Kharkiv City Research Articles

СТАТИСТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ БІЗНЕС РИЗИКІВ В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ ТА ШЛЯХИ ЇХ ПОДОЛАННЯ

The article analyzes the main risks faced by business entities in Ukraine with a full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The modern dynamics of registration of new business entities since the beginning of the full-scale war for March - August 2022 were analyzed. The main problems that made it difficult to do business in Ukraine since the beginning of the full-scale invasion were identified, namely consumer insolvency, a drop in demand for the products of enterprises, and a lack of funding. , destruction of supply chains, long-term power outages due to military attacks on energy facilities, rising costs of raw materials, materials and energy resources, and a shortage of skilled workers. The article also analyzed the rating of doing business in strategic cities of Ukraine, namely Lviv, Odesa, Kharkiv and Dnipro. Preventive measures were also proposed to reduce business risks in Ukraine under martial law.Among the main recommendations: analysis of the insurance policy and the possibility of asset protection; development of crisis management and evacuation plans; strengthening relations with other companies and authorities to provide support in crisis; analysis of risks in the market and adaptation of production in accordance with changes in demand; development of different planning and budgeting scenarios for different market conditions; diversification of supply chains and search for alternative sources of raw materials; monitoring of financial markets and timely response to changes; development of a strategy to reduce currency risks and other financial losses; development of alternative sources of financing and investments; developing an emergency plan and having alternative suppliers of raw materials; ensuring the stability of infrastructure and transport links; monitoring of global events and geopolitical risks to predict possible supply interruptions; development of emergency power plans and backup solutions - to ensure power supply in case of energy shortage; reducing dependence on centralized energy sources and developing alternative energy sources, etc.

Quality of life assessment with SIBDQ in children with upper gastrointestinal pathology

Functional and organic diseases of the digestive system today occupy one of the leading places in the structure of somatic pathology of childhood and adolescence and negatively impact young patients’ quality of life. Among the gastrointestinal tract diseases, the first place is occupied by the pathology of the gastroduodenal zone in children. Gastrointestinal diseases rarely occur in isolation in the form of damage to only the upper or lower parts of the digestive system, especially in childhood. Therefore, in the presence of dysfunction symptoms and pathological changes in the upper gastrointestinal tract, it is advisable to use non‑invasive means to diagnose pathological changes in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Objective — to analyze the quality of life using the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ) in children and adolescents with upper gastrointestinal tract pathologies. Materials and methods. The study involved 174 children who visited the Kharkiv city children’s clinical hospital No 19 with complaints about upper gastrointestinal disorders (7—18 years old). Patients were interviewed using the self‑reported inflammatory bowel disease quality of life questionnaire SIBDQ, which assesses physical, social and emotional well‑being (the result is determined from 10 to 70 points, where 10 is the worst condition). Results. The median SIBDQ score for the entire sample was 51 points [Q1; Q3: 45; 58], with 47.1±3.7% of respondents having up to 50 points. In girls, the median was significantly lower than in boys — 49 [40; 55] versus 55 [49.0; 65.5] (pU=0.05). According to the nature of the endoscopic picture, 55% of children with gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux, 38.6% of children with erythematous duodenopathy, 45.9% of children with erosive and ulcerative changes and 61.5% of patients with esophagitis had a low SIBDQ score. Boys with low SIBDQ scores were more prone to gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux. All other endoscopic changes were significantly more common (p <0.05) in girls with less than 50 points according to the survey results. Conclusions. In 47% of children with complaints of upper gastrointestinal dysfunction, the quality of life score was low by the SIBDQ (< 50). The median SIBDQ score in girls was significantly lower than in boys: 49 [40; 55] versus 55 [49.0; 65.5] points (pU=0.05), respectively. Girls with instrumentally confirmed esophagitis had significantly lower SIBDQ scores compared to boys with esophagitis and girls with other gastrointestinal disorders — 41.5 [37; 46] (p <0.05). The use of the SIBDQ questionnaires in school‑age children and adolescents is advisable not only for lower gastrointestinal tract diseases but also for gastroduodenal zone diseases.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PEDESTRIAN SAFETY SYSTEMS IN THE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE OF KHARKIV

The article focuses on pedestrian safety issues within the urban infrastructure of Kharkiv City in Ukraine and the implementation of modern protection systems on roads. It examines approaches to organising pedestrian zones and safety islands, with particular emphasis on the RS PSS system, designed to enhance pedestrian safety on roads with high traffic intensity. Significant attention goes to the growing number of road traffic accidents (RTAs) at pedestrian crossings and main city highways. From 2018 to 2024, an analysis of accident hotspots took place based on statistical data. This analysis led to the creation of a map of RTAs, which helped identify the most dangerous areas for pedestrians and determine the priority locations for safety measures. One of the proposed solutions discussed is using bollards – protective posts that prevent vehicles from entering pedestrian areas. The article analyses the effectiveness of bollards in combination with other safety measures, such as safety islands and traffic management systems. In addition to bollards, landscape solutions that protect pedestrians and blend into the urban environment are also mentioned. The main focus is on the RS PSS system, which consists of pedestrian slabs and safety islands manufactured using specialised technology. The system has been tested in various locations throughout the city and has demonstrated a significant reduction in RTAs after its implementation. The article illustrates the process of installing the system using the example of the reconstruction of a safety island on Liudviha Svobody Avenue. The use of modern equipment and technology ensured the rapid and efficient completion of the project. According to official data, the number of RTAs in this area decreased from 21 to 4 after completing the project. In conclusion, the implementation of new safety systems has had a positive impact on reducing accidents and improving pedestrian protection. There is also a noted need for further development and advancement of such systems and the integration of advanced technologies to enhance urban infrastructure. Keywords: pedestrian safety, pedestrian safety systems, safety islands, bollard, refuge.

Impact of occupation and war losses on mental health and the subjective well-being of civilians: on the example of residents of Kharkiv and Kharkiv region under the conditions of full-scale invasion of Russia in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of traumatic experience, in particular, related to being in the occupation, and losses in the war, on the mental health of the civilians who live near the hostilities or their epicenter (using the example of residents of the city of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv region). Conceptualized concepts of traumatic situation, traumatic experience, characterization of war losses (human, property, financial, material losses; loss of work; loss of physical and / or psychological health and loss of peace, etc.). The results of an empirical study of the mental state of civilians of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv region are presented (n = 730). In particular, according to the results of the correlation analysis, it was proven that respondents with occupation experience have more problems with sleep, in the cognitive and emotional spheres. They are more likely to believe that they have experienced a serious trauma, more often note the desire to drink alcohol before feeling intoxicated. Among them, there are more often those who are haunted by memories of recent negative events, in which paranoid moods are more common. It is noted that despite the significant losses suffered by representatives of the civilian population of Kharkiv region during the period of the full-scale invasion of Russia, they do not lose their positive attitude and self-belief, have certain achievements and value them highly, are goal-oriented, and are satisfied with family and personal relationships. However, losses still affect mental health and subjective well-being, in particular, significant losses (of loved ones, friends, one’s own home, etc.) can cause more pronounced physical and mental discomfort.

URBAN PLANNING IN UKRAINE FROM THE 19TH TO THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY: INTEGRATION OF SCIENCE AND STATE MANAGEMENT

The research is dedicated to analyzing the process of urbanization, particularly the formation and development of cities in northeastern Ukraine at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th cen. Special attention is given to the city of Kharkiv and the activities of its mayor, Oleksandr Kostiantynovych Pohorelko (1848–1912). The importance of urban studies as a key direction of humanities research that determines the development of the nation, community, and state is justified. The main tasks faced by the city during that period, such as the municipalization of the economy and the expansion of the city’s rights to private property objects, are highlighted. The role of scientists and researchers, including D.I. Bahalii and M.F. Sumtsov, in promoting the modernization of the city through active participation in municipal authorities is discussed. As a result of the research, significant contributions of O.K. Pohorelko and his colleagues to the development and improvement of Kharkiv at the end of the 19th cen. are identified. The conclusions of the research emphasize the importance of combining scientific potential and civic activism for the implementation of infrastructure development projects in the city.

Physics in Ukraine

The Ukrainian city of Kharkiv was a major target during the first days of the Russian invasion and, as the Russian army advances, it continues to face attacks by drones and missiles. But when he travelled to Kharkiv in November 2023, photographer Eric Lusito discovered a resilient community of scientists doing everything in their power to continue their research.

Science parks: analysis of international experience and development prospects in Ukraine

The object of the research is the issues related to the creation of science parks in Ukraine at a new level in the process of its post-war reconstruction. In this paper, the main focus is on the analysis of the very concept of «science park» and the experience of some international ones, which are most suitable for the domestic plans for the transformation of the Ukrainian economy and its social infrastructure. Also researched the initiative of the Kharkiv city government to create the so-called «science quarter», which would absorb all the best that exists in the world in the field of science parks, and would have its own «highlight». As a result of this study, it was established that the creation and functioning of science parks is an important component of the modern world economy, which should be given serious attention in the process of post-war transformation of the Ukrainian economy. Moreover, the process of developing a strategy for the construction of such science parks should be started now, without waiting for the end of the war. A good example of this is the start of work on the project to create a science park in Kharkiv called «Science Quarter» as part of the development of a city recovery plan with the help of specialists from various international organizations, universities, banks and funds. The article analyses the activities of some similar science parks in Poland, which can be used as a guide in this process, and provides recommendations for the improvement and enhancement of certain basic elements of the future Kharkiv science park. As a result, it was concluded that thanks to the hard work of the city authorities with the support of international institutions, active work is being done to develop a city reconstruction strategy at a fundamentally new level in Kharkiv, within which a significant place is given to the implementation of the «Science Quarter» project. The success of the latter will depend not only on the experienced team of specialists implementing this project and the receipt of the necessary funding, but also, first of all, on the success of our defenders in repelling russian aggression.

ANALYSIS OF DESTRUCTIONS AND STRENGTHENING METHODS OF PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR PANELS

Currently, there is a high demand in Ukraine for the rapid restoration of buildings destroyed and damaged as a result of Russian armed aggression, as most people, despite active shelling of cities (especially those close to combat zones) and consequent constant danger, want to return to their homes. Due to military aggression to over 160,000 buildings in Ukraine got extensive damage, with nearly 20,000 high-rise residential structures being built using large-panel construction. The challenges of restoration include unpredictable structural failures and the economic feasibility of repair methods.Recent studies on building restoration in Ukraine due to military damage have emerged only in recent years, with a focus on panel buildings being notably absent in international literature. Given the current situation, domestic research primarily addresses the inspection methodologies and classification of war-related damages, offering preliminary assessments but limited restoration recommendations. In this paper, the authors focused on the panel construction of Kharkiv city, as these buildings account for the most destruction among residential buildings. The assessment of damage to panel slabs of multi-story residential buildings focusing on the heavily affected North Saltivka district due to artillery shelling and rocket strikes is discussed. Despite occupying only 9 % of the area, residential buildings in North Saltivka sustained significant damage, with 70 % affected. Construction in the area consists mainly of precast concrete panel buildings of various heights and designs. Damage severity varies, ranging from minor cracks to complete structural failure, influencing repair and reinforcement strategies. The assessment involves on-site inspections and categorizes damage levels to determine the buildings' suitability for repair or replacement. Based on numerous inspections of panel buildings, in which the authors of the article directly participated, it was possible to identify a gradation of the degree of damage to the panels of multi-storey buildings. As a result of summarizing the obtained information, three categories of panels with acceptable damage for restoration were identified. An analysis of existing methods for reinforcing such structures allowed the selection of a prototype for detailed development of a structural solution to restore the load-bearing capacity of such panels. In the future, the authors of the article will focus on improving the described structural solution and developing a step-by-step technology for its implementation.

CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS FOR THE RENEWAL OF SEWERAGE NETWORKS IN KHARKIV CITY

Ensuring the reliable operation of sewerage systems is one of the essential tasks of municipal services in Ukrainian cities. As the research shows, in most cases, their construction involved concrete and reinforced concrete, which are prone to destruction under the influence of many factors, particularly microbiological corrosion. The destruction of sewage collectors is often the reason for wastewater leaking into groundwater and soil, resulting in pollution. The article provides statistical data on the ‘Kharkivvodovidvedennia’ Complex of the ME ‘Kharkivvodokanal’ as of 01.01.2024, which operates the city’s external water drainage networks. The article outlines the most common factors that lead to emergencies in sewage networks, such as aging and wear of infrastructure, insufficient maintenance and repair, mechanical damage, pollution and clogging, increased volume of wastewater, planning problems, chemical reactions, biological corrosion, and connection defects. The relationship between these causes may be that corrosion can weaken pipeline materials, making them more vulnerable to mechanical damage and leakage. According to preliminary calculations, it is necessary to relay or rehabilitate (trenchless pipeline laying) at least 22–25 km of city networks annually to ensure the reliability of sewage networks. The article analyses the work cycles performed on the tunnel collectors’ objects and large-diameter collectors over five years. Major repair and reconstruction work that deserves attention includes work on the repair of mine No. 12 of the tunnel collector of the 761 micro-district (mine depth H = 6.75 m, diameter – 5 m); restoration work of the Oleksiivskyi collector Ø 2000 mm near the viewing chamber No. 33 on the street Lopanska; restoration of the collector of the Northern group of factories Ø 900 mm at Danylivskyi Uzviz. As a result, we carried out an analysis of the current state of the sewage network of the city of Kharkiv. The main factor in the wear and tear of sewerage networks is corrosion, which, in turn, can weaken pipeline materials, making them more vulnerable to mechanical damage and leaks. Despite the difficult economic conditions, work on the repair and operation of networks is carried out. Also worthy of special attention for future research is the survey of mines where restoration work took place over the past ten years using modern methods. Keywords: underground construction, sewerage, renewal, repair, reconstruction, bearing capacity, wear, corrosion.

Population size and nesting peculiarities of the black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766) on the territory of water treatment facilities

Background. Today, the black-headed gull inhabits man-made areas of wastewater treatment facilities (WTF) to comensate for the the reduction of natural aquatic and wetland habitats. Over the last decade, a nearly tenfold increase in its population has been recorded, despite a low reproduction rate. This fact indicates the lack of stability in the bird population, necessitating thorough research. Materials and Methods. The analysis of the population size and biological charac­teristics of black-headed gulls involved censuses and observations at the WTF of the city of Kharkiv using conventional methods during the spring-summer periods of 2020–2021 and 2023. Results. The population of the black-headed gull reached its peak in the third decade of May 2020 (2637 individuals) and 2023 (2124 individuals), as well as in the second decade of May 2021 (3949 individuals). The maximum nesting density was observed on sludge sites (SS) of wastewater treatment facilities that are most similar to natural habitats, where dried mud alternates with water patches and vegetation at the bottom and around the perimeter (Type V): 236.7±26.7 pairs/ha in 2020 and 242.9±28.5 pairs/ha in 2021. The majority of nests were found in the first decade of May 2021 and the third decade of May 2020. The black-headed gull forms mixed-species, occasionally monospecific subcolonies. Nesting in association with it were: Sterna hirundo, Anas platyrhynchos, Spatula clypeata, Vanellus vanellus, Charadrius dubius, Himantopus himantopus, Fulica atra, Gallinula chloropus, and Aythya ferina. The size of the complete black-headed gull clutch was 3.1±0.4 eggs (n = 190). The egg dimensions were 50.9±2.1 ´ 36.2±1.1, with a mass of 34.6±2.8 g. Regarding shell coloration, five types of background colors were identified. Mass egg laying occurred from the third decade of April to the first decade of May, constituting 40.3 % (n = 993) in 2020 and 62.3 % (n = 1757) in 2021. The egg-laying period extended from April to July, with the latest non-incubated clutches recorded in the first decade of July (3.07.2020). The first chicks were found in nests in the first decade of May, while mass hatching occurred in the second half of May. The latest registration dates of the birds on nesting territories were in the second decade of July for 2020 and 2023, and the first decade of August for 2022. The nesting season duration varied from 125 to 140 days in different years. Autumn migration commenced with summer relocations and concluded from late October to early November. The reproductive success – the percentage of nestlings that fledged and successfully achieved flight – constituted 29.2 % (n = 2404 of laid eggs) in 2020, and 15.5 % (n = 6138) in 2021. The majority of offspring perished due to changes in water levels (prolonged rainfall or industrial wastewater discharge), predation, disturbance factors, etc. Conclusion. The colonial nesting of the black-headed gull creates favorable conditions for the habitation and reproduction of various bird species, including rare ones, which is essential for their conservation.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE-VAULT STATION OF THE SHALLOW CONTOUR INTERVAL OF THE KHARKIV METRO

Purpose. The development of the Kharkiv metro is characterized by the development of new structures and technologies for their construction. The extensive metro system in the city of Kharkiv and the presence of deep and shallow underground stations require scientific substantiation of these complex underground objects. The method of the scientific article is the numerical analysis of a single-vaulted shallow contour interval station, the vault of which has a special design (perforated reinforced concrete blocks). Methodology. To achieve the goal, the design of the station with a prefabricated vault and "slurry wall" was analyzed, as well as the engineering and geological conditions of its construction. A finite-element model of a single-vault station of a shallow contour interval was created. The model reproduces the geometric dimensions of the real structure of the Kharkiv metro, the layers of soil in which it is laid, the conditions of adjacency of "slurry wall", as well as perforated vault blocks. The model is based on volumetric finite elements and more fully reflects the interaction of the station with the surrounding massif. The calculation of the finite-element model for the joint effect of the self-weight of the model and the moving load of the NK-80 (combined loading) was carried out. Findings. The value of the stress-strain state of a single-vault station of the shallow contour interval was obtained. Analysis of displacements and stresses at concentration points was carried out. The situation of overstressing of the station structure and the appearance of cracking zones in the case of combined load action was revealed. Originality. The value of the stress-strain state was obtained with a combination of self-weight and moving load of NK-80, as well as with the separation of the portion of the latter. The obtained results indicate the need to revise the design of the shallow contour interval station, the vault of which has a special design (perforated reinforced concrete blocks). Practical value. It consists of the obtained results, which show the vector of development of station structures of the Kharkiv metro.

Risk factors for adverse outcome among patients with non-high risk pulmonary embolism

The aim – to determine the factors which have influence on hospital mortality in patients with non-high risk pulmonary embolism (PE).Materials and methods. We analysed 635 medical cards of patients (pts) with diagnosis «Pulmonary Embolism (PE)» who were hospitalised to Kharkiv City Clinical Hospital No.8. during 01.01.2017 – 01.01.2023. The inclusion criteria was diagnosis «PE» verified by multispiral computed tomography angiography (CTPA) of pulmonary arteries and/or by autopsy. Among the 635 pts, 530 were non-high risk. The non-high risk pts were divided into 2 groups: Group I – pts who were discharged with improved status (479 – 90.4 %), Group II – pts who died during hospitalisation (51 – 9.6 %). Clinical, anamnestic, biochemical, instrumental parameters, mortality rates were measured; statistical analysis was done.Results and discussion. The independent factors identified by multivariate vector analysis were associated with in-hospital mortality in pts with non-high risk PE: atrial fibrillation (AF), obesity, history of venous thromboembolism (VTE); lower levels of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), systolic blood pressure (SBP); higher mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP); heart rate (HR) ≥ 110 beats/min. An ROC analysis was also performed to determine the thresholds of factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with non-high risk PE: SBP ≤ 124 mm Hg, HR ≥ 110 bts/min, mean PAP ≥ 54 mm Hg. Impact of AF on in-hospital mortality was depicted by Kaplan – Meier.Conclusions. Several factors were associated with increased in-hospital mortality in patients with non-high risk PE: age ˃ 54 years, SBP ≤ 124 mm Hg, history of VTE, obesity, AF; SpO2 ≤ 87 %, mean PAP ≥ 54 mm Hg, HR ≥ 110 bpm.

The role of radiological diagnostic methods in complicated combat chest trauma

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of radiation methods for diagnosing combat chest trauma at the stage of specialised surgical care. Materials and methods. The results of diagnostic measures performed on 51 wounded with bilateral combat chest trauma were analysed. All the wounded underwent chest radiography (if necessary, in two projections). Ultrasound examination of the chest cavity was performed in real time. Spiral computed tomography was performed on multislice computed tomography scanners. Video thoracoscopy was performed in 20 (83.3%) of 24 wounded patients treated at the Department of Thoracoabdominal Surgery of the Zaitsev Institute of General and Emergency Surgery in 2022­2023. In 27 patients treated in the same department and the polytrauma department of the Kharkiv City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care named after Prof. O. I. Meshchaninov in 2014­2016, video thoracoscopy was not used as a diagnostic method. Results. An important advantage of spiral computed tomography was that this method makes it possible to accurately determine the nature of damage to the chest cavity organs, the bone skeleton of the chest, post­traumatic complications and plan surgical treatment (correction) of existing injuries at the stage of providing specialised thoracic surgical care, in particular, using thoracoscopic access. Conclusions. Combat chest trauma is a severe injury that should be considered within trauma protocols, where clinical signs are only informative in the early diagnostic stages for potentially fatal injuries.

Innovatory Kharkiv Mass Housing Estates in Urban Planning of the 1960s-1980s

The destructions of the Russo-Ukrainian war are leading to a rapid loss of cultural heritage in Ukraine, including contemporary 20th century monuments in Kharkiv, the cradle of Ukrainian modernism. At the greatest risk are the sites, which were complex and not well understood heritage before the war - mass housing estates of 1960s-1980s. In view of the postwar reconstruction, there is a great need to analyze mass housing estates in Kharkiv as potential objects of preservation. The purpose of this article is to reveal the architectural and historical value of the first Kharkiv mass housing estates in terms of their innovation, which might be the basis for further preservation steps. The article focuses on the three earliest areas of mass housing estates of the city - Pavlovo Pole, Novi Budynky and Saltovsky mass housing, which were designed and built during the period of the transition to rapid and large-scale pre-fabricated industry in the late 1950s - early 1960s. It is namely during the design and construction of these estates that innovatory technologies and approaches were developed and tested, which were later used in the construction of new housing estates both in Kharkiv and in other cities of Ukraine. These innovations included the system of microdistricts, the staggered system of services for the population, and the method of focusing in urban planning. The creation of a number of standard series of pioneering residential buildings for mass industrial development by the “Kharkovproject” and “Ukrmistostroyproject” design institutes. The study is based on the reconstruction of the historical chronology of design work of 1960’s - 1980’s in the history of Ukrainian city planning; a comparative analysis of the first-erected housing estates, and the definition of the unique solutions of Kharkiv city planners that were implemented in the development of the first housing estates in Kharkiv.

Геодезичне забезпечення відновлення багатофункціонального комплексу ТРЦ «Нікольський» в місті Харків

The application of geodetic surveys is a vital aspect of assessing the destruction of buildings as a result of Russian armed aggression. The study compares Ukrainian and foreign research methods, highlights their advantages and disadvantages. The legislative framework for geodetic support for restoration of buildings on the territory of Ukraine has been analyzed. As international experience has shown, geodetic surveys are an effective tool for assessing the destruction of buildings as a result of military operations. The study is aimed at evaluating the structural integrity on the example of the shopping and entertainment center “Nikolskyi” in the city of Kharkiv. Geodetic methods used to assess structural damage are reviewed, and an overview of the results of these damage assessments is provided. It is investigated how geodetic surveys can be used to assess structural damage in buildings. The purpose of the article is the study of geodetic works and methods of geodetic support for restoration works of the shopping center building. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were performed: analysis of previous experience in this area; the choice of the method of geodetic provision of restoration works; presenting the results of geodetic measurements; interpretation of the obtained results. Method. To obtain research results, special methods are used: constructive and substantive analysis – for the formation of research directions; analytical methods – to process the results of the shooting; mathematical modeling – to determine the amount of destruction and damage to the building. A Leica Geosystems TCRP 1205 tacheometer and other geodetic equipment were used in the study to assess the structural integrity of the shopping center. The combination of geodetic measurements with the use of tacheometers is an important area of application of tacheometers in similar tasks. In addition, classical surveys, using total station geodetic measurements, were performed in conjunction with an automatic strain monitoring system to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the structural integrity assessment. Therefore, using the specified devices, it is possible to accurately measure and analyze the structural integrity of the shopping center. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The scientific novelty of the conducted research consists in the creation of modern approaches to geodetic support for restoration works of buildings that were destroyed as a result of military operations. Original methods of geodetic surveying and a modern instrument base from NVP “Navigation and Geodetic Center” are applied. The proposed geodetic studies demonstrate the effectiveness of using geodetic measurements to assess structural damage to buildings. Deformation values obtained with the help of geodetic studies helped determine the volumes and technology of restoration, which provides important information for engineering works. It has been shown that the use of electronic tacheometer measurements is a reliable and accurate means of determining damage levels and locations even in complex fracture locations. The Leica TCRP 1205 total station accurately measures angles and distances in a reflection-free mode to achieve the highest accuracy of work. In addition, the measuring technology that was applied at the object of research can be used for geodetic research during the detection of shifts and deformations of building structures. Future research could explore the application of geodetic measurements to other types of buildings or structures damaged by military action. In general, the studies carried out reinforce the potential and importance of geodetic measurements for restoration programs that are planned and will be planned in the near future.

Integration of geoinformation in transport systems

The purpose of the article is to define and apply modern scientific and practical approaches of geo-information technologies in the organization of cargo transportation using the example of the city of Kharkiv. The main task of transport is to ensure the needs of the population in meeting the needs of their movement and transportation of goods. In the presented study, the issue of integration of geo-information technologies in the process of organization of cargo transportation is solved.

Spatial modeling of air pollution in Kharkiv city


 
 
 One of the most pressing problems facing cities, which negatively affects public health. There is a global practice of online monitoring of the content of pollutants in the air of settlements and informing the population about dangerous periods of increased pollution concentrations for certain categories of diseases and the population as a whole. It is also likely that one of the factors of pollution spread is the landscape differentiation of the city’s territory. The purpose of the study presented in this article is to develop statistical and cartographic models of the spatial distribution of air pollutants within the city of Kharkiv and to establish the relationship between the degree of air pollution and types of urban landscapes. Methods. Based on the analysis of the main methodological approaches and tasks of cartographic modeling of the spatial distribution of air pollution, the study substantiates the choice of the modeling method in this study; the features of a large city as an object of cartographic modeling of air pollution are assessed. Results. Based on the results of long-term monitoring by the Kharkiv Regional Center for Hydrometeorology, a statistical analysis of the results of the maximum and average content of pollutants in the atmosphere of Kharkiv was made and the spatial distribution of air pollution in Kharkiv (including (dust, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde) was modeled, and patterns of pollution distribution were identified according to landscape types. Conclusions. In general, the spatial analysis of pollutant concentrations in the territories of Kharkiv showed that, in terms of maximum concentrations, the southeastern part of Kharkiv is most affected by carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and formaldehyde. The reason for this is the large area of industrial facilities. The northwestern part of the city has the highest concentrations of dust and sulfur dioxide. There is a lowering of the relief in the floodplain type of landscape and dense development. Intensive traffic and lowered relief (floodplain landscape) cause high average concentrations of dust, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide in the southern part of the city. Nitrogen dioxide concentrations exceed the TLK in the northwest. The reason is the lowering of the relief on the outskirts of the city (floodplain landscape). The central part of the city has a high average concentration of formaldehyde. In general, a pattern of high concentrations of pollutants was found on the floodplains of the Lopan and Kharkiv rivers, with the lowest concentrations confined to watershed types of terrain between the Kharkiv and Lopan rivers and the Udy and Lopan rivers.
 
 

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM PRIVATE LABORATORY SPECIMENS IN UKRAINE

Objective. This study aims at conducting an analysis of data on antibiotic resistance to antimicrobials that were obtained for the period from April 28, 2018, to December 31, 2019, in a private laboratory in the city of Kharkiv. Materials and methods. We conducted an investigation into the identification and analysis of antimicrobial sensitivity for isolates obtained from patients at a private clinic in the city of Kharkiv from 2018 to 2019. Results. The analysis revealed that patients most frequently sought bacteriological examination for materials from the throat (34.5%) and nose (29.9%), while the least common requests were for examination of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity (2.3%) and skin (3.4%). The positive results accounted for 94.3% of the cases. The isolated strains included Staphylococcus aureus (29.4%), Neisseria spp. (16.5%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.1%), Streptococcus spp. of the Viridans group (12.9%), Candida albicans (5.9%), Moraxella spp. (1.2%), Streptococcus anhaemolyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (each constituting 3.5%), molds (2.4%), and Streptococcus haemolyticus, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis (each accounting for 1.2%). The isolated strains obtained from patients of the private laboratory had a pronounced antibiotic resistance to antimicrobial drugs of the following groups: beta-lactams, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides. This should be taken into account by doctors when prescribing antibacterial therapy. Conclusions. The data indicate disturbingly high levels of antimicrobial resistance in isolates collected from patients at a private clinic in the city of Kharkiv.

The Breeding Population of the Rook, Corvus frugilegus (Aves, Corvidae) in Kharkiv, Ukraine: Nearly 22-times Decline in Numbers Over an 80-year Period

Based on regular surveys of the distribution of rookeries and the number of nesting birds of Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus, 1758 carried out in 2002–2020 using the TRIM (TRends & Indices for Monitoring data), the trajectory of change in the rook population has been estimated. The total size of the breeding population of rooks in Kharkiv City has decreased by 95.4 % over the last 80 years, from 940 to 43 breeding pairs. The general trend for 1939–2020 is a moderate decline (multiplicative slope 0.980, standard error 0.004; p < 0.01). A similar trend was observed for 2002–2020 when surveys were regular, i. e. a moderate decline (multiplicative slope 0.920, standard error 0.021; p < 0.01). Rooks still use the centre of the city for nesting, as they did in the early 1940s, but from the 1980s they began to breed in the eastern part of Kharkiv, where most of the population is now concentrated. Rooks breed in two clustered colonies, one in the central and one in the eastern part of Kharkiv City, about 13 km apart. The colonies are not numerous (all less than 50 pairs) in the last 10 years. The possible causes of the decline of the rook population in Kharkiv City are discussed.

Динаміка захисту дисертаційних досліджень з конструктивно-географічної проблематики в Україні (1995-2021 рр.)

Using the methods of scientometric analysis, the list of dissertation studies defended from 1995 to 2021 in the specialty 11.00.11 - constructive geography and rational use of natural resources was studied. It was revealed that 37 doctoral theses and 270 candidate theses were defended during the specified period, the most works were defended in 2013 – 32. The dynamics of defenses from 1995 to 2013 was upward, and since 2014 the number of defended works has been decreasing. Among the thematic spectrum of works, the topics of those devoted to the study of cities were analyzed. During the specified period, only the cities of Kharkiv, Kyiv, Lviv, Vinnytsia, Chernivtsi, Odesa, Dnipro, Simferopol, Rivne, Lutsk, Sevastopol, Ivano-Frankivsk, Sumy, Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky, Drohobych were the focus of constructive and geographical research. In particular, Kyiv was studied by the famous urban landscape expert Professor O.Dmytruk, under whose scientific guidance 10 candidate theses were defended.