Kharif Onion Research Articles

Crop diversification and small holders: A micro-level evidence from Uttar Pradesh

Survey was conducted in villages Digsara, Basirpur Mar, Pokhra and Bhavanipur under Jalalabad block of Kannauj districts to analyze the crop diversification systems during 2015–16. The major cropping systems included potato-groundnut/maize; paddy-potato-maize; paddy-wheat-green manuring; groundnut/maize-potato-maize; maizemustard- maize and green manuring-early potato-wheat/seed potato. It was observed that summer groundnut was fast replaced by summer maize despite higher water requirement in summer maize (6–7 irrigation) than groundnut (3–4 irrigation) as farmers were getting higher yield (60–70 q/ha) in summer maize than groundnut (Yield: 37–40 q/ ha).Summer groundnut was perceived more sustainable than summer maize as the underground water level was fast depleting in these area (declining at the rate of 2 ft. every year). Wheat crop was getting marginalized among small land holders. Major cropping systems followed by such farmers were fallow/dhaincha-potato-maize; maize-potatomaize and maize-early potato-wheat (very less area). Diversification with mixed cropping of minor vegetables likes coriander and kharif onion was also analyzed in these districts. Flower cultivation based crop diversification was documented in this study. It was found that flowers like rose, bela (jasmine) and mehndi (henna) were cultivated by the majority of farmers to address the industrial requirements in the district for making edible products of roses as well as perfumes. Potato+rose was the most frequently utilized cropping pattern as the fertilizer requirements of roses were being met from the residual nutrients of potato.The study recommends that the diversity in cropping systems among the small holders ought to be safeguarded and supported with the appropriate development interventions.

Effect of proportional substitution of potassic fertilizer with biofertilizers in onion

A fundamental shift has taken place in agricultural research and world food production. Today, the drivefor productivity is increasingly combined with a desire for sustainability. A field experiment was carried out insandy loam soil during kharif 2016-17 with kharif onion cv. Agrifound Dark Red using Azolla and vermicompostfor sustainable crop production. The experiment comprised of 8 treatments, T1 (no K application), T2 (50 per cent RDK), T3 (100 per cent RDK), T4 (50 per cent RDK + 50 per cent K by Azolla), T5 (50 per cent RDK + 50 per cent K by Vermicompost), T6 (50 per cent RDK + 25 per cent K by Azolla + 25 per cent K by Vermicompost), T7 (100 per cent K by Azolla) and T8 (100 per cent K by Vermicompost). Full dose of N and P were applied in all thetreatments through urea and SSP, respectively. However, potassium was supplied through muriate of potash(MOP) having 60 per cent K2O, vermicompost (0.8 per cent potassium) and Azolla (2.62 per cent potassium on dry wt. basis). Results from field experiment showed that treatment T7 was found significantly superior overall other treatments to increase plant height of onion at 90 (45.59 cm) and 120 DAT (50.80 cm) and the lowestplant height was recorded in control (T1). Dry matter content (14.34 g plant−1) was found to be the highest with treatment T5 at 120 DAT. However, treatment T4 resulted highest dry matter 0.513, 1.52, 5.54 g plant−1 at 30, 60 and 90 DAT respectively. Equatorial (55.86 mm) and polar (47.59 mm) diameters of onion bulbs were found tobe significantly higher with treatment T5. The highest bulb weight (45.17 g) and yield of onion (13.17 t ha−1) wererecorded with treatment T5 which was 16.24 and 41.46 per cent higher bulb yield as compared to that recorded with T3 and T1 respectively. However, the lowest bulb weight (35.10 g) and bulb yield (9.31t ha−1) were recordedin the plots receiving no potassium. Calculation of cost of production and benefit obtained showed that thetreatment T3 gave maximum benefit: cost ratio of 2.1. However, B: C ratio of T4 and T5 was 1.9 and 1.6, respectively.

Evaluation study of integrated cultivation technology on yield of rabi onion under demonstrations in Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Assam State (India)

Demonstrations are the one of the most important tool for transfer of technology at grass root level that directly impacts the spread of technology. Onion is grown in kharif, late kharif and Rabi seasons in India, major onion grown in Rabi season all over India, but it's cultivated on upland in kharif/late kharif all over India. Even though its productivity recorded is low due to lacking in knowledge of scientific production technology and high yielding variety suitable to soil and climate. In order to increase the productivity of kharif onion with adoption of improved technology, 80 no's of demonstration in 20 hectare on onion variety Agrifound Dark Red (ADR) were conducted during 2014–15 by National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation, in different locations of three states viz Bihar, Rajasthan and Gujarat state through TDTD (Technology Dissemination through Demonstration) under National Horticulture Mission at selected farmers ’fields. From the conducted demonstrations, it was revealed that, an average increased yield of onion crop 11.62 per cent was achieved with average technology gap of 85.50 q/ha of onion bulb production. Also reduce technology index of 28.50 per cent was noticed during the year. An increased average net monetary return of 333200.00 and B: C ratio 5.12 was obtained in the demonstrated technology over control plot with average net monetary returns 218500.00 and B: C 3.85. The higher returns was due to higher bulbs yields as well as higher market price with sorting/grading of bulbs obtained in the demonstration technology over control plots. Obtained maximum onion bulb yield with higher monetary returns, B: C ratio, higher adoption index, reduction in technology index per cent & extension gap Qtl/ha in Gujarat State, whereas Obtained minimum onion bulb yield with lower monetary returns with B: C ratio, lower adoption index, maximum technology index per cent & maximum extension gap Qtl/ha in Bihar state.

Production, storability and nutrient uptake of kharif onion (Allium cepa L.) as influenced by the application of potassic fertilizer and Azolla in field

Production, storability and nutrient uptake of kharif onion (Allium cepa L.) as influenced by the application of potassic fertilizer and Azolla in field

Effect of different varieties and planting time on the growth and yield of kharif onion in Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh

Effect of different varieties and planting time on the growth and yield of kharif onion in Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh

Market linkages for the major onion markets in India

India is the second largest producer of onion in the world. Though newer states, like Bihar and Madhya Pradesh, are emerging in onion production; onion is still largely concentrated in the states of Maharashtra and Karnataka, one dominating in rabi onion and the other one in kharif onion. Despite tremendous production growth and trade opportunities, India suffers from very high volatility in onion production. Markets in the leading state i.e., Maharashtra, are pre-dominant in terms of onion supply and distribution and thereby creating strong influences on other markets. Lasalgaon, Pimpalgaon, Bangalore and Solapur are the major markets transmitting price signals to other major consuming and producing markets. The market surveillance needs to be given due priority to control for any imperfections and malpractices arising due to advance signals. The instability in production can be reduced by diluting regional concentration of onion production. Stabilisation through stocks by public sector agencies like NAFED will help reducing the exploitation and market manipulation by private traders. The storage capacity needs to be enhanced at the grass root level. Effective use of Government schemes like “Price Stabilisation Fund” and “Operation Greens” would help in creating mechanisms and logistics to control the price volatility.

Suitability of Kharif Onion Varieties in Mahasamund district of Chhattisgarh

Suitability of <i>Kharif</i> Onion Varieties in Mahasamund district of Chhattisgarh

Effect of Integrated Weed Management on Growth and Yield of Kharif Onion (Allium cepa)

Effect of Integrated Weed Management on Growth and Yield of <i>Kharif</i> Onion (<i>Allium cepa</i>)

Effect of date of planting, size of bulb sets and method of sowing on growth and yield of kharif onion (Allium cepa L)

The present investigations were conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kapurthala, Punjab during kharif season 2017 to evaluate the effect of different planting dates, size of bulb sets and methods of sowing on growth and yield of kharif onion. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. All the crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab. The statistical analysis of data revealed that bulb weight, bulb diameter and yield increased significantly with increase in size of bulb sets and non-significant differences were recorded for plant height, number of leaves and neck thickness. The planting time also had significant effect on various parameters under study. The planting date 16 July(D2)resulted in maximum plant height, bulb diameter, bulb weight and yield. All the growth and yield contributing parameters viz plant height, number of leaves per plant, neck thickness, bulb weight and bulb yield were significantly better in bed planting as compared to flat planting system. The study revealed that planting of bulb size (2.7–3.1 cm) on 16 July by bed planting gave higher yield (223.800 q/ha) as compared to all other combinations of planting dates and size of bulb sets.

Effect of Crop Geometry on Growth and Yield of Kharif Onion

Effect of Crop Geometry on Growth and Yield of <i>Kharif</i> Onion

Evaluation of technology dissemination through demonstration on the yield of Kharif onion bulb production

Onion ( Allium cepa ) is one of the most important bulb crops in India, which plays a major role in supplementing the Income of small and marginal farmers of different district in Madhya Pradesh. One of the major constraints of Kharif onion farming is poor nursery and low productivity due to non adoption of recommended package of practices and improved verities. To replace this anomaly, National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation, Indore (M.P.) had conducted TDTD (Technology dissemination through demonstration) under National Horticulture Mission, Govt. of India, at adopted farmers’ fields. Cultivation practices comprised under TDTD viz., use of improved variety/season specific, nursery raising, soil/seed treatment, transplanting, fertilizer application and control of purple blotch disease, showed that percentage increase in the yield of onion ranged from 31.07% to 36.40% over local check during the course of study from 2012-13 to 2016-17. The technology gap of 6.2 q/ha during 2016-17 from 27.6 q/ha at the initial stage of study (2012-13) shows the gap in demonstration yield over potential yield, but the above gap reduced subsequently in the following years.

Chlorophyll Content, Dry Matter Accumulation, Marketable Bulb Yield, Quality and Post Harvest Nutrients Status of Soil as Affected with N Levels and Varieties in Kharif Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Chlorophyll Content, Dry Matter Accumulation, Marketable Bulb Yield, Quality and Post Harvest Nutrients Status of Soil as Affected with N Levels and Varieties in Kharif Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Response of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash on growth, yield and quality of onion bulbs during kharif season

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2015 and 2016 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rohtas district of Bihar with cv. Agri found Dark Red to study the effect of different combinations of N, P and K application on growth, yield and quality characters of Kharif onion. In this experiment, different levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium significantly affected the growth, yield and quality of onion significantly. The application of N, P2O5 and K2O significantly increased total onion yield with the combination of 120 kg, 80 kg and 60 kg/ha, respectively and it was found most appropriate combination of nutrients with respect to growth and yield of the Kharif season onion.

Studies on the neck removal of kharif onion (Allium cepa L) for enhancing the shelf-life under ambient storage conditions

Studies on the neck removal of kharif onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L) for enhancing the shelf-life under ambient storage conditions

Seasonal incidence and influence of dates of sowing on thrips infestation in Kharif onion

Seasonal incidence and influence of dates of sowing on thrips infestation in Kharif onion

English

English

Effect of Different Varieties and Planting Time on Kharif Onion Production in Lower Shivalik Hills of Himachal Pradesh

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of varieties and planting time on kharif onion production under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh at Research Farm of the Institute of Biotechnology and Environmental Science (Dr. Y.S. Parmar, University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur for two consecutive seasons (2011 &amp; 2012). The farm is located at an altitude of 620 m above mean sea level with average mean maximum and minimum temperature levels of 31.30 C and 12.40 C, respectively and is a representative site of low hill region of Himachal Pradesh. Four cultivars of onion viz. N-53, Nasik Red, Agrifound Dark Red (AFDR) and Agrifound Light Red (AFLR) were transplanted on six dates at ten days interval starting from 5th July to 25th August. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications for each treatment. Healthy seedlings were transplanted on raised beds at a spacing of 15 x 10 cm in plots of 3.0 x 3.0 m2. Recommended cultural practices were followed during investigation to raise the crop successfully. All the observations pertaining to traits viz. plant height (cm), neck thickness (cm), bulb diameter (cm), bulb weight (g), days for harvesting, and yield (q/ha) were taken by randomly selecting twenty healthy plants from each plot. Standard package and practices were followed for raising the crop as per the recommendations of the University. The maximum bulb diameter (5.50 cm was ()ng to bulb diameter showed that all the variables had significant effect on bulb diameter. the ing 2011 ) and highest bulb weight(64.37 g) among cultivars was noticed in cultivar Agrifound Dark Red. There was a significant effect of both by varieties and transplanting dates. The highest average yield (229.03 q/ha) was observed in cultivar AFDR. The highest bulb yield (197.54 q/ha) among transplanting dates was noted on third transplanting date D3 (25th July). Therefore it can be summarized that cultivar Agrifound Dark Red is the best suited cultivar for kharif onion production in lower Shivalik hills of Himachal Pradesh and it should be transplanted around 25th July for maximization of bulb yield.

Response of integrated nutrient management on the growth, yield and quality of Kharif onion (Allium cepa L.)

The field experiment of study the Effect of fertility levels on growth, yield and quality of Kharif onion was conducted at Horticulture farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner during Kharif 2001 and 2002. The experiment comprising 8 fertility levels (Control, 75%, 100% and 125%) recommended dose of NPK vermicompost 2.5 t ha -1 with 25 per cent, 50 per cent and 75 per cent recommended dose of NPK. The application of 50 per cent recommended dose of NPK + vermicompost 2.5 t ha -1 significantly improved the plant height, number of leaves at harvest, equatorial diameter thickness of scale, volume of bulb, yield and TSS, vitamin C and allyl propyl disulphide content.

Variability and trend analysis of rainfall data of Jhalawar district of Rajasthan, India

An attempt has been made to study the variability and trends of annual and seasonal rainfall for the period of 38 years (1973-2010) for all seven tehsils of Jhalawar district of Rajasthan. The mean annual rainfall of the district was found to 910 mm with standard deviation 218 mm and coefficient of variation 24 per cent. Annual rainfall varied from about 831 mm in Khanpur to more than 1022 mm in the Pirawa tehsil of the district. The annual rainfall showed declined trend (-0.23 to -17.41 mm/year) in all seven tehsils of the district. The negative trends at Pirawa (17.407 mm/year), Manoharthana (11.595 mm/year) and Aklera (5.789 mm/year) are statistically significant at less than 0.001, 0.05 and 0.05 levels, respectively. During the study period maximum dry period was recorded during postmonsoon and winter. Also, for the entire 38 years period maximum dry months were recorded during December till April. August was normal month for about 87 per cent followed by July and June for about 84 per cent and 66 per cent respectively. It was evident that the onset of south-west (SW) monsoon took place in the month of June and chancesof drought occurrence during kharif season were very low. Hence, SW monsoon rainfall is found ideal for raising kharif crops like soybeans, urd, moong, jowar, maize, tomato, brinjal, chilli, okra, kharif onion, amaranth, rainfed green gram, red gram, castor, etc in the district.

High-Value Crops’ Imbedded Intensive Cropping Systems for Enhanced Productivity, Resource-Use-Efficiency, Energetics and Soil-Health in Indo-Gangetic Plains

An investigation was undertaken at New Delhi, India during 2011–2013 to assess the agro-economic potentiality of four promising high-value crops’ imbedded diversified intensive cropping systems (DICS) in order to diversify the cereal–cereal based rotations and owning maximum profitability in Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGPR) production systems. Cowpea–potato–mungbean (C–P–Mb) system proved as best viable option in realizing highest system-productivity in terms of mungbean-equivalent-yield (MEY), water-productivity and energy-relationships besides enhancing soil physico-chemical and microbiological properties; followed by Kharif onion–wheat–mungbean (O–W–Mb) system. C–P–Mb system also observed significantly highest net-returns, production and monetary-efficiencies. Application of 75 % recommended NPK (RDF) + vermicompost (VC) @ 5 t ha−1 registered highest system-productivity (MEY) and production-efficiency followed by 100 % RDF, respectively. Application of 75 % RDF + VC @ 5 t ha−1 also registered higher available N, P, soil–organic–carbon and DTPA-extractable micro-nutrients, besides enhanced microbial–biomass–carbon, respiratory and dehydrogenase activities. Overall, C–P–Mb and O–W–Mb systems supplied with 75 % RDF + VC @ 5 t ha−1 may prove as viable alternative DICSs for enhanced system-productivity, profitability, water-productivity, energetics, and soil-health under irrigated IGPR.