Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District Research Articles

Histological trends and molecular genetic features of non-small cell lung cancer in the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district – Ugra

Objective: to study the histological structure of lung cancer, as well as molecular-genetic, gender, demographic and anamnestic characteristics of patients with non-small cell lung cancer in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous district – Ugra. Material and Methods. Material for the study consisted of 6725 cases of lung cancer for the period 2001–2020 and 266 cases diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer for the period 2020–2023. Nonparametric Fisher’s criterion and χ2 test were used to analyze statistical factors. The relative risk of an event in the main group compared to the control group was calculated. Results. Squamous cell carcinoma remained the most common histological form among lung cancers detected for the periods 2001–2010 and 2011–2020 (40.2 and 38.3 %, respectively). During the second decade of the study period, the proportion of lung adenocarcinoma increased by 9.6%, approaching the rates of squamous cell lung carcinoma. It should be noted that in the structure of all histologic subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer, genetic aberrations occurred more frequently in adenocarcinoma than in other histologic forms of lung cancer (33 vs 6 %, respectively). The results of the analysis showed that the relative risk of developing genetic aberrations in EGFR, KRAS, ALK oncogenes was respectively 21.08; 9.04 and 10.84 times higher in lung adenocarcinoma and 15.87; 2.18 and 10.2 times higher among never smokers than in the control groups. The incidence of mutations in the EGFR gene was statistically more frequent in women (p<0.001), and the incidence of translocation in the AL K gene was predominantly diagnosed at age ≥48 years (p=0.002) regardless of gender. The specificity of PD-L1 expression levels (low – 63.2 %, medium – 16.2 %, high – 4.5 %) is consistent with other recent studies. Conclusion. The study of molecular-genetic changes observed in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer in Ugra allows the development of organizational and methodological approaches to diagnosis and treatment of these patients.

Уральский федеральный округ: территории и политическая культура государственных гражданских и муниципальных служащих

The article studies the political culture of state civil and municipal employees of a specific territory of the Russian Federation – the Ural Federal District. The purpose of the study is to identify UrFO territories with the most developed political culture among state civil and municipal employees. The author maintains a well-known statement about the interrelation of factors influencing political culture – it is economic and educational. To these factors, they added – and also scientific, because today in the information society, science largely determines the development of the economy. In the course of the study, the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions were the most successful in terms of all factors. The exceptions are the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, which have the highest standard of living, wages and excellent supplies due to the development of oil and gas production, but the level of education and science development lags behind.

About Some Aspects of Public Health Care and Socio-Cultural Sphere of Yugra in Extreme Conditions of the War

The subject of the article is the little-studied issues of the state of health care and socio-cultural sphere of Khanty-Mansiysk National District (1941–1945). The conditions and factors of changes are determined; the main tasks and their implementation in the studied spheres based on the introduction of new documents into the scientific circulation. In the center of attention is the analysis of the factors that influenced the financial, personnel, material support of the state institutions in the changed wartime conditions. The author reveals the existence of typical problems in the situation of health care, education and culture, ways of overcoming difficulties. Much attention in the article is paid to the analysis of facts showing the work of the health care system within the framework of the tasks defined by the People's Commissariat for Health of the USSR to protect the health of the population (children are in the first place), to prevent epidemics. In the state of school affairs, the discussion issues concerning the number of schools, the contingent of students at different levels of education, the problem of universal education coverage of children aged 8–15, the number and staffing of teachers are characterised. The material on staff training in the district's specialised secondary educational institutions is systematised, quantitative indicators and conditions of activity, teachers’ and students’ material and living conditions are analysed. The cultural sphere was financed on a residual principle, in fact, it deprived of the district centralised management, but made its best contribution to the solution of problems on cultural services to the population, being a transmitter of state-patriotic ideas. The author formulates the conclusion that health care, education and culture, despite the enormous difficulties of wartime, in general withstood the tests, fulfilled the assigned tasks, and as a very significant part of the home front, contributed to the victory in the hardest war of the Soviet people. Scientific novelty and practical significance of the presented materials are determined by the introduction of new archival documents into the scientific turnover, clarification and expansion of ideas about socio-cultural processes in the region, their theoretical understanding on the basis of modernisation paradigm and system approach. The obtained new knowledge, systematised and structured, can be applied both in scientific research and in the educational process, as well as in socio-cultural projects of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District. It is quite obvious that the interpretation of the history of Yugra during the war years as a rear area needs a significant expansion of the traditional topics and setting new research problems. It is necessary to pay attention to different aspects of life on the home front, including the social sphere. The complexity of the military era (including everyday life of different categories of people in the district: the main population, temporary (evacuees) and special contingent) requires the identification of peculiarities in their social, material and economic situation. There is a need to rethink the subjects related not only to the analysis of the effectiveness of the Party and state management structures in the spheres of health care, education and culture, but also to the legal situation, the real role of the ruling Communist Party, and in a broader context – to find out the key characteristics of the military-political regime and its relationship with society on the materials of the region.

МАСТЕР-ПЛАНЫ АГЛОМЕРАЦИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ В РОССИИ

Agglomeration master planning is used in many foreign countries: for example, Antananarivo-Toamasina conurbation master plan in Madagascar (the TaToM project). The purpose of the study is to describe the practice of master planning for agglomerations in the Russian Federation, to reveal its geography and key development trends. It has been established that as of June 2022, two agglomeration master plans have been developed in Russia, eight are under development and three more are under discussion. The existence of seven strategies / concepts of (spatial) development was also noted. The period of active development of master plans and changes in naming begins in 2018: more and more often the master plan appears in the titles of documents. The geography of master planning for agglomerations in Russia differs from the geography of large and the largest agglomerations of the country: there are examples of master planning for agglomerations in Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District and Komi. Master planning of cities and agglomerations in Russia is difficult due to the presence of a number of legal problems, the multivariance of terminology and the lack of clear characteristics of the content of such documents. Master plans may have alternatives in the form of an agglomeration socio-economic development strategy and an agglomeration territorial planning scheme, which are also being developed in different agglomerations of Russia. The format of master planning for agglomerations in Russia has a chance of being widely used in planning practice.

Теория и кейсы креативного туризма

The pertinence of the study stems from the need to develop the domestic tourism market and creative tourism as one of its areas. Creativity has become a place build-ing strategy as cities and regions seek to increase their appeal to the middle class, support the creative industries, or become “creative cities.” The article analyzes the conceptual apparatus of the creative industry, trends in the development of the crea-tive economy. The practical connection between creativity and the creative economy is represented by specific examples of creative tourism associated with various festi-vals and events. The most famous are the Kunqu opera (Hangzhou, China), the birth-place of Hieronymus Bosch (Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands), Frevo-style music concerts (Recife, Brazil), the CounterPlay festival (Denmark), the #Urbanana project (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). In Russia, creative tours are a niche type of tourism and are not yet arranged in all regions, for example, in the Sverdlovsk and Ivanovo regions, the Perm Territory, and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District. Thus, the purpose of the study is to analyze the theory of creative tourism and identi-fy the most successful examples of the implementation of creative tours. On the one hand, festivals and events serve to stimulate commercial activities, create new jobs and increase attendance, on the other hand, cultural events have become a common means by which creative spaces are created. The presence of creative events shows a growing relationship between the tourism industry and strategies for creating and promoting tourist destinations. The ability of a tourist destination to compete de-pends on its ability to transform basic inherited factors into created assets with a higher symbolic or iconic value.

On the Creation of a Digital Permanently Operating Structural Model for the Sedimentary Cover of the West Siberian Petroleum Province

The paper presents some results of the development of a digital permanently operating structural and geological model (implemented at the Autonomous Institution of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District–Yugra V.I. Shpilman Research and Analytical Center for the Rational Use of the Subsoil) for the area of central West Siberia and important aspects that need to be considered in implementation practice. The methodological challenges of the variational-grid mapping method and its application include problems such as finding an optimal computational grid and using heterogeneous input information for mapping key seismic horizons. An effective method is considered for using seismic data with uncorrected misties in geological mapping based on corrections for derivatives of the desired function along the seismic profile direction (i.e., seismic surface shape). Special attention is paid to a priori information when mapping stratigraphic boundaries with poorly correlated seismic sections. The conformal thickness model linking geometry of the mapped surface with the structural framework of the two reference boundaries has been tested on the construction of regional structural and geological models for the Jurassic interval of the cross section of West Siberia. The model modification can also be applied to mapping clinoform formations. Given the scale and nontrivial tasks of regional mapping, the issues related to setting up the computing workflow are considered in detail: algorithmization, programming protocols, and automation. In the light of the accentuated relevance of the development of specialized software, the GST (Geo-Spline Technology) software product is considered, with the digital structural framework of the region implemented therein. This resulted in a permanently operating model, since the hierarchical object-oriented approach implemented in GST ensures a complete protocol that integrates computational procedures and data flows, as well as automation of model recalculation. The structural framework serves as the basis for mapping physical properties and parameters, assessment of the region resource potential, and r study of other aspects. The proposed model being not conclusive, it offers rich opportunities for revision and refinement as to the area size (geological model domain), level of detail, database enlargement, thereby determining the directions of further development of the digital structural framework.

Биогеосорбент «Геолекс»: внедрение технологий в практику

The oil and gas industry plays a key role in the Russian economy. However, its risks of environmental impact are among the highest in modern production industries. The need for the fastest recovery of territories requires a prompt elimination of consequences of soil pollution with oil. This might be achieved by an extensive complex of technologies, including biotechnological product application. This study examined contaminated soils from experimental industrial sites of the Komi Republic, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District. Practices accelerating the processes of soil restoration included the application of the Geolex biogeosorbent composed of a glauconite-bearing rock and immobilized oil-degraders of the BIOTRIN biopreparation. The biotechnologies embodied enhanced the processes of dehydrogenation and oxidation of oil and petroleum products. By the end of the experiment, the dehydrogenase activity of the soils recultivated decreased, which indicated the progressive succession. The efficiency of pollutant removal at pilot sites was 68—95 % in 60 days.

АНАЛИЗ ПРАКТИКИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ БЛАГОПРИЯТНОЙ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ СРЕДЫ В РЕГИОНЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ХАНТЫ-МАНСИЙСКОГО АВТОНОМНОГО ОКРУГА – ЮГРА)

In modern conditions, investments are recognized as the primary factor of economic growth of the Russian Federation, through which it is possible to ensure the intensification of manufacture of highly competitive products, conditions for high-quality economic growth, social stability and environmental safety. New guidelines for the development of the modern economy come to the fore when forming the concept of economic policy of the Russian Federation. The need for reorientation is explained by the fact that the raw-materials model of the economy is based on the functioning of large raw-materials enterprises. This circumstance is due to the focus of economic growth, which makes it possible to focus resources on priority state problems and develop conditions for improving market institutions. At the same time, the modern resource-oriented economy strongly depends on the structure and conditions of the world market of raw materials for import purchases. The author's approach is to consider the issues of managing the investment attractiveness of the northern region in the context of the most relevant and modern factors. This makes it possible to identify priority industries for investment and implement investment projects that ensure maximum return on invested funds at a risk level acceptable to the investor. According to the author, the investment attractiveness of the region is a multidimensional, multifactorial economic category, which is reflected by a set of irreducible indicating parameters. The system for managing the investment attractiveness of the region should also be a multi-level one, and it should have a differentiation of the tasks of management bodies. Based on the above, we can formulate a research hypothesis: the administrative environment of the subject of the Russian Federation should be continuously improved in order to attract real investments to the region. At the same time, state policy measures in the field of increasing the investment attractiveness of regions should be focused on the introduction of organizational mechanisms that increase the effectiveness of existing programs. The present study is based on the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District – Yugra and can be used as practical recommendations for the formation of investment policy in the northern oil and gas producing regions of Russia.

ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫЙ АСПЕКТ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ КЛАСТЕРНОГО ПОДХОДА В УСЛОВИЯХ НОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

Main directions of the new economic policy of Russia are the economy autonomization and formation of complex production systems. Emphasizing the role of the macroregional management, in accordance with the Strategy of the Spatial Development, increases the relevance of developing interregional, intersectorial clusters. Based on the methodology of forming and investigating of production clusters, the paper author proposes additional criteria of “successful integration” in the context of the spatial approach. The methodical toolkit for the economic integration assessment is tested using coefficients of the specialization and synchronization of the economic dynamics. The research reveals promising zones of the interregional clusters’ formation, discussed on the examples of Urals and Siberia. The most significant integration potential is identified for the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. The study confirms the choice of strategies of the interregional integration in the context of the clusters’ formation, with consideration to the degree of the regional economy specialization and the list of promising specializations of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Estimation of the proportionality of the physical development of children of the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district – Yugra with non-differentiated connective tissue displasion

Background. Assessment of the physical development of children in individual regions of the Russian Federation does not lose its relevance and requires constant updating, in this regard, it is important to study it in children adapting to the climatic and geographical conditions of the North, as well as the effect of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia on it.
 Aim. Aim of the study is to study the gender and age characteristics of the proportionality of physical development in children with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia living in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug Yugra.
 Materials and methods. The analysis of physical development of 528 children of the second childhood and adolescence, living in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra, was carried out. The study group consisted of 342 children (248 boys and 94 girls) with a diagnostically significant number of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia symptoms (from 6 to 18 stigmas). The comparison group included 186 children (111 boys and 75 girls) who did not score a significant threshold of phene signs (from 0 to 5 stigmas). Physical development was assessed according to the Quetelet II weight-height index, chest-weight indices: Pignet, Vervek, and Brugsch, as well as proportionality indices: sternum, shoulder width, pelvic width, torso shape, arm and leg length indices, cranial and facial indices, interorbital-circular index.
 Results. Children without undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia during the second childhood have a tendency to malnutrition, and are characterized by a weak physique with a tendency to narrow chest. In adolescence, the tendency towards weakness of the physique persists, while height-weight ratios deviate towards normotrophy. Children with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia during the second childhood and adolescence have a rectangular or trapezoidal body with an average length, as well as long upper and lower limbs relative to the length of the body.
 Conclusion. The impact of the socio-ecological factors of the North neutralizes the differences in the rates of physical development in healthy children and persons with disorders caused by congenital disorders of organogenesis of the undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia type.

Conditions for territorial biodiversity conservation affected by technogenesis in the North

The biological potential of the northern territories is enormous and diverse. Large areas of such resources and fauna are subjected to anthropogenic and technogenic pressure, causing pollution, destruction, and degradation of natural conditions and systems. The goal of studying changes in spatial landscapes is to preserve the natural resources of the North, to register the animal world, monitor forest lands and to organize nurseries for breeding productive forest species. It is necessary to clean the forests from dead wood, which creates unfavorable sanitary and hygienic conditions, forest inhabitants suffer and the food chain is disrupted. An analysis of the use of lands of the Beloyarsk forestry of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District is carried out, its natural and economic state and the uniqueness of the existing biological system are described. The recommendations for the preservation of species diversity and natural ecosystems are provided. It is necessary to protect and maintain the natural habitat of animals, increase the possibilities of restoration processes in the environment of vegetation and tree-shrub cover, and avoid soil erosion processes. Currently, reduction of the negative impact on nature, development of optimal solutions and innovative approaches to the rational and environmentally friendly use of resources, taking into account interests of all inhabitants are the primary tasks of society. Accounting for environmental changes aimed at ensuring the viability of society should include predictive estimates of decision-making consequences or redevelopment of land plots, based on the study of prevailing factors and natural conditions.

Impact of acid treatment on the puzzolan activity of natural zeolite tuff

Using the methods of thermal gravimetric analysis, and X-ray phase analysis, the puzzolan activity of the natural zeolite tuff of the Lyulinsky deposit of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District -Yugra as a mineral additive to cement was evaluated. Acid modification of natural zeolite tuff was performed. The selection of modification conditions was carried out by varying the concentration of the acid solution, the time of exposure to the reagent, and the temperature. The optimal parameters were: the concentration of hydrochloric acid 3 M, the duration of acid exposure-5 hours, the temperature of 80°C. It was found that the treatment of tuff with 3M hydrochloric acid solution leads to a significant increase in puzzolan activity. The strengthening effect of the modified additive is shown. The strength of cement samples with the addition of zeolite tuff at a similar age increases by 28%. The effect of the addition of zeolite tuff on the phase composition of cement during hydration and hardening is studied. A more significant decrease in the content of portlandite was recorded when using a modified additive compared to the addition of zeolite tuff in its native state, which is consistent with the data obtained from the mass loss curves. At the same time, an increase in the content of ettringite, which contributes to the strengthening of the structure of the binder part of the cement stone, is shown. The degree of hydration of cement was estimated by the change in the content of alite. A complexometric determination of the aluminum content in the washing waters after acid treatment of zeolite tuff was carried out. It is shown that acid treatment leads to its dealuminization, which is associated with the restructuring of the zeolite framework. This, in turn, provides an increase in the number of active acid centers responsible for its adsorption properties and reactivity on the surface of the aluminum-silicate framework of the zeolite.

Aromatic compounds in bitumoids of the Bazhenov Formation in the North of the Khantey hemiantheclise

The main features of the geochemistry of individual aromatic compounds (phenanthrenes, dibenzothiophenes, mono- and triaromatic steroids) in chloroform extracts (bitumoids) from the open (regular form and coarse-crushed (≥0.5 cm) samples) and closed (fine-crushed (0.25 mm) samples) pore space of the Bazhenov Formation have been determined. The differences in the aromatic compounds distribution of organic matter of the Bazhenov Formation in the North of the Khantey hemiantheclise (Surgut region, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District, Western Siberia) are mainly related to its stage of thermal maturity which decreases in the south-west direction within the studying area. The most sensitive to maturity variations at the same catagenesis gradation are the parameters: CPI, Ts/Tm, 1/Ki ((n-C17 + n-C18)/(Pr + Ph)), MDR (4-MDBT/1-MDBT), DBTI ((2+3-MDBT)/DBT) and TASI (TAS I/(TAS I + TAS II)). Based on some indicators (PI, MPI, PP-1, MDR, DBTI etc.), it is possible to notice the decrease and equalization of its values in bitumoids from closed pores compared with those from open ones. It seems to be associated with the removal of the most transformed, light and migratory-capable part of bitumoids during their extraction from the open pore space of rocks.

Особенности полового развития детей и подростков этнических хантов и пришлого населения Среднего Приобья

Study Objective: To work out the sexual development standards for ethnic Khanty 7 to 17 years old and their comparative analysis with similar parameters of alien population in the Middle Ob Region of the same age. Study Design: cross-sectional cohort comparative study. Materials and Methods. The study included 2,554 children born in Yugra – Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district and alien adolescents, and 2,431 ethnic Khanty children aged 7 to 17 years with health group I–II. Sexual development formulas were developed on the basis of publications by J.M. Tanner (1969–1970) and M. V. Maksimova (1977). Sexual development formulas were evaluated; the results were analysed in two groups of children and adolescents — ethnic Khanty and alien population in the Middle Ob Region. We compared the mean age (M ± SD) when each of the secondary sex characters appeared and formed. Study Results. We found out that the Khanty develop secondary sex characters later than the alien population, both in girls and boys. Secondary sex characters are formed at the same age in both groups due to faster rate in the Khanty, save for axillary pilosis: in Khanty adolescents, this character is formed later. A distinctive feature of sexual development of Khanty boys is absence of stage P5 of pubic pilosis according to J. M. Tanner and of facial hair. Conclusion. The patterns we found necessitate the use of a differentiated approach to evaluation of sexual development of the Khanty and alien population of Yugra – Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district. Use of the standards developed for other population groups may cause overdiagnosis of sexual development retardation in children and adolescents in this ethnic group. Keywords: sexual development, children, ethic characteristics, the Khanty.

ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ АГРОТЕХНИКИ ЗВЕРОБОЯ ПРОДЫРЯВЛЕННОГО (HYPERICUM PERFORATUM) В УСЛОВИЯХ СВЕТОКУЛЬТУРЫ

This paper discusses the productivity evaluation results (shoot length, shoot number, leaf size, and yields) of hy-droponically grown perforate St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). Hydroponic technique enables year-round growing of this medicinal plant preserving natural plant population in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District -Yugra; perforate St. John’s wortis listed in the District’s Red Book as the species that should be closely monitored in its natural habitat. A vertical ebb-and-flow hydroponic unit was used for growing. The research target was the Optimist variety of perforate St. John’s wort. Generally ac-cepted research methods were applied. Phytopathological evaluation of the perforate St. John’s wort plantation re-vealed low level of infestation with fusarium disease (less than 5%). The experiment showed that the plants reached the best values of all growth indices when grown under white lights of luminous flux of 8000 lm, color temperature of 4000 K, and РРF of 165 μmol s m2. Moreover, lighting with white LEDs stimulates transition of growing plants to flowering stage on the 97th day after planting and increas-es yield to 3.12 kg m2. The variety Optimist variety of perfo-rate St. John’s wort in hydroponic environment forms creeping, aggressively branching shoots that should be considered during growing.

White’s Thrush nesting near Surgut (the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district)

White’s Thrush nesting near Surgut (the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district)

Методические подходы к оценке социально-экономической эффективности института развития предпринимательства в северных сырьевых регионах

The article presents an overview of scientific publications on institutions of entrepreneurship development. It has been stated that most of publications consider three main issues: the definition of such institutions, their typology and methodological tools for assessing the effectiveness of functioning. There have been determined the specific features of the institution of entrepreneurship development in the Northern raw materials regions: Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District - Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. It has been found that the institution of entrepreneurship development in the regions under consideration is at the stage of its formation. There is a sufficient infrastructure to support small businesses. The lack of unified methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the institution of entrepreneurship development and a large number of different structures do not allow to manage purposefully the process of entrepreneurship development. A methodological approach to assessing the socio-economic efficiency of the entrepreneurship institute on the basis of target indicators and criteria for the social and economic efficiency of budgetary investments directed through institutions of entrepreneurship development has been proposed. The presented methodological approach includes five stages: determination of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the institution of entrepreneurship development; identification of problems based on the analysis; formation of a system of goals; developing criteria for the social and economic efficiency of budget investments. As criteria for the social efficiency of budget investments it was proposed to use the following factors: population employment, expanding the range of services, increasing transport permeability, maintaining traditional activities of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North. The criteria of economic efficiency include the innovative nature of entrepreneurship, the decrease in the mono-profile of the regional economy, the development of competitive products, the promotion of the formation of an information society. The final stage provides correlating the feasibility and possibilities of directing budgetary investments to the institution of entrepreneurship development in order to achieve the target indicators. The recommended methodological approach makes it possible to formulate the priorities of the institution of entrepreneurship development at the regional level and to allocate budgetary funds with maximum efficiency.

Гидрохимическое состояние водотоков и водоемов Юганской группы лицензионных участков ПАО «Сургутнефтегаз» в Нефтеюганском районе ХМАО-Югры

Гидрохимическое состояние водотоков и водоемов Юганской группы лицензионных участков ПАО «Сургутнефтегаз» в Нефтеюганском районе ХМАО-Югры

Динамика радиального прироста кедра сибирского Pinus sibirica Du Tour при различных режимах рубок уход

Creation and formation of Siberian pine forests for various purposes, and especially Siberian pine seed orchards, is an urgent issue of Russian forestry. The article deals with the dynamics of the radial growth of Siberian pine Pinus sibirica Du Tour trees after thinning with different modes (method, number of methods, etc.). The analysis was performed both at the stand, and tree levels. The studies were carried out at the experimental plots located in the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district and Tyumen region in the middle taiga subzone. As a result of the research it has been established that the response of Siberian pine to thinning depends on intensity, number of methods and timing, as well as on age and morphological structure of Siberian pine on clearings and under the canopy of secondary forests. It was found that extensive (low density) Siberian pine seed orchards are formed both under intensive and systematic thinning. In this case, the average radial growth ranges from 3 to 5 mm/yr, which provides not only a rhythmic progressive growth, but also physiological development. Thereby, after 30–35 years substantially all trees have already entered the generative phase and actively seeding. Single thinning, especially with small selection (less than 50 %) leads to the formation of intensive (high density) seed orchards with an average growth of trunk from 2 to 3 mm/yr. Overgdense, aside from reduction of Siberian pine radial growth, slows down the rate of ontogenetic stages and phases. As a result, in these seed orchards there are trees that have never given cones.For citation: Dynamics of the Radial Growth of Siberian Pine Pinus sibirica Du Tour under Different Thinning Modes. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2019, no. 6, pp. 9–24.DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.6.9

Tuberculosis as a socially significant disease. The organization of medical care for patients with tuberculosis in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District – Ugra

Introduction. In the world (and in the Russian Federation) the situation caused by the increase in the number of socially significant diseases continues to be quite tense. The most important in this group is tuberculosis, which causes significant damage to society, due to the loss of temporary and permanent disability, an increase in the number of disabled people and destabilization of the demographic situation in the country. In this regard, an integrated approach to the implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures in patients suffering from tuberculous lesions is a priority in addressing the spread of this pathology. Purpose of the study. Analysis of data on the epidemiological situation, morbidity, prevalence, mortality, prevention and treatment of tuberculosis patients in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District – Ugra in 2017, comparing the figures for the first half of 2017 and 2018. Materials and methods. To assess the parameters characterizing the organization of early diagnosis of tuberculosis, hospitalization of patients of the relevant cohort of the population, the effectiveness of therapeutic measures taken, the quality of preventive measures among the population of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District – Ugra, the data of annual reports of relevant medical organizations for 2017–2018 are used. Results. In 2017, the coverage of examinations for tuberculosis of the population with the use of all survey methods amounted to 78,6%, while the target indicator of the state program «Health Development 2014–2020» was 78,0%. The number of patients effectively treated at the studied stages was more than 50% of cases for each. Conclusion. In the Autonomous District – Ugra, the work of all services and institutions for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis is recognized as systematic and effective according to the results of events held.