, for competitiveness in the market of educational services, international cooperation needs to be strengthened as an important factor in the integration of the education system into the European and global educational space. It describes how the education of teenagers is carried out, and also reflects some methods of conducting educational work at the faculty. The strategic goal of educational and upbringing activity is determined as the formation of a highly qualified specialist on the principles of the best achievements of domestic and world science. Also, the article concisely presents the forms and methods of work with student self-government, the features of its organization at the Sanitary Technical Faculty and its role in the university management.

FEM. The path of transformation and development

The article is devoted to the celebration of the 90th anniversary of the Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture. The Faculty of Economics and Management (FEM) has been one of the main structural divisions of the university for over 25 years.
 The article describes the most significant stages in the development and formation of the faculty from the moment of its creation in 1994 to the present. The faculty was created thanks to the new economic relations in the state, the development of the market and entrepreneurship, the widespread dissemination of IT technologies and the need to train management personnel.
 Historical information about the former heads of the faculty N. Pasechnik, V. Zadriboroda, D. Cherednik, as well as the development of the structure of the faculty, its departments and specialties is given.
 The data on the faculty's international cooperation, the participation of its scientists in international projects, start-ups, conferences, student exchange programs and internships in the European Union, publishing are given.
 Over the years of its existence, the faculty has trained and graduated more than 3000 specialists in a number of areas of economic activity. In addition to the citizens of Ukraine, students from more than 12 countries of the near and far abroad studied at the faculty.
 It also shows the main directions of scientific activity of the faculty scientists, the effectiveness of the work of graduate school, personnel policy. Today, 49 candidates and 10 doctors of sciences work at the faculty, most of whom are graduates of the faculty's specialties.
 The article provides a number of examples of innovative activities of faculty departments: the introduction of new specialties, joint projects, startups, the creation of public organizations. It is shown that the preparation of students today is carried out according to 10 educational programs of bachelor's, master's and doctoral studies.
 Information is given on the basics of practice and branches of departments, a description of the material and technical base, laboratories, computer classes is given. The main directions of educational work at the faculty are shown.
 In conclusion, a roadmap is presented for the development of the faculty, improving the scientific potential, material and technical base.

КHIBI – KHDTUBA – KHUBA: 90 years of history

2020 is a jubilee year for Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture. The article is devoted to the analysis and presentation of the main pages of the University history. Emphasis is placed on the causes and peculiarities of the events that are connected with the foundation of the building institute in 1930. Among the basic stages of history, the attention is drawn to its creation and importance of preparation of qualified personnel of builders and architects during industrialization; features of work of institute during the Second World War and during post-war restoration; rapid development of KHIBI in 1950th – opening of new specialities and formation of scientific schools, expansion of a contingent of students, including the beginning of preparation of foreign listeners is marked. In the following decades there was a steady development and expansion of the structure of the university, cooperation with foreign higher educational institutions, introduction of scientific achievements of teachers of the institute into production. At the time of Ukraine's independence, new tendencies in higher education (humanization of the scientific process, introduction of new methods of teaching and control of students' knowledge, activation of research work in accordance with the requirements of national and world science, etc.) are being implemented – granting the status of a university, and later the status of a national university. The author notes the main achievements of the University during the leadership of each of the directors / rectors of KHIBI – KHTUBA – KHNUBA. The prospects of KHIBI development are determined by its high status of a higher educational institution in the architectural and construction area of modern Ukraine and the potential of its staff. At the end of the article it is concluded that the university has an outstanding history, which was created by teachers, scientists, employees, students and graduates of the university, each of whom made a significant contribution to the achievements of our Alma Mater.

Review of the lappet moths’ collection (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) of the Museum of Nature of the Vasyl Karazin Kharkiv National University

Complete annotated list of lappet moths (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) of the collection of the Museum of Nature of the Vasyl Karazin Kharkiv National University is given in the article. The material was collected mostly on the territory of Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. In addition, single specimens from Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Hungary, Israel, and Tanzania are there. The collection consists of 659 specimens of 50 species of lappet moths. The half of lappet moths are the part of the butterflies’ assemblage of well-known collector A. S. Lisetskyi, that fully deposited in the Museum of Nature of the Vasyl Karazin Kharkiv National University.

Maxim SemenovichSubbotin – the founder of asepsis and antiseptics in Russia, an outstanding surgeon, scientist, inventor, teacher

Abstract. Brief biographical information about Maxim SemenovichSubbotin, the founder of aseptic and antiseptic in Russia, is provided. In 1884, M.S. Subbotin heads the Department of Surgical Pathology at Kharkov University. In addition to scientific and pedagogical activities, he will devote a lot of time to the organizational issues of the clinic. He uses the surgical department of a military hospital as a clinical base for training students at Kharkov University. In addition to the course of surgical pathology with desmurgy, he also conducts a course of surgical surgery, and since 1887, a parallel course of the faculty surgical clinic. However, teaching and scientific work in a small clinic (25 beds) could not satisfy Maxim Semenovich, since by this time he had formed into a major surgeon and scientist, ready for wide surgical and scientific activities. Becoming the head of the Department of Surgical Pathology of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy (1890) M.S. Subbotin began its reorganization according to the requirements of asepsis. He organized a new dressing room, the walls and ceilings of which were painted with light oil paint, the floor is covered with ceramic tiles.An operating unit began to function, consisting of two operating rooms, a sterilization room, a bathroom and a material room. A laboratory was established to conduct research and control operations. The clinic strictly and sequentially carried out sterilization of instruments, dressings, processing of the surgical field. M.S. Subbotin studied the effect of carbolic acid on the body, used it to treat wounds. He created his own tent for operations, invented a sterilizer oven, a catgut sterilizer with dry steam, an autoclave, and hemorrhoidal forceps. M.S. Subbotin invented a drainage pump for the treatment of purulent cavities, first made thoracoplasty with pleural empyema. He introduced aseptic and antiseptic into surgical practice. Created a scientific surgical school: P.I. Bukhman, S.S. Girgolav, L.V. Orlov, N.N. Petrov, N.A. Schegolev and others

Profesor Ignacy Daniłowicz i jego spuścizna paleograficzna. Uwagi na marginesie transliteracji „Latopisca Litwy i Kroniki Ruskiej”

Pochodzący z Podlasia XIX-wieczny uczony, profesor Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego, a następnie kolejno Charkowskiego, Kijowskiego oraz Moskiewskiego, Ignacy Daniłowicz pozostawił po sobie bogatą i wartościową spuściznę naukową. Prawnik i historyk z wykształcenia, przejawiał też niemałe zdolności językoznawcy i paleografa zafascynowanego językiem ruskich dokumentów do dziejów Litwy. Pracę z nimi niewątpliwie ułatwiała mu znajomość podlaskiej mowy. Główna uwaga w tekście skupiona została na sposobach transponowania na alfabet łaciński Latopisu supraskiego, który powstał na początku XVI wieku jako tekst cyrylicki. Analiza zastosowanych przez Daniłowicza rozwiązań w zakresie transliterowania samogłosek i spółgłosek pokazała dobre opanowanie warsztatu paleografa mimo braku przygotowania językoznawczego.

The contribution of Kharkiv University scientists to the development of historical and legal science (first half of the XIX century)

In the article, the author, based on the methodological principles of historicism, objectivity, systematics, explored the specific achievements of Kharkiv University scientists, who worked in the first half of the XIX century, in the formation and development of science History of State and Law. Their scientific works, in accordance with the main trend in the genesis of this science at that time, were centered around the law of Kyiv Rus and, in particular, the content of the Rus’ka Pravda (Russian Truth). This area of their activity is studied insufficiently in the scientific literature, both domestic and foreign. This is due to the fact that the main contribution to the development of these issues was made in the second half of the XIX century – then a significant number of works on this topic was published, which provided an opportunity for their systematic analysis. The activity of scientists of this university in the first half of the XIX century concerns the period of formation of historical and legal science. Hence the main shortcomings of their work: a certain fragmentation in the coverage of problems, a narrow historiographical base, the hypothetical nature of some theses. Professor Uspenskyi was the first who started working on the history of law at Kharkiv University and considered the question of “the antiquity of Russian laws and their dignity”. At that time, scholars of many universities in the empire had to prove the authenticity of the Rus’ka Pravda and those laws that was not yet generally accepted. O. Kunitsyn, a professor of Kharkiv University, also expressed some doubts in this, although he cannot be attributed entirely to the supporters of the “skeptical school” in Russian historiography. O. Paliumbetskyi made the most significant contribution to the development of historical and legal science at that time at Kharkiv University. He conducted one of the first comparative studies of Old German and Old Rus law, convincingly showed their differences, some influence of German law on Russian, which he considered insignificant. Quite thorough and one of the best was his study of treaties between Rus and Byzantium in the X century. Based on the provisions of these agreements, the scientist made a successful attempt to determine the essence of some of Old Rus laws, in particular on revenge, compensation to the victim and court evidence. Most of his arguments were tested over time and are not disputed by modern scientists. Scientists-lawyers of Kharkiv University in that period did not form a separate scientific school, as happened at the University of Kyiv due to the activities of M. Ivanishev, but they worked in line with the then prevailing paradigms in Russian historiography, and made a certain contribution to the formation of historical and legal science. Therefore, their scientific activity deserves further study.

RESTORATION OF DOMESTIC UNIVERSITIES’ AUTONOMY (1861–1882)

It was found that in the 50-60s of the XIX century the opposition of authoritarian and autonomous tendencies of development of university education aggravates. As a result of the positive reform of higher education for educational institutions and the approval of the democratic statute of 1863, the performance of the university’s scientific function, serving the interests of society, and the level of academic freedoms increased. Reactionary activists saw a threat in expanding the powers of professorial boards (M. Hiliarov-Platonov, M. Katkov, M. Liubymov, V. Puryshkevych and others). Progressive professors (in particular O. Walter, O. Kovalevskyi, V. Modestov and others) advocated the preservation of the autonomous provisions of the statute of 1863.The process of restoration of university autonomy in 1861–1882 is covered. Organizational autonomy in Kharkiv Imperial University is characterized. Thus, the board of the institution developed regulations for students and outsiders, rules of the university court, instructions of the student inspector, rules on scholarships and financial aid, rules on the use of textbooks, rules on testing applicants’ knowledge, rules of student control, projects on faculty division to the branch. The effectiveness of faculty meetings has increased. There was an improvement in the quality of departments; the scientific achievements of applicants for vacant positions were analyzed in detail. The council also filed a petition with the ministry to increase the salary of an associate professor.The academic autonomy of Kharkiv University is analyzed. Professors’ lectures became interesting for students due to the attraction of best practices. Teachers constantly underwent scientific internships abroad. A catalog of books was prepared for the library, the funds were constantly replenished due to works published in the university printing house. Cooperation with secondary schools in the district was close.The analysis of organizational autonomy of Kyiv University of St. Volodymyr (council meetings discussed draft legislation proposed by the ministry; approved decisions on reading special courses for students, allocating funds for laboratory equipment, filling vacancies, reviewing student work, etc.). It is also interesting that the minutes of the meetings were published in the “University News”.It is proved that the academic autonomy of Kyiv University was characterized by the strengthening of academic freedoms, educational activities of teachers, providing assistance to low-income students, conducting charitable events. The growth of independence could not go unnoticed by the authorities, which was embodied in the relevant regulations.

The establishment of the Kharkiv Practical Technological Institute in the context of modernization

The article examines the history of establishment of the Kharkiv Practical Technological Institute in the broad context of modernization processes. The history of the Practical Technological Institute in Kharkiv is considered in the context of socio-economic changes in the South of the Russian Empire, primarily in the "Ukrainian provinces", in the last third of XIX – early XX centuries. The methodological basis of the article is the modernization approach. Changes that took place in the Russian Empire in the last third of the XIX – early XX century are considered as a modernization movement. Modernization is understood as a complex number of transformations that society is undergoing on the path of development from traditional agricultural to urban and industrial. We proceed from the fact that modern society of that time was aware of the speed of industrial production, the need for qualified engineering personnel. The training of such personnel required the opening of local higher education institutions. The processes of industrialization, migration and urbanization, due to the modernization theory, were the main components of social development in the XIX century. The approach chosen by the authors allowed to analyze the formation of higher technical institutions in the Russian Empire, on the example of the Kharkiv Practical Institute of Technology, within these changes. The approach within the new imperial history enabled us to take into account the socio-political subtext of the situation and the decisions that contributed to the establishment of technical universities in the south of the empire. An important aspect of our article is the European context. We investigated the general tendencies of opening similar to Kharkiv educational institutions. We can see certain commonalities, which allows us to explore the problem more deeply. We came to the conclusion that, the emergence of a higher technical educational institution ‒ Kharkiv Practical Technological Institute, in Kharkiv was due to the demand of local elites, which was met by the highest bureaucracy of St. Petersburg, as well as the situation in the city itself. This compromise did not cancel the rivalry, both at the highest bureaucratic level – the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of National Education, and at the regional level, in particular Kharkiv university elite and the inspirers of the idea of a separate technical institution.

ASSESSING THE USABILITY OF SITES IN TERMS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY

The purpose of the article is to study the degree of usability of sites from the point of view of their stakeholders. The usability indicator is responsible for how easy the site's interface is to use, that is, it means how easily the user without special training can interact with the information system of the website. The goal of usability is to have a product that is easy to understand, easy to learn, effective to use, and en-joyable to use. Methodology. The article proposes an approach for assessing the usability of sites of business entities, based on the results of an empirical study in the format of questionnaire, which allows us to take into account the subjective attitude of respondents to the usability of a particular site. When calculating the integral usa-bility indicator, the assessments of the weight of each variant of the answer to the question, the weight of the question within the boundaries of each of the criteria, the weight of each criterion in the final indicator are taken into account. The approbation was carried out on the websites of higher education institutions. Highlighted the most important criteria for the usability of the website of a higher education institution from the point of view of applicants and students as stakeholders who are potential buyers and consumers of educational services: loading speed, convenience, efficiency, relevance, accessibility, interactivity, cross-browser compatibility, lack of forced content, attractive design, satisfaction. To obtain the results, a survey of 1170 stakeholders was conducted in the form of a questionnaire regarding the compliance of the websites of higher education institutions with the usability criteria. Based on the results of scoring and taxonomic analysis, quantitative values of the integral indicator of the usability of the websites of higher education institutions were obtained: NTUU “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”– 8,01; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv – 6,47; Sumy State University – 7,87; Lviv Polytechnic National University – 7,85; V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University – 5,32; Interregional Academy of Personnel Management – 7,7; Kharkiv University – 6,97; Academy of Advocacy of Ukraine – 5,62. The obtained quantitative values indicate that, according to Harrington's scale of desirability, the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” site has the highest level of usability, the Sumy State University, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kharkiv University and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv sites have a sufficient level, the Academy of Advocacy of Ukraine and V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University sites are at the middle level. Practical implications. The proposed approach can be applied to the site of any business entity, it makes it possible to quantify the level of usability of the site from the point of view of stakeholders and become the basis for making effective management decisions regarding the compliance of the website with the requirements and needs of users. Value/originality. The proposed methodology for assessing the site of higher education institutions makes it possible to assess the degree of convenience of sites, which is a tool for ensuring the quality of online presentation of educational services in the context of limited information transparency of higher education institutions.

Everyday life of Contemporary Family: Practices and Risks in Conditions of Changing Society (Kharkiv case)

The article is based on the results of an empirical sociological study commissioned by the Department of Family, Youth and Sports of Kharkiv City Council and conducted by specialists of the Sociological Department V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University in May-July 2020. Everyday practices of contemporary Kharkiv families as well as the risks they face in an exponentially changing society are analyzed in the article. Common and different in the implementation of these practices and the manifestations of risks in three types of families: ordinary, large and families in difficult life circumstances is characterized. Emphasis is made on intra-family relationships, including the division of family responsibilities; the family psychological climate, the role of the oldest generation in its improvement/ deterioration; the causes of family conflicts that occur both between spouses and between parents and children; leisure practices, family holidays and traditions; family problems and the role in their solving both the family itself and local and state authorities. It is emphasized that, despite such negative external factors as the COVID-19 pandemic, distance learning, permanent economic and political crises, affected financial conditions of Kharkiv families, their moods, psychological well-being, intra-family relations haven’t been worsened, and in some cases even have been improved, become more trusting. It is noted that among the problems of contemporary families, in addition to financial, the most painful is the risk of spreading adolescents' Internet addiction, their fascination with being in virtual reality. It is concluded that the solution of this, as well as many other family problems, is possible both with the mobilization of own resources of all family members, and through the implementation of a set of special measures on the national level. Recommendations and proposals for improving the work of local authorities taking care of family issues are formulated. The main directions of further scientific, including interdisciplinary research of everyday practices and risks of Kharkiv families are mentioned, in particular the influence of children distance learning on family relations.

Илья Ильич Мечников и медицинский факультет Харьковского университета

Despite the fact that Ilya Mechnikov was a zoologist, his contribution to the development of medicine is invaluable. The article reveals the details of the biography of this scientist, indicating the fact that his path to medicine was not accidental and began even earlier than his passion for zoology. Also, the article concerns the problem of the role of the Kharkiv University in the formation of Mechnikov as a scientist. Despite the wellknown assertion that this great scientist was self-taught and paved his own way to success in science, for he did not have sufficient resources to show his talents at a provincial university, the authors come to the conclusion that the biographies of Mechnikov’s contemporaries in Kharkiv demonstrate the opposite. Namely, that there were enough resources for young scientists at the Kharkiv University to fulfill their scientific ambitions, however, a series of certain circumstances did not allow the young Mechnikov to take full advantage of all opportunities he could have had in Kharkiv.

Почетный член Харьковского университета Иван Петрович Щелков

The article considers the way of life and scientific contribution to the development of physiology of the professor of Kharkiv University I.P. Shchelkov.

Історія досліджень лучно-степової флори та рослинності Середньоруської підпровінції Лісостепу України

У статті проаналізовано історичний розвиток флористичних досліджень, що пов’язані з суходільними луками на території Середньоруської підпровінції Лісостепу України починаючи з ХІХ століття. Всього опрацьовано більш ніж 200 літературних першоджерел, серед яких представлені загальні роботи натуралістів, флористичні списки та знахідки рідкісних видів на території Сумського та Харківського геоботанічних округів. З опрацьованих літературних праць, бачимо, що до 1900 року роботи носили здебільшого флористичний характер, а вже до 1920 року у деяких працях подано відомості про рідкісні види рослин. З 30-х років минулого століття науковці починають займатися питаннями географії та систематики рослин. Наступним напрямком є дослідження рослинності, що активно розвивалось з 60-х років. І майже одразу, після створення у 1967 році Державного комітету з охорони природи, досить стрімко почав розвиватись созологічний напрямок. Починаючи з 2000 року є різкий скачок у кількості робіт, що так чи інакше мають відношення до флори суходільних луків. Дійсно, сьогодні можна знайти дещо більше робіт созологічного напрямку, особливо присвячені вивченню ботанічних заказників. Встановлено, що найбільша кількість робіт пов’язана з територіями околиць міст Харків, Суми, Богодухів, Охтирка, Тростянець. Проте, з кінця минулого століття, важливими осередками багаторічних моніторингових досліджень суходільних луків є біологічні стаціонари: біологічна станція біологічного факультету Харківського національного університету імені В. Н. Каразіна у селі Гайдари (Харківська область) та біологічний стаціонар «Вакалівщина» Сумського державного педагогічного університету імені А. С. Макаренка (Сумська область). Загальною особливістю більшості досліджених праць, є те, що автори вказують про необхідність збереження суходільних луків, які через надмірну господарську діяльність майже повністю розорані. У результаті аналізу літературних даних, бачимо, що суходільні луки досліджені фрагментарно.

Ionoxalis tetraphylla (Oxalidaceae), новий ефемерофіт у флорі України

Подано відомості про знахідку Ionoxalis tetraphylla (Cav.) J. Rose (Oxalis tetraphylla Cav.) (Oxalidaceae), нового для флори України виду адвентивних рослин. Вид має центральноамериканське походження, його первинний ареал охоплює Мексику, Панаму, Гватемалу, Коста Ріку, Карибські острови. Вторинний ареал поширюється на Європу, Азію, Австралію. Вид був знайдений у сусідніх з Україною країнах, зокрема в Росії та Білорусі. Як вид, що натуралізувався, він був відмічений у деяких країнах Південної Європи. Основними центрами культивування виду в Україні є Національний ботанічний сад ім. М.М. Гришка НАН України, Ботанічний сад ім. акад. О.В. Фоміна Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка, Ботанічний сад Харківського національного університету імені В.Н. Каразіна, Ботанічний сад Дніпровського національного університету імені Олеся Гончара, Ботанічний сад Таврійського національного університету імені В.І. Вернадського, Сирецький дендрологічний парк (Київ), а також приватні сади та зелені господарства в Києві та Київській обл., Одесі, Кам’янець-Подільському (Хмельницька обл.) та, безумовно, в інших регіонах країни. Дані щодо спонтанного поширення рослин виду з місць культури дотепер в Україні відсутні. Вперше здичавілі рослини I. tetraphylla зафіксовані у 2019 році у с. Довжик Житомирського р-ну Житомирської обл. Вони відмічені на узліссі старого соснового лісу, біля стежки рослини пережили зиму 2019/2020 роках. Наведено таксономічні, морфологічні, географічні (первинний та вторинний ареали) та екологічні характеристики виду. За часом занесення вид є кенофітом, за способом занесення – ергазіофітом, за ступенем натуралізації в Україні – ефемерофітом. Досліджений вид є мезотрофом, мезофітом, сцио-геліофітом. В умовах України він рясно цвіте, але майже ніколи не утворює насіння та розмножується вегетативно – дочірніми цибулинками. Представлено карту поширення виду (спонтанно та в культурі) в Україні.

Alien—Different—One’s Own. North-east ethnic and lingual cultural frontier of Ukraine (Kharkiv, Donbas)

In the article, which continues the discourse of ethnocultural frontier, the attention is focused on the facts and problems referring to the Ukrainian-Russian cultural frontier of Eastern Ukraine. Polyethnic character of the society initially, since the mid 17th century, determined the presence of two culture-forming components in the region, namely Ukrainian and Russian ones, the dynamics of their correlation in various historical periods, the motion of transitive forms and ambivalent conditions. (The Jewish element acquired the essential function in the ethnocultural system of the region later, mainly in the 20th century.) In the frames of the so-called Kharkiv school of romantics a unique linguocultural situation, not deprived of paradoxicality, was formed, in which Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism objectively performed as one of the factors shaping the development of the Ukrainian literature. From this perspective, the article conducts the diachronic analysis of the main stages of the literary process in Ukrainian Slobozhanshchyna, mainly in its center, Kharkiv. The researcher focuses on such issues and phenomena as the role and signiƗ cance of Kharkiv University founded in 1805; Kharkiv periodicals and collections in the Russian and Ukrainian languages; the activity of such influential figures as H. Skovoroda, H. Kvitka-Osnovianenko, P.Hulak-Artemovskyi, I. Sreznevskyi, M. Kostomarov, O. Potebnia, etc.; contradictory and dramatic literary life in Kharkiv of the national cultural Renaissance epoch in the 1920s and early 1930s (‘Executed Renaissance’) and during the subsequent periods. The ‘Donbas segment’ of the eastern ethnocultural frontier, with its history being much shorter than the Kharkiv one though also abundant with contradictions, is considered in the synchronic aspect, in comparative contrast of the diferent writers’ fates and creative phenomena, including the background of the modern dramatic situation in the region.

Kharkov Classical University and Kharkiv Institute of Public Education: problems of heredity (historiographical subjects)

The aim of the article is to highlight the evolution of ideas in Soviet and modern historiography on (non)perception of scientific traditions of the Kharkiv Imperial University by the Institute of Public Education named after O. O. Potebnya (KhIPE). Research methods: problematic-historiographic, historical-chronological, comparative-historical; principles of systematicity and objectivity. Main results and scientific novelty: for the first time it has been considered in detail how researchers assessments have changed from denying the necessity of mastering the old principles of higher education to the perception of the Kharkiv Institute of Public Education named after O. O. Potebnia as the heir of the pre-revolutionary university with partial preservation of traditions. The coverage in the historical thought of the 20s of the 20th and the beginning of the 19th century of problematic issues related to the establishment and operation of the KhIPE is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the diversity of opinions and assessments of the KhIPE perceptions of the traditions of the Kharkiv Imperial University. The authors concludes that the traditions of the Kharkiv University were partially preserved in the work of the KhIPE, thanks to the inherited material base, and most importantly, the preserve of the main teaching staff, employees and part of the pre-revolutionary students. In the latter case, the years of 1921–1924 are meant, when some of students who had studied before the university closed in 1919 returned to study and non the latter case, the years of 1921–1924 are meant, when some of students who had studied before the university closed in 1919 returned to study and non-proletarian youth made up a significant proportion of the student contingent. In historical science the KhIPE’s estimation as successor to the Kharkiv University is unstable. Soviet authors focused mainly on the refusal of the leadership of the People’s Commissar of Education of the USRR and the IPE on the forms of the liquidated imperial university. Meanwhile, the contemporary authors, on the one hand, emphasize the voluntarism and failure of the educational reform and 1933 forced restoration of universities by the Soviet power. On the other hand, the idea that the tradition of the Imperial University was more than accepted until recently was considered to be in keeping with the KhIPE traditions. The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the most radical reform in the history of domestic universities, the consequences and historical significance of which cause lively discussions among experts. The practical significance of the article is to change the priorities in teaching and promoting the history of the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The originality of the study is due to the unbiased consideration of a wide range of used historiographical sources (scientific works and journalism). Type of article: theoretical research.

The Communication technologies to encourage innovative activities engagement in students

The challenges of the new century have expanded the range of tasks universities are facing. In addition to traditional research and cultural tasks, the task of mastering the role of innovators not only in educational and research technologies - but also in cultivating socially responsible individuals and active citizens who are aware of global threats, able to anticipate risks, address social issues and develop the economy. The article presents the results of the author's sociology research on the following issues: how students of VN Karazin Kharkiv National University respond to global challenges, whether students are prepared to become part of a solution to global development challenges identified by the Government of Ukraine (based on UN Sustainable Development Goals) as a priority for the near future and what forms of innovative practices the students choose for this purpose. Attractive for students and young people, as an innovative practice enabling them to combine social activity and a startup, be independent of the state in the labor market and commence entrepreneurial activity in an exciting sector, is social entrepreneurship. Young people now feel congenial to the philosophy of social entrepreneurship, including many members of Generation Z− people aged 18 to 24, who care for the future of their country. According to the Diffusion of Innovation Theory by Everett Rogers, students belong to Early Majority of innovation adopters. For this group of innovators, it is important that information and communication programs should contain success stories and other evidence of the effectiveness of innovation, especially by opinion leaders of youth audiences. The article looks into the new communicative technologies of influence, which encourage students to innovate.